26 research outputs found
Trudności w pracy nauczyciela matematyki
Publikacja bezpłatna - rozdział pochodzi z książki „Matematyka. Materiały metodyczne”, red. R. J. Pawlak, Z. Walczak, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź 2014Publikacja przygotowana w ramach realizacji projektu „Nowoczesny nauczyciel Matematyki. Wzmocnienie kompetencji nauczycieli matematyki z województwa łódzkiego”, współfinansowanego ze środków Unii Europejskiej w ramach Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego
The Need for Power and Influence, Sense of Power and Directiveness Among Teachers
The aim of the presented research was to answer the question whether people
working as teachers differ from other professionals in terms of the sense of and
need for power and directiveness. The study group consisted of 198 teachers,
while the control group included 156 people from other occupations. The
research procedure included: the SPS Sense of Power Scale (Anderson, John, &
Keltner, 2012), the Index of Personal Reactions (Bennett, 1988), the SD Directiveness
Scale (Ray, 1976) and an extended metric. Teachers had significantly
higher results in terms of directiveness, sense of power in the family, sense
of power towards colleagues, sense of power towards the supervisor, need for
power and resistance to submission. Teachers had significantly lower results in
the area of need for influence
Władza w organizacji zawodowej a władza w bliskich relacjach seksualnych
This work addresses the issue of the consequences that holding positions of power in professional
life may have upon the individual’s sex life. Studies conducted up to now have demonstrated that
the effects of wielding power in one’s professional life may influence the subject in the cognitive,
emotional, and behavioral spheres (Fiske, 1993; Goodwin et al., 2000; Tiedens, 2001; Keltner,
Gruenfeld & Anderson, 2003; Grant & Keohane, 2005; Anderson & Galinsky, 2006). However,
these studies have not yielded extensive information about the interdependencies between power
possession in the career context and the exercise of power in intimate relations and sexual life.
The goal of this work is to analyze the connections between subjective and objective power
in one’s professional position and the functioning of power in intimate sexual relations. The
research that was carried out took into consideration the personal dimensions of power (need for
power, directedness) and those of sexual function (frequency, degree of satisfaction, anxiety,
motivation, dynamics of control in the sexual relation). The research also analyzed the
correspondences that biological and psychological gender have with power in the workplace and
power in sexual relationships.
The study was conducted with the participation of 205 individuals, of whom 100 were
people occupying positions of power in their given occupational roles, and 105 were people
occupying subordinate positions. In order to measure the objective and subjective degrees of power
in the workplace, interviews were conducted eliciting age, sex, income, number of subordinates,
and the Sense of Power Scale (Anderson, John & Keltner, 2012) was also employed. Power as an
element of sexual relations and sexual functioning was established by means of the following
assessment tools: The Multidimensial Sexuality Questionnaire (Snell, Fisher & Walters, 1993), The
Affective and Motivational Orientation Related to Erotic Arousal Questionnaire (Hill & Preston,
1996), Sexual Relationship Scale (Hughes & Snell, 1990), Explicit Power–Sex Measure (Chapleau
& Oswald, 2010) and Implicit Association Test (Greenwald, McGhee & Schwarz, 1998). The
individual aspects of power were assessed according to the Index of Personal Reactions (Bennett,
1988), and Directiveness Scale (Ray, 1976). Gender was diagnosed according to the Psychological
Gender Inventory (Kuczyńska, 1992).
The research which was carried out revealed statistically significant connections between
power in the workplace and the exercise of power in sexual relationships. The exercise of objective
power in a professional organizational structure (e.g. employment in a managerial position) was
correlated with more frequent initiation of sexual activity, with greater assertiveness in the domain
of sexuality, with more frequent acting out of one’s own sexual fantasies, and with a greater
propensity for sexual dominance. Individuals displaying a higher sense of power in the professional
organization they were characterized additionally by exchange approaches in sexual relationships
and a conviction that the power relation is manifested in a sexual act.
The results suggested that a significant role is played by the personal conditions of the
exercise of power. The need of power additionally correlated with the readiness to undertake sexual
activity with the goal of bolstering the feeling of power, a tendency towards sexual domination,
sexual assertiveness and the realization of one’s own sexual fantasies.
In the research, men occupied managerial workplace positions more frequently than did
women; men also earned higher incomes and had greater numbers of subordinates. Men were also
characterized by a greater sense of power in professional relations. More frequently than women,
men seemed to be motivated in their sexual behavior by a desire to bolster their feelings of power;
men also displayed a greater tendency towards sexual domination, more often exhibited exchange
approaches to sexual relations expressed a higher level of sexual assertiveness, more frequently
sought to realize their own sexual fantasies, and likewise more frequently initiated sexual activity.
