Three-Dimensional Comparison in Palatal Forms Between Modified Presurgical Nasoalveolar Molding Plate and Hotz's Plate Applied to the Infants With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate

AbstractThe presurgical nasoalveolar molding plate appliance with stent (PNAM) extended from the palatal molding plate; to correct the nostril shape of infants with cleft lip and palate is well known. The PNAM appliance is based on the finding that a high degree of plasticity is maintained in the cartilage of infants during the first 6 weeks after birth. However, on the current PNAM protocol described by Grayson et al. the nasal stent is supposed to be an adjunct to the palatal molding plate after reducing the severity of the alveolar cleft width. We have used the modified Hotz's plate from the setup model and built up the nasal stent even before reducing the severity of the alveolar deformity. In this study we assess the effects of the modified Hotz's plate and the modified PNAM appliance for the alveolar and palatal form. The lateral deviation of the incisal point, the width of the palatal cleft, and the degree of curvature of the palatal vault were first evaluated on plaster models. The PNAM group is smaller on the lateral deviation of the incisal point than the modified Hotz's group. The decreased average width of the palatal cleft and curvature of the palate, was almost the same in both the modified Hotz's and PNAM groups. In comparison with the modified Hotz's plate, the modified PNAM appliance also improves the molding of the alveolar segments and reduces cleft width

Estimation of the emission factors of PAHs by the traffic activities with the model of atmospheric dispersion and deposition from heavy traffic road

In order to consider the total atmospheric loadings of the PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) from traffic activities, the emission factors of PAHs were estimated and from the obtained emission factors and vehicle transportation statistics, total atmospheric loadings were integrated and the loadings into the water body were estimated on a regional scale. The atmospheric concentration of PAHs was measured at the roadside of a heavy traffic road in the Hiroshima area in Japan. The samplings were conducted in summer and winter. Atmospheric particulate matters (fine particle, 0.6~ 7 μm; coarse particle, over 7 μm) and their PAH concentration were measured. Also, four major emission sources (gasoline and diesel vehicle emissions, tire and asphalt debris) were assumed for vehicle transportation activities, the chemical mass balance method was applied and the source partitioning at the roadside was estimated. Furthermore, the dispersion of atmospheric particles from the vehicles was modelled and the emission factors of the sources were determined by the comparison to the chemical mass balance results. Based on emission factors derived from the modelling, an atmospheric dispersion model of nationwide scale (National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology - Atmospheric Dispersion Model for Exposure and Risk assessment: AIST-ADMER) was applied, and the atmospheric concentration and loading to the ground were calculated for the Hiroshima bay watershed area

Heian period accentuation as viewed from comparison of modern dialects : Especially bimoraic nouns

ORIGINAL PAPER金田一春彦, 1937, 「現代諸方言の比較から観た平安朝アクセント―特に二音節名詞に就て―」, 『方言』7 (6), pp. 329-371.KINDAICHI, Haruhiko, 1937, Gendai shohōgen-no hikaku-kara mita Heianchō akusento ―Toku-ni ni-onsetsu meishi-nitsuite―, Hōgen 7 (6), pp. 329-371.Translated by Wayne Lawrence (The University of Auckland)Proofed by Timothy J. Vance (Komatsu University

PAHs contents in road dusts on principal roads collected nationwide in Japan and their influential factors

54 Road dust samples were collected in principal roads (n=37) and residential roads (n=17) nationwide in Japan from March 2010 to November 2012. Sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and ignition loss (IL) were determined. The total PAHs contents ranged from 62 to 6,325 ng g-1 with a geometric mean of 484 ng g-1. The IL ranged from 0.8-17% with a mean of 6%. The PAHs contents were correlated with the IL contents, and the IL contents were dependent on the population density. From the PAHs patterns analysis, the PAHs of road dust is considered to be majorly from the diesel emissions

Biomass Yield Efficiency of the Marine Anammox Bacterium, “Candidatus Scalindua sp.,” is Affected by Salinity

The growth rate and biomass yield efficiency of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria are markedly lower than those of most other autotrophic bacteria. Among the anammox bacterial genera, the growth rate and biomass yield of the marine anammox bacterium “Candidatus Scalindua sp.” is still lower than those of other anammox bacteria enriched from freshwater environments. The activity and growth of marine anammox bacteria are generally considered to be affected by the presence of salinity and organic compounds. Therefore, in the present study, the effects of salinity and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) on the anammox activity, inorganic carbon uptake, and biomass yield efficiency of “Ca. Scalindua sp.” enriched from the marine sediments of Hiroshima Bay, Japan, were investigated in batch experiments. Differences in VFA concentrations (0–10 mM) were observed under varying salinities (0.5%–4%). Anammox activity was high at 0.5%–3.5% salinity, but was 30% lower at 4% salinity. In addition, carbon uptake was higher at 1.5%–3.5% salinity. The results of the present study clearly demonstrated that the biomass yield efficiency of the marine anammox bacterium “Ca. Scalindua sp.” was significantly affected by salinity. On the other hand, the presence of VFAs up to 10 mM did not affect anammox activity, carbon uptake, or biomass yield efficiency.This research was partially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Fellows (T. Awata)

