Main determinants of shaping the quality of air transport services

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to demonstrate the impact of the most important determinants on the selection of the best quality variant of the air service level, depending on the proposed price, standard, comfort, service quality, loyalty, scope of additional services and other criteria. Design/Methodology/Approach: Research on the determinants governing the choice of the air travel segment is based on available literature, statistical documentation, IATA and ULC, Airbus and Boeing, and mainly based on own empirical research. The tests carried out using the diagnostic survey method included two comparable periods in 2011 and 2018. They were carried out on a group of 321 passengers, who started their journey at Katowice-Pyrzowice, Kraków-Balice, Rzeszów-Jasionka and Lublin-Świdnik airports. Findings: The undertaken research based on own empirical study demonstrates the decisive importance of quality in creating the unique services and added value. The effectiveness of reasons determining the passengers’ movements between traditional and low-cost carriers, was also demonstrated as a result of the improvement of consumer service in internal, intersegmental and inter-branch conditions of competition. Practical Implications: The key determinant of obtaining a competitive market advantage by service providers is the improvement of passenger service quality at the departure port, on the aircraft and at the destination port. The skill and effectiveness of this dominant use is demonstrated by the level of elimination of unfavorable features of the service already in the design phase, the dimension of the outflow of loyal passengers to competitors, the number of new increments and the expansion of loyal customers, which is expressed in a synthetic way by the increase in purchases. Originality/Value: Comparison of services of traditional air carriers with the low-cost carriers on the polish market. Data can be compared with other countries.peer-reviewe

Model of Polish market of passenger air services in the conditions of EU standards

Purpose: The aim of the conducted research was to systematize the interdependencies existing on the market of air services and to identify the stimulators concerning models of sustainable development on this basis. . Design/Methodology/Approach: Research on the determinants governing the choice of the air travel segment is based on available literature, analysis and statistical documentation of the air transport market for the years 2003-2017. The following hypothesis was adopted: possibility of survival and development of passenger air transport companies on the market, in the conditions of globalization, is attributed only to those entities that are able to construct an effective strategy of competing and improving economic efficiency. Findings: The search for effective solutions to this problem on the passenger air transport markets required active participation in complex structures of mutual connections as a result of dynamic variability of relations between its participants. Practical Implications: The anticipated effect of this process will be creation of a new transport segment, in which the most effective and the most attractive elements of consumer service, which was defined as the central segment, will be developed. Increasing intensity of market competition leads to the intensification of the process of mutual adaptation of innovations and the best solutions existing on the market by some entities, as a result of which the differences in consumer service and changes in the structure of the sector are evened out. Originality/Value: This work includes the analysis of the process of creating and strengthening the market advantage in conditions of changes in the structure and functioning of the European air transport market after enlargement of the European Union. The model of the dependence of demand preferences on the price and comfort of services as well as evolution of airline operation models, was presented.peer-reviewe

Polityka turystyczna województwa lubelskiego realizowana przez Urząd Marszałkowski

The aim of the study was characteristic regional tourism in Lubelskie Voivodeship, which implemented the Marshal Office. The desk research method was used in the paper. Lubelskie Voivodeship has several strategies, in which one of the important element is the tourism sector. In a short time, it will be released dedicated exclusively to tourism ”Programme for the tourist development of in the Lubelskie Voivodeship by 2020 with the prospect of 2030”. For the few years Departments in the Marshal Office were caring for the formation of a positive image and promotion Voivodeship in the Polish and international market. Their actions encourage tourists to visit the area. Many tasks associated with increasing tourist attractiveness of the Voivodeship, modernization of tourist development and respect for the environment, natural and anthropogenic values appeared in the Strategies. With available for the Voivodeship new EU-programs will be made part of measures to increase the competitiveness of the regions in Poland

