The Rise of Institutional Mortgage Lending in Early Nineteenth-Century New Haven

This paper presents original primary research on mortgage lending in New Haven, Connecticut in the early nineteenth century. It observes a shift in the market at 1837: lending institutions abruptly began to make significant volumes of mortgage loans to non-elite individuals with less wealth and social standing. Before 1837, these institutions primarily made loans to the city’s social and economic elite. The paper uses this shift as a case study in local financial development, placing particular emphasis on the role of local political institutions in facilitating economic growth

Late onset grief and loss from having an abortion

The purpose of this study was to inform and educate social workers about the mental and emotional stress that comes from having an abortion. It looked at the levels of grief and loss reported by women who had an abortion three or more years ago

Compounding vs Standardized Commercial Parenteral Nutrition Product: Pros and Cons

Standardized commercial parenteral nutrition (PN) formulations have advantages and disadvantages as compared with PN formulations compounded using an automated compounding device. These advantages and disadvantages are discussed along with the supporting available research

Corneal biomechanical response following collagen cross-linking with Rose Bengal-green light and riboflavin-UVA

10 págs.; 9 figs. ; Open Access funded by Creative Commons Atribution Licence 4.0To compare the biomechanical corneal response of two different corneal cross-linking (CXL) treatments, rose bengal¿green light (RGX) and riboflavin-UVA (UVX), using noninvasive imaging.Supported by the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program ERC Advanced Grant agreement no. 294099; Comunidad de Madrid and EU Marie Curie COFUND program (FP7/2007-2013/REA 291820); and the Spanish Government Grant FIS2014-56643-R.Peer Reviewe

Toward new engagement paradigms for intraocular lenses: Light-initiated bonding of capsular bag to lens materials

8 págs.; 5 figs.© 2015 The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc. PURPOSE. Successful intraocular lens procedures, that is, implantation of accommodating intraocular lenses (A-IOL), require firm engagement of the IOL haptics to the capsular bag. We evaluated the use of photochemical bonding to engage IOL materials to the capsular bag. METHODS. Freshly enucleated eyes of New Zealand rabbits were used in two types of photobonding experiments using Rose Bengal (RB) photoinitiation and green light (532-nm) irradiation. First, RB-stained capsular bag strips were photobonded ex vivo to IOL polymer [poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) pHEMA] strips in an atmosphere of air and of nitrogen. Second, IOLs were implanted intracapsularly and photobonded intraocularly. Irradiation times were between 30 and 180 seconds, and laser irradiance was between 0.25 and 0.65 W/cm2. The strength of the bonding was tested using a custom-developed uniaxial extensiometry system and the breakage load (the load that caused breakage per bonded area) was calculated. RESULTS. The breakage load of ex vivo capsule–pHEMA bonds increased exponentially with irradiation time, using 0.45 W/cm2. In air, the average breakage load across all conditions was 1 g/mm2 and 1.6 times lower than that in a nitrogen atmosphere. Intraocularly, RB-stained IOLs were strongly photobonded to the capsule bag with breakage loads > 0.8 g/mm2. CONCLUSIONS. Breakage of the photobonded linkage between IOL material and capsular bag required loads substantially greater than the maximum force of ciliary muscle, suggesting that this technology may introduce a new paradigm for engagement of A-IOLs. The bonding produced in air was stronger than that in nitrogen atmosphere, suggesting that oxygen is involved in the chemical mechanism for photobonding.Supported by European Research Council (ERC) EU Seventh Framework Program (FP/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement, ERC- 2011-AdC 294099 (SM), Spanish Government Grants FIS2011- 25637 (SM) and FIS2013-49544-EXP (CD), and Juan de la Cierva postdoctoral fellowship (JL).Peer Reviewe

Photochemical bonding of epithelial cell-seeded collagen lattice to rat muscle layer for esophageal tissue engineering - A pilot study

The photochemical bonding of cell-seeded collagen lattice to muscle layer in rat, was investigated for esophageal tissue engineering. The esophageal epithelial cells of the rat were seeded on collagen lattice and together with the latissimus dorsi muscle layer, were exposed to a photosensitizer rose Bengal at the bonding surface. The photochemical bonding was found to significantly increase the adherence at the bonding interface without compromising the cell viability. The results show integration of the collagen lattice with the muscle layer at the bonding interface although the subsequent surgical manipulation disturbed the integration at some region.published_or_final_versio

Rethinking project selection at the Monterey Bay Aquarium

The article of record as published may be found at https://www.jstor.org/stable/25062652In 1995, the Monterey Bay Aquarium started an experimental business unit called Electronic Outreach. Electronic Outreach's mission was to employ emerging technologies to deliver the aquarium's messages of ocean stewardship to diverse and scattered audiences. Faced with many projects from which to choose, the Electronic Outreach team wanted to determine which projects were most likely to succeed before they actually had to dedicate resources to development. We constructed two models to help them accomplish this: a multiattribute-value model to quantify a project's alignment with the aquarium's mission and a discounted-cash-flow model to quantify a project's viability as a business venture. We then combined the outputs of these two models into a two-dimensional frame work to allow the Electronic Outreach team members to focus on monetary-nonmonetary trade-offs when evaluating potential projects