Stormwater inflow loading of PAHs into urban domestic wastewater treatment plant for separate sewer system

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are common contaminants present in wastewater, and determination of their sources is important for their management in the environment. In this study, stormwater loading of PAHs during rainfall periods was evaluated for sewage inflow into a wastewater treatment plant for separate sewer system. To accomplish this, sewage inflow volumes, suspended solid concentrations, and PAH concentrations were measured during eight rainfall events and on two no-rainfall days at the inlet of the plant. Based on a comparison between the rainfall and no-rainfall loading quantified by the measurements, excess PAH loadings with stormwater were evaluated for the rainfall events. The relationship between rainfall intensity and stormwater loading was then used to evaluate long-term stormwater loadings of water and PAHs. Their contributions to the sewage inflow were 0.7 % and 1.0 % for one-year for water and the sum of 16 measured PAHs, respectively. Our measurements and estimates demonstrate that direct stormwater inflow is not a primary source of PAHs to the plant for this separate sewer system.This work was supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI Grant Numbers 19760372

Ecophysiological Role and Function of Uncultured Chloroflexi in an Anammox Reactor

The coexistence of uncultured heterotrophic bacteria belonging to the phylum Chloroflexi has often been observed in anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) reactors fed with synthetic nutrient medium without organic carbon compounds. To determine if coexisting Chloroflexi in anammox reactors scavenge organic matter derived from anammox bacterial cells, the present study was conducted to investigate the substrate uptake pattern of the uncultured Chloroflexi present in an anammox reactor and to clarify if they take up microbial products derived from anammox bacterial cells. To accomplish this, combined microautoradiography and fluorescence in situ hybridization (MAR-FISH) was conducted. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 36% of the clones analyzed in this study were affiliated with Chloroflexi. The sequence similarities to Anaerolinea thermophila and Caldilinea aerophila within the phylum Chloroflexi were only 81.0-88.7% and 80.3-83.8%, respectively. The uncultured Chloroflexi were found to incorporate sucrose, glucose, and N-acetyl-glucosamine. The 14C-tracing experiment revealed that the uncultured Chloroflexi were clearly MAR-positive, indicating the utilization of decaying anammox bacterial cell materials. Taken together, these results indicate that coexisting uncultured Chloroflexi in anammox reactors scavenge organic compounds derived from anammox bacterial cells.This research was partially supported by an Assistance for Research and Development of Construction Technology grant from the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, and by a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology

A Classification of Japanese Verbs

ORIGINAL PAPER金田一春彦, 1950, 「国語動詞の一分類」, 日本言語学会『言語研究』15，pp.48-63.KINDAICHI Haruhiko, 1950, Kokugo Dōshi-no Ichibunrui, Gengo Kenkyū 15, Nihon Gengo Gakkai [The Linguistic Society of Japan], pp.48-63.Translated by Stephen Wright HORNProofed by John H. Haig (University of Hawaii at Manoa

Nitrogen removal using an anammox membrane bioreactor at low temperature

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have the ability to completely retain biomass and are thus suitable for slowly growing anammox bacteria. In the present study, an anammox MBR was operated to investigate whether the anammox activity would remain stable at low temperature, without anammox biomass washout. The maximum nitrogen removal rates were 6.7 and 1.1 g-N L−1 day−1 at 35 and 15°C, respectively. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic analysis revealed no change in the predominant anammox species with temperature because of the complete retention of anammox biomass in the MBR. These results indicate that the predominant anammox bacteria in the MBR cannot adapt to a low temperature during short-term operation. Conversely, anammox activity recovered rapidly after restoring the temperature from the lower value to the optimal temperature (35°C). The rapid recovery of anammox activity is a distinct advantage of using an MBR anammox reactor.This research was partially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)

Dissolved methane oxidation and competition for oxygen in down-flow hanging sponge reactor for post-treatment of anaerobic wastewater treatment

Post-treatment of anaerobic wastewater was undertaken to biologically oxidize dissolved methane, with the aim of preventing methane emission. The performance of dissolved methane oxidation and competition for oxygen among methane, ammonium, organic matter, and sulfide oxidizing bacteria were investigated using a lab-scale closed-type down-flow hanging sponge (OHS) reactor. Under the oxygen abundant condition of a hydraulic retention time of 2 h and volumetric air supply rate of 12.95 m(3)-air m(-3) day(-1), greater than 90% oxidation of dissolved methane, ammonium, sulfide, and organic matter was achieved. With reduction in the air supply rate, ammonium oxidation first ceased, after which methane oxidation deteriorated. Sulfide oxidation was disrupted in the final step, indicating that COD and sulfide oxidation occurred prior to methane oxidation. A microbial community analysis revealed that peculiar methanotrophic communities dominating the Methylocaldum species were formed in the DHS reactor operation. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved