224 research outputs found

    The Performance of Knowledge: Pointing and Knowledge in Powerpoint Presentations

    Get PDF
    Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugÀnglich.This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.Powerpoint and similar technologies have contributed to a profound transformation of lecturing and presenting information. In focusing on pointing in powerpoint presentations, the article addresses aspects of this transformation of speech into 'presentations'. As opposed to popular attacks against powerpoint, the analysis of a large number of audio-visually recorded presentations (mainly in German) demonstrates the creativity of these 'performances', based on the interplay of slides (and other aspects of this technology), speech, pointing and body formations. Pointing seems to be a particular feature of this kind of presentation, allowing knowledge to be located in space. Considering powerpoint as one of the typical technologies of so-called 'knowledge societies', this aspect provides some indication as to the social understanding of knowledge. Instead of 'representing' reality, knowledge is defined by the circularity of speaking and showing, thus becoming presented knowledge rather than representing knowledge

    Communication Work: information society and work in 'postmodern organisations'

    Full text link
    Within sociology and economy, the 'Information society' has become an important category characterising current trends in modern society. Although a huge amount of quantitative data has been gathered in order to assess the ongoing changes, one of the key features of information society, 'information work' (by which "information workers" are defmed) still needs clarification. Especially the question of how the quality of information work can be determined is still considered to be open. On the background of this discussion, it is argued that a clarification of the notion of 'information work' can be gained by looking 'Workplace Studies'. Focusing on the 'centres of co-ordination', they study work activities in what may be said the paradigmatic form of organisation in the 'information society'. However, instead of work being guided and determined by information technologies, it turns out to be rather situational, being characterised by contextual contingencies and the logic of interaction. For this reason, the concept of 'communicative work' is suggested which accounts for the situatedness of work processes, their contextual rationality and essential social interactivity

    Metaphors, transcendence and indirect communication: Alfred Schutz' phenomenology of the life-world and the metaphors of religion

    Full text link
    Ein entscheidendes Theorem bringt Knoblauch in den Diskurs ein (Der Beitrag ist auf weite Strecken eine kontextuelle Darstellung der phĂ€nomenologischen Symboltheorie von Alfred SchĂŒtz). Nach Ansicht des Interaktionismus konstituieren nicht ontologische Strukturen der Objekte die RealitĂ€t, sondern ausschließlich die Erfahrung des Menschen. Dementsprechend hafte, so SchĂŒtz, auch religiösen Symbolen keinerlei ontologische QualitĂ€t an (wie dies u.a. die Fundamentaltheologie behauptet), sondern seien Teil gewöhnlicher Alltagswelt oder sogenannter "finiter Bedeutungsprovinzen". Was dann aber mit der Transzendenz bzw. transzendentalen Erfahrung des Menschen, fragt sich der Leser? Unter Berufung auf Husserl (als "IntentionalitĂ€t des Bewusstseins" liege Transzendenz jeder Erfahrung zugrunde) weist SchĂŒtz die Ebene religiöser Erfahrung (die Rede ist von "Ekstase", "Meditation" etc.) phĂ€nomenologisch der sogenannten "großen Transzendenz" (als Kategorie der Beziehungen zu etwas außerhalb von Erfahrbarem) zu. Diese Erfahrung mag dem Einzelnen zwar subjektiv erscheinen, sei aber im Grunde ausschließlich Teil eines, im Laufe der Geschichte entwickelten Symbolisationsprozesses und folglich rein symbolisch vermittelt durch sogenannte "Symbolsysteme" oder "-universien" (Kunst, Kultur, Religion etc.), ursprĂŒngliche Paradigmata oder Essenzen, aus denen sich spĂ€ter philosophisch-wissenschaftliche Konzepte entwickelten. Daraus kann, wie das Luckmann (1991) in 'Die Unsichtbare Religion' vorexerziert hat, eine völlige Reduktion, ja Regression von Religion in eine funktionalistisch-anthropologische Kategorien konstruiert werden, womit dann die Frage im Raum steht, ob damit heuristische Relevanz ernsthaft noch beansprucht werden kann. Hinsichtlich der Kommunizierbarkeit religiöser Symbole zeigt der Autor große Skepsis: Sie sei nicht direkt und unmittelbar möglich, könne aber "re-konstruiert" werden – recht verstanden wohl durch die metaphorische Ausgestaltung, mehr andeutend denn Aussagen treffend. (methaphorik.de, 05/2003

    Videography: analysing video data as a ‘focused’ ethnographic and hermeneutical exercise

    Get PDF
    Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugĂ€nglich.This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.Visual research methods are becoming increasingly important for qualitative studies. Within this dynamically expanding field, methods for analysing ‘natural’ video recordings have developed considerably over the past decades. In this article we discuss methodological aspects of general importance for any analysis of this type of video data. Being a fundamentally interpretive method, our first argument is that sequential analysis is always a hermeneutic endeavour, which requires methodical understanding. The second refers to data collection. We stress that, in addition to sequential analysis, the ethnographic dimension of video analysis should be taken into account methodologically. Video analysis requires, thirdly, a systematic account of the subjectivity, both of the actors analysed as well as of the analysts. Our arguments are grounded in extensive data from several studies, including the communicative genre of powerpoint presentations, commemoration rituals and public events. Selected data fragments are presented here to support our claims. Building upon this expertise, we propose further improvement of video analysis methodology by reflecting on our own practice of analysing video in data sessions (i.e. the ‘video analysis of video analysis’)