Psychological masculinity was furthermore correlated with the occupation of managerial
professional positions, with a more instrumental approach to sexual behavior, with higher sexual
self-confidence and with a greater inclination to initiate sexual activity. Psychological femininity
was negatively correlated with size of income, subjective feeling of authority in the workplace, and
tendency to initiate sexual activity.
The conclusions extrapolated from the results of this research may find application in such
areas of applied psychology and medicine as family counseling, marriage counseling, career
counseling, and couples therapy
The need for power, need for influence, sense of power, and directiveness in female and male superiors and subordinates
background
The purpose of the study was to examine the phenomenon
of power within an organisation from the vantage point of
gender, the occupied position, earnings, and the number
of subordinates.
participants and procedure
The sample group comprised 107 female and 98 male participants.
The mean age was 42.14 years (SD = 11.73). The
study covered 100 superiors and 105 subordinates. The
research tools were: the Need for Power and Influence
Questionnaire (Bennett, 1988), the Personal Sense of Power
Scale (Anderson, John, & Keltner, 2012), and the Directiveness
Scale SD (Ray, 1976).
results
The superiors scored significantly higher on the need for
power, need for influence, and directiveness. They also
scored higher in terms of the need for power in relations
with other people, with colleagues, and in superior-subordinate
relations. The number of male leaders was conspicuously
greater than the number of female leaders. Furthermore,
women had fewer subordinates than men and
earned less than men. Female participants scored lower on
the sense of power and the need for power scales.
conclusions
Occupying either an executive or subordinate position differentiates
between women and men in terms of sense of
power in interpersonal relationships. The findings on sense
of power in the professional context may be applied in organisational
psychology in order to increase employees’
competence and qualifications
Psychological masculinity, femininity and tactics of manipulation in patients with borderline personality disorder
Aim. The aim of the study was a relation between the borderline personality disorder and psychological
gender, and tendency to use various manipulation tactics in everyday life and therapeutic context.
Methods. The study used the Psychological Gender Inventory (A. Kuczyńska, 1992), and self-developed
questionnaire for evaluating the tendency to use manipulation tactics and a survey evaluating manipulation
in therapeutic contact. The studied group included: 30 patients with diagnosed BPD, 30 people a
control group and 125 therapists.
Results. The study of psychological gender showed that in the patient group the level of masculinity was
significantly lower. Results showed that 88% of the therapists participating in the study confirmed that
they have experienced manipulation attempts from patients. The therapists assessed the tendency of patients
to use manipulation tactics as greater than it was declared by the patients themselves. When compared
to the control group, the patients indeed demonstrated a greater tendency to use the tactics of begging,
threatening and threatening to break a close relationship and a lesser tendency to use the tactic of
seduction. In the view of the therapists, during therapy patients most often used the tactics of lying and
guilt induction.
Conclusions. Manipulation is frequently used by BPD patients both in everyday life and in therapeutic
contact. The most common reasons for using manipulation is to obtain benefits and to avoid negative
consequences. It is necessary to conduct further research in this field and educate those who work with
psychiatric patients in order to make them develop the ability to detect manipulation attempts and cope
with such tactics
Sexual functioning and psychological situation of women suffering from vulvodynia
Wstęp. Wulwodynia to choroba polegająca na odczuwaniu bólu lub dyskomfortu o różnym nasileniu
w okolicy narządów płciowych kobiet. Badania pokazują, że może na nią cierpieć ponad 12% kobiet. Choroba
ta ma charakter chroniczny, w związku z czym wywiera istotny wpływ na sytuację psychologiczną
kobiet. Celem badań było sprawdzenie sytuacji psychologicznej oraz funkcjonowania seksualnego kobiet
z wulwodynią, a także weryfikacja hipotezy mówiącej o różnej częstości występowania wulwodynii w
zależności od płci psychologicznej chorej.
Materiał i metody. W badaniu wykorzystano autorskie narzędzie oceniające sytuację psychologiczną kobiet
oraz jakość ich kontaktów z lekarzami, Inwentarz Płci Psychologicznej (IPP) autorstwa Kuczyńskiej
oraz Wielowymiarowy Test Seksualności Snella. Zbadano 30 kobiet cierpiących na wulwodynię (grupa
badawcza) oraz 30 kobiet zdrowych (grupa kontrolna).
Wyniki. W grupie kobiet cierpiących na wulwodynię przeważały kobiety o kobiecej płci psychologicznej.