Low-cost transport selection model on the Polish airline services market

PURPOSE: The aim of the research was to show the importance of factors determining the selection of a low-cost air carrier by Polish passengers, characteristic for individual age groups of respondents, and to determine the characteristics of Polish market for this segment of services.DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The research used the method of a diagnostic survey using a tool in the form of original questionnaire. The research was carried out in 2019 at all Polish airports and 1060 were used for statistical calculations.FINDINGS: Five of the eight determinants of choosing a low-cost carrier were included in the discrimination model. Statistically significant discriminant differences in the studied groups were: large number of connections (F=27.395; p<0.001); ability to use sales promotion (F=9.65; p<0.001); departure from regional port (F=9.320; p<0.001); opportunity to purchase auxiliary services on the carrier’s website (F=3.197; p=0.023); ticket price (F=2.669; p=0.046).PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The research shows that one of the key determinants of choosing a low-cost carrier is relatively low price of the flight. In addition, young people aged 18-30 years, besides the price, also pay attention to the number of connections. For people aged 31-45 and 46-60, one of the most important determinants of air travel are sales promotions, while for the oldest age group (>60 years), it is important to leave the regional port, which is close to where they live. It is also worth noting that Polish passengers attach less importance to the safety and punctuality of flights.ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Results of the conducted analyses allowed to determine the degree of general importance of individual determinants in the selection of the carrier and hierarchy of their detailed significance for people in particular age ranges.peer-reviewe

Selected factors determining the development of the tourist services market in Poland

PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to characterize and systematize selected determinants of the development of the tourist services market in Poland. It is used to present various concepts of factors, connections and stimulators of the tourism market.DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The configuration and scope of the research process were based on available literature, statistical data, empirical calculations, and experiences of scientists dealing with the tourism market. The research results of the Central Statistical Office, the Polish Economic Institute,etc. were used.FINDINGS: The need for actions to improve the functioning of the tourism market has been demonstrated, including: limiting seasonality in tourist traffic, increasing the consumption of tourist services by foreign tourists, technological innovations in the field of digitization and "big data", etc.PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The necessity, comprehensiveness and universality of research are becoming a modern requirement for the effectiveness of analyzes of the functioning of the tourism market. The issue of the impact of selected factors in the development of the tourism market in Poland presented in the study is aimed at: increasing its competitiveness compared to other countries in Europe and the world, increasing the tax revenues of the state budget from tourism, increasing the share of tourism in GDP.ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The adopted course of analysis of the impact of selected factors in the development of the tourism market shows a further need to conduct comprehensive research, both theoretical and practical. In order to gain a competitive advantage in the development of the tourism market, activities for its development in the field of new technologies, e.g. digitization and "big data" calculations, should be strengthened.peer-reviewe

The Use of Simple Language in Informal Forest Education as a Key to the Correct Interpretation of Sustainable Forest Management&mdash;The Experience of Poland

In view of the increasing conflict between society and forest management and a significant increase in the social functions of the forest, informal forest education is becoming increasingly important. In Poland, it is carried out mainly based on the field educational infrastructure, which consists, among other things, of forest educational paths equipped with educational boards. The paper presents the results of research on the assessment of the availability of texts presented on educational boards. The study was conducted on the basis of photographs of educational boards located on six educational paths in the forests of the Regional Directorate of State Forests in Lublin. Using the Google Lans application, the main text from each board was read and then analyzed in the Promovolt software program to determine the level of text accessibility using the Fog Index. The results were then compared with the opinion of respondents using an online survey, which indicated that most of the boards are written in language that is either simple, understandable to middle/high school students, or quite difficult but understandable to first-degree students. On the other hand, the respondents generally indicated the level of accessibility of the text to be easier because, in their opinion, it is enough to have a primary education to understand the content of the boards. This observation leads to the conclusion that in order for education to be more effective, simple language should be used, which can be understood by the less educated members of the population

Residual Effects of Different Cropping Systems on Physicochemical Properties and the Activity of Phosphatases of Soil

