The effect of feeding rosemary, oregano, saffron and &#945-tocopheryl acetate on hen performance and oxidative stability of eggs

In this study the effects of feeding rosemary, oregano, saffron and α-tocopheryl acetate on hen performance and egg quality were investigated. One hundred-twenty Lohmann laying hens, 32 weeks old, were divided into five groups replicated four times with six hens per replicate. One group was given a basal diet and served as control (CON). The experimental diets given to the other four groups were based on the basal diet but contained an additional 200 mg α-tocopheryl acetate/kg (TOC), or rosemary at 5 g/kg diet (ROS), oregano at 5 g/kg diet (ORE) or saffron at 20 mg/kg diet (SAF). At the end of the feeding trial that lasted 56 days, hen performance and some egg quality characteristics were determined, whereas the oxidative stability of the refrigerated stored shell eggs and liquid yolks were also examined. Results showed no significant differences in egg production, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, egg weight and shape, yolk shape, Haugh units and shell thickness among treatments. However, yolk colour was significantly improved in the SAF group compared to all other groups. The extent of lipid oxidation in shell eggs differed among the dietary treatments, but did not change with storage time. In liquid yolk at pH 6.2, lipid oxidation was higher in the CON group compared to all other groups. The ORE group presented lower oxidation rate than the ROS group, but higher than the SAF group, which in turn exhibited higher oxidation rate than the TOC group. When liquid yolk was acidified to pH 4.2, the lipid oxidation profile remained unchanged but the rate was much more intense. Keywords: Rosemary; oregano; saffron; α-tocopherol acetate;egg quality; hen performance; oxidative stability South African Journal of Animal Sciences Vol. 35 (3) 2005: pp.143-15

Marginal discoloration of all-ceramic restorations cemented adhesively versus nonadhesively

BACKGROUND: The authors conducted a systematic review to correlate the clinical incidence of marginal discoloration of all-ceramic restorations with the mode of cementation (adhesive versus nonadhesive). TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED: The authors conducted a literature search by using electronic databases, relevant references, database citations and journal hand searches for clinical studies of marginal discoloration of all-ceramic restorations with a mean follow-up time of at least five years. The search period spanned January 1990 through February 2011. The authors reported and compared summary estimates and five-year event rates. RESULTS: The authors selected 16 studies for final analysis from an initial yield of 346 articles. The mean observation time ranged between five and 10 years. The majority of studies used adhesive luting procedures for definitive cementation. In only one study did investigators report regarding the incidence of marginal discoloration of both adhesively and nonadhesively cemented all-ceramic restorations, and the difference between the luting types in terms of discoloration was not statistically significant (P = .5). CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The results of this systematic review showed that there is a lack of studies with findings regarding marginal discoloration rates of nonadhesively luted all-ceramic restorations. Unacceptable marginal discoloration rates of adhesively luted all-ceramic prostheses were relatively low even at 10 years of service

Bonding indirect resin composites to metal: Part 1. Comparison of shear bond strengths between different metal-resin bonding systems and a metal-ceramic system

PURPOSE: This laboratory study compared the shear bond strength between three indirect resin composites and a noble alloy using their respective bonding systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred twenty disks cast in a medium-gold, high-noble metal-ceramic alloy (V-Deltaloy) were divided equally into four groups and received different treatments for veneering: Conventional feldspathic porcelain (Omega) was applied on one set of specimens to be used as a control, and three indirect resin composites (Artglass, Sculpture, Targis) with their respective bonding systems were used for the other groups. The specimens were tested in a parallel shear test, half of them after 24-hour dry storage at room temperature and the rest after 10-day storage in normal saline solution at 37 degrees C and thermocycling. The fractured specimens were evaluated to determine the nature of the failure. RESULTS: The mean shear bond strength values (in MPa), before and after wet storage and thermocycling, were 30 and 23 for the metal-ceramic group, 29 and 23 for the Artglass group, 20 and 19 for the Sculpture group, and 17 and 14 for the Targis group, respectively. The metal-ceramic and Artglass groups exhibited significantly higher bond strengths than the other two groups. All specimens, with the exception of the Sculpture group, showed a significant decrease in bond strength after wet storage and thermocycling. CONCLUSION: No group exceeded the shear bond strength of the metal-ceramic group, but the Artglass group with its respective metal-resin bonding system exhibited similar bond strengths. The Sculpture group showed a stable bond after water storage and thermocycling