Grupa badawcza znajdowała się ogólnie w gorszej sytuacji psychologicznej oraz cechowały ją gorsze
kontakty z lekarzami w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną. Kobiety chore na wulwodynię charakteryzowała
niższa wewnętrzna kontrola seksualności, większy poziom lęku przed seksem oraz przed związkami seksualnymi.
Wnioski. Tematyka wulwodynii powinna być zgłębiana, bowiem choroba ta istotnie zmienia życie wielu
kobiet. Ma ona zasadniczy wpływ na seksualność, samopoczucie, nastrój czy samoocenę cierpiących.
Niestety, chore rzadko otrzymują adekwatną pomoc. Konieczna jest więc edukacja środowisk medycznych
w zakresie wulwodynii.Introduction. Vulvodynia is a disease consisting in feeling a different level of pain and discomfort in the
region of the female genitalia. Studies show that over 12% women can suffer from this disorder. The disease
is chronic in its character and, as a result, has a significant impact on women’s psychological situation. The
aim of the research was to check the psychological situation and sexual functioning of women with vulvodynia
and to verify the hypothesis assuming a different prevalence of vulvodynia depending on the patient
psychological gender.
Materials and methods. The research was conducted using a proprietary tool for assessing the psychological
situation of women and the quality of physician-patient contacts, the Sex Role Inventory (IPP) developed by Kuczyńska and Multidimensional Sexuality Questionnaire (MSQ) by Snell. The study covered 30 women
suffering from vulvodynia (study group) and 30 healthy women (control group).
Results. In the group of women suffering from vulvodynia prevailed women with the feminine psychological
gender. The study group was generally in worse psychological situation and featured worse contacts with
physicians as compared with the control group. The women suffering from vulvodynia featured lower sexuality
self-control, higher level of sexual anxiety before sexual intercourses and the fear of sexual relationships.
Conclusions. The problems of vulvodynia require further research as the disease changes women’s lives
significantly. It has a fundamental impact on sexuality, physical and mental state and self-esteem of the suffering
women. Unfortunately, the patients very rarely receive adequate treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to
educate medical professionals on the problem of vulvodynia
The Phenomenon of Fifty Shades of Grey : the Role of Sexual Satisfaction and Motivation
In recent years we have been able to observe the phenomenon of Fifty Shades of Grey. This poses questions about why the primary, female target audience liked the book. In the presented study we asked what aspects of the book attract female attention, what they despise and how the book assessment relates to sexual
satisfaction or motivation. 217 respondents participated in the study. The variables analysed in the study included book assessment, sexual motivations, satisfaction and other features characterising individual sexuality. A positive assessment was negatively correlated with the respondents’ emotional satisfaction.
The respondents who read similar books assessed Fifty Shades of Grey higher and reported lower emotional satisfaction compared to those who did not read such books
Women’s knowledge concerning pelvic floor muscles
WSTĘP: Mięśnie dna miednicy to dla kobiety jedne z ważniejszych partii mięśni mogących mieć związek z poziomem satysfakcji seksualnej obojga partnerów, a w pewnym stopniu ułatwić poród drogami natury. W późniejszym wieku ich osłabienie może powodować takie dolegliwości, jak nietrzymanie moczu, kału czy obniżanie i wypadanie narządów rodnych. Dlatego bardzo ważne jest, aby utrzymywać je w odpowiedniej kondycji, wykonując we właściwy sposób adekwatne ćwiczenia. Celem pracy było określenie stanu wiedzy kobiet na temat mięśni dna miednicy oraz analiza zależności między wykonywaniem ćwiczeń a problemem nietrzymania moczu, satysfakcją seksualną oraz częstotliwością osiągania orgazmów.
MATERIAŁ I METODY: Zbadano grupę 726 kobiet. Wykorzystano autorską ankietę dotyczącą wiedzy na temat mięśni dna miednicy oraz doświadczeń badanych z ćwiczeniami tych partii mięśni.
WYNIKI: 80% badanych wiedziało, gdzie znajdują się mięśnie dna miednicy, 73% znało ich funkcje. Tylko połowa badanych kobiet ćwiczyła je jednak kiedykolwiek. Najczęstszy sposób ćwiczenia mięśni dna miednicy to ich skurcze. Dodatkowo wynik badania pokazał, że kobiety, które ćwiczyły mięśnie dna miednicy, częściej osiągały orgazmy podczas stosunku oraz miały istotnie wyższą satysfakcję z życia seksualnego w porównaniu z kobietami nigdy niećwiczącymi tych partii mięśni.