Soil plays a key role in sustainable land management and food production. The objective of the field experiment was to evaluate the subsequent effect of 10-year winter wheat and sugar beet cultivation under conventional and organic systems on selected physicochemical and biochemical properties and enzymatic pH index of lessive soil developed from loess under climatic conditions of Southeastern Poland. The experiment was set up by using the split-plot design, with three replications, on plots of 30 m2. In order to evaluate the soil value of sites cultivated in 2010–2019 in two systems—conventional agriculture and organic agriculture—spring wheat was sown as a test crop in 2020. Fertilization and pesticide applications (herbicides, fungicides and insecticides) were foregone in the cultivation of this crop due to the desire to capture the subsequent impact of 2010–2019. This resulted in soil properties shaped solely by the previous 10 years of cultivation. The obtained results indicate that the organic farming system contributed to the improvement of soil pHKCl compared to the conventional system, with statistically significant differences recorded only for winter wheat cultivation. Compared to the conventional system, in the organic farming system, improvements were recorded in the chemical indicators of loess soil quality (TOC, TN and TOC/TN) and P content, as well as acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activities. However, statistically significant differences were found only for winter wheat cultivation. Research on the impact of an organic system of growing different species in rotation should be continued, and the results should be implemented

OCENA AKTYWNOŚCI FIZYCZNEJ GIMNAZJALISTÓW W PUŁAWACH

Celem przeprowadzonych badań była ocena aktywności fizycznej młodzieży gimnazjalnej z uwzględnieniem różnicy płci, oraz analiza oferty szkół w zakresie wypracowania postaw prorekreacyjnych wśród młodzieży gimnazjalnej. Badaniami objęto 300 uczniów szkół gimnazjalnych funkcjonujących w Puławach. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników badań stwierdzono, że uczniowie oceniają dobrze swoją kondycję fizyczną i uważają, że w większości prowadzą aktywny tryb życia. Natomiast dalsze badania wskazują, że w wolnym czasie wybierają raczej bierne formy wypoczynku. Stwierdzono również znaczne różnice w przejawianych tendencjach do rekreacji wśród dziewcząt i chłopców oraz zbyt małe uczestnictwo rodziców i nauczycieli w procesie wypracowywania postaw prozdrowotnych wśród badanej młodzieży.The aim of the study was to evaluate physical activity lower secondary school students. The difference in gender are included in research. Schools offers in terms of teaching prorecreation attitudes among youth students have been analyzed. The study included 300 students from Puławy middle schools Based on the obtained results, it was found that students positively evaluate their physical condition. Most students believe that they lead an active lifestyle. But further research indicates that students choose more passive forms of rest in their free time. Girls and boys chose other forms of recreation. Too little participation of parents and teachers in the process of teaching healthy attitudes among surveyed youth has been established

Contemporary Challenges to the Organic Farming: A Polish and Hungarian Case Study

From year to year, there is an increasing demand for agricultural produce from certified organic farms. However, Poland and Hungary’s demand for this product is almost twenty times smaller than in Western European countries. The greater the demand by consumers for organic farming products, the more agricultural producers decide to switch from conventional farming to organic farming, and this farming is more environmentally friendly because it uses energy and natural resources responsibly, maintains biodiversity, maintains regional ecological balance, improves soil food, and maintains good water quality. This research aimed to compare the motives and barriers to running organic farms in Poland and Hungary, and the challenges farmers must face to undertake the trouble of running an organic farm. The research was carried out among 400 Polish and 400 Hungarian farmers running organic farms. For statistical calculations, discriminant analysis, as well as single-base and chain indices, were used. The main barriers for establishing organic farms: the necessity to adapt one’s farm to the EU requirements, using only natural fertilizers, low yields, the lack of proper advice, and a high degree of bureaucracy. Therefore, for organic farming to develop, further education is needed, both for farmers and consumers. An important aspect is improving the quality of the regulations and simplifying the administrative burden related to organic farming