    Video and vision: videography of a Marian apparition

    Get PDF
    Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugÀnglich.This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.In this article, we sketch the field of qualitative video-analysis and locate videography within this. Instead of presenting the methods of videography formally, we illustrate the application of this method in a particular field: Marian apparitions occurring in a German town in 1999, captured live on video. The presentation of the method in this paper follows a general methodological structure. (1) We first outline the ethnographic context of the setting in which the video-recordings were made. This context includes actors, religious associations, and locations as well as some aspects of the apparitional events' historical genesis. (2) We then turn to look at the performance of the Marian vision as recorded in the video. By applying sequential analysis, we roughly identify a temporal order to the event, which exhibits an interesting deviation from earlier forms of apparitions due to the way it takes a subjectively spiritual form. This finding leads us to finally (3) address the role of the subjective perspective that, as we argue, is a further essential dimension of videography. It is on this level that we are made aware of the relevance of the life-world as a methodological background for the kind of interpretive social science that takes the actor's perspective into account

    Comparison, Refiguration, and Multiple Spatialities

    Get PDF
    Ausgehend von den empirischen BeitrĂ€gen der FQS-Themenschwerpunkte "Refiguration von RĂ€umen und interkultureller Vergleich" erlĂ€utern wir, was mit "Refiguration von Raum" gemeint ist und wie Vergleiche dazu dienen können, die Refiguration von Raum zu untersuchen. Wir gehen der Frage nach, wie der gegenwĂ€rtige gesellschaftliche Wandel rĂ€umlich verstanden und erklĂ€rt werden kann. Dabei gehen wir davon aus, dass die rĂ€umliche Dynamik von Spannungen und Konflikten zwischen verschiedenen Raumfiguren angetrieben wird, die zu einer Refiguration fĂŒhren. Indem die Konflikthaftigkeit des sozialen Wandels im Raum erfasst wird, ergĂ€nzt "Refiguration" die eher lineare Vorstellung von "Globalisierung". Die Notwendigkeit, ihre konstitutiven Teilprozesse der Mediatisierung, Translokalisierung und Polykontexturalisierung empirisch zu belegen, wirft die Frage auf, wie Refiguration im globalen Maßstab insbesondere anhand von Fallstudien und systematischen Vergleichen untersucht werden kann. In Bezug auf die Artikel in diesem Schwerpunkt schlagen wir vor, sich auf "Wissen" anstelle von "Kultur" als Hauptbezugspunkt fĂŒr den Vergleich zu konzentrieren. Wir fĂŒhren den Begriff der "multiplen RĂ€umlichkeit" ein, mit dem ein solcher Vergleich erreicht werden kann. So kann der PluralitĂ€t der Perspektiven von Beobachter*innen, die rĂ€umliche PhĂ€nomene vergleichen sowie der Vielfalt der rĂ€umlichen Anordnungen innerhalb der auf globaler Ebene anzutreffenden Refigurationsvarianten Rechnung getragen werden.Drawing on the empirical contributions of the FQS thematic issues on "The Refiguration of Spaces and Cross-Cultural Comparison," we specify what is meant by "refiguration of space" and how comparisons can serve to study the refiguration of space. We address the question of how current social change can be understood and explained in spatial terms. Moreover, these spatial dynamics are driven by tensions and conflict between different Raumfiguren [spatial figures] that result in refiguration. By capturing the conflictual nature of the social change in space, "refiguration" complements the rather linear idea of "globalization." The necessity to empirically substantiate its constitutive sub-processes of mediatization, translocalization, and polycontexturalization raises the question of how refiguration can be studied on a global scale particularly on the basis of case studies and systematic comparisons. With reference to the articles in this thematic issue, we suggest to focus on "knowledge" instead of "culture" as a major reference for comparison. We introduce the notion of "multiple spatialities" by which such a comparison can be achieved, which accounts for the plurality of perspectives of observers comparing spatial phenomena and for the multiplicity of spatial arrangements within the varieties of refiguration to be found on the global scale

    The Re-Figuration of Spaces and Refigured Modernity - Concept and Diagnosis

    Get PDF
    In this essay we want to make a contribution to developing further the spatial research in social theory by looking at spatial processes of change and the tensions involved conceptually and diagnostically as re-figuration of spaces. Starting from an outline of the key concept “re-figuration,” we go on to argue that re-figuration is not just a general concept adapted to spaces, but a fundamental spatio-temporal concept. In a third and fourth part we will address relations between spatial figures and introduce empirically sensitizing hypotheses on mediatization, translocalization, and polycontexturalization in order to show tendencies in the dynamics of change. We will speak of “re-figuration” to refer to various socio-historical processes of spatial change, while “refigured modernity” refers to the diagnosis of the increasing tension between different dominant social figuration as the reason for the current re-figuration which will be outlined on the basis of recent research

    Soziologie der SpiritualitÀt

    Full text link
    Zur gegenwĂ€rtigen SpiritualitĂ€t gehört (1) eine entschiedene Orientierung an den subjektiven Erfahrungen, die als besonders und herausragend gedeutet werden. (2) Quellen dieser Deutung sind vor allem in der alternativen ReligiositĂ€t zu suchen, die sich aus den nicht hegemonialen (östlichen, archaischen, okkulten, mystischen etc.) Traditionen der Religion zusammensetzen. (3) Distanz zur Dogmatik religiöser Großorganisationen und eine Tendenz zum Anti-Institutionalismus verbinden sich mit (4) einer Betonung der religiösen Autonomie des Individuums und damit einem ausgeprĂ€gten weltanschaulichen Individualismus. Die Erfahrungsorientierung ermöglicht (5) eine Art der Ganzheitlichkeit, die die funktionale Differenziertheit fĂŒr die Einzelnen wieder zusammenhĂ€ngend deuten lĂ€sst. (6) Schließlich gibt es Hinweise darauf, dass "SpiritualitĂ€t" fĂŒr die Handelnden selbst zu einem Alternativbegriff fĂŒr Religion wird
    • 

    corecore