WNIOSKI: Ważna jest edukacja kobiet dotycząca budowy, funkcji oraz istotności mięśni dna miednicy, tak aby więcej kobiet wykonywało te ćwiczenia. Istnieje potrzeba dokładnej edukacji kobiet, w jaki sposób powinny wykonywać skuteczne ćwiczenia tych partii mięśni.INTRODUCTION: Pelvic floor muscles are among the most important muscle parts for women; they can also be linked with the level of sexual satisfaction derived by both partners and they can facilitate natural birth. Later in life, their weakness may lead to such problems as urinary and fecal incontinence, as well as lowering and prolapse of reproductive organs. For this reason, it is very important to maintain good condition of pelvic floor muscles by performing suitable exercises in a proper way. The purpose of this work was to determine the level of knowledge of women regarding pelvic floor muscles, as well as to analyze the relation between exercising and urinary incontinence, sexual satisfaction and frequency of experienced orgasms.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: 726 women were tested. During the study, the author used her own survey regarding pelvic floor muscles and experience related to exercising these muscle parts.
RESULTS: 80% of patients knew the location of the pelvic floor muscles and 73% were aware of their functions. However, only half of the patients ever exercised them. The most frequent method of exercising pelvic floor muscles involves their contracting. Moreover, the study showed that women who exercised their pelvic floor muscles climaxed more often during intercourse and felt higher satisfaction with their sexual life compared to women who never performed exercises of these muscle parts.
CONCLUSIONS: It is important to educate women regarding the structure, functions and the significance of pelvic floor muscles so that more women start performing these exercises. There is a need to apply precise education regarding how to effectively exercise these muscle parts
Sexual functioning and psychological situation of women suffering from vulvodynia
Introduction.Introduction.Introduction.Introduction.Introduction. Vulvodynia is a disease consisting in feeling a different level of pain and discomfort in the region of the female genitalia. Studies show that over 12% women can suffer from this disorder. The disease is chronic in its character and, as a result, has a significant impact on women’s psychological situation. The aim of the research was to check the psychological situation and sexual functioning of women with vulvo-dynia and to verify the hypothesis assuming a different prevalence of vulvodynia depending on the patient psychological gender.
Materials and methods.Materials and methods.Materials and methods.Materials and methods.Materials and methods. The research was conducted using a proprietary tool for assessing the psycholo-gical situation of women and the quality of physician-patient contacts, the Sex Role Inventory (IPP) developed by Kuczyńska and Multidimensional Sexuality Questionnaire (MSQ) by Snell. The study covered 30 wo-men suffering from vulvodynia (study group) and 30 healthy women (control group).
Results.Results.Results.Results.Results. In the group of women suffering from vulvodynia prevailed women with the feminine psychological gender. The study group was generally in worse psychological situation and featured worse contacts with physicians as compared with the control group. The women suffering from vulvodynia featured lower sexu-ality self-control, higher level of sexual anxiety before sexual intercourses and the fear of sexual relationships. Conclusions. Conclusions. Conclusions. Conclusions. Conclusions. The problems of vulvodynia require further research as the disease changes women’s lives significantly. It has a fundamental impact on sexuality, physical and mental state and self-esteem of the suffe-ring women. Unfortunately, the patients very rarely receive adequate treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to educate medical professionals on the problem of vulvodynia
Women’s knowledge concerning pelvic floor muscles
ntroduction: Pelvic floor muscles are among the most important muscle parts for women; they can also be linked with the level of sexual satisfaction derived by both partners and they can facilitate natural birth. Later in life, their weakness may lead to such problems as urinary and fecal incontinence, as well as low-ering and prolapse of reproductive organs. For this reason, it is very important to maintain good condition of pelvic floor muscles by performing suitable exercises in a proper way. The purpose of this work was to determine the level of knowledge of women regarding pelvic floor muscles, as well as to analyze the relation between exercising and urinary incontinence, sexual satisfaction and frequency of experienced orgasms. Material and methods: 726 women were tested. During the study, the author used her own survey regarding pelvic floor muscles and experience related to exercising these muscle parts.
Results: 80% of patients knew the location of the pelvic floor muscles and 73% were aware of their functions. However, only half of the patients ever exercised them. The most frequent method of exercising pelvic floor muscles involves their contracting. Moreover, the study showed that women who exercised their pelvic floor muscles climaxed more often during intercourse and felt higher satisfaction with their sexual life compared to women who never performed exercises of these muscle parts. Conclusions: It is important to educate women regarding the structure, functions and the significance of pelvic floor muscles so that more women start performing these exercises. There is a need to apply precise education regarding how to effectively exercise these muscle parts