11,521 research outputs found
Smoke-free environment policy in Vietnam : what did people see and how did they react when they visited various public places?
Introduction. Since Vietnam has signed WHO framework on tobacco control (FCTC) in 2003 and has issued tobacco control law in 2013, there has been little research concerning about what impacts smoke-free regulations have had on public compliance. The objective of this study was to assess public exposure to secondhand smoke and reaction toward smoke-free policy regulations in Vietnam and the associated factor. Methods. Using the design of GATS (Global Adult Tobacco Survey), a nationally representative sample of 8,996 adults were approached for data collection. Logistic regression was used to examine the associated factor. Results. The study revealed that the prevalence of respondents exposed to secondhand smoke was much higher in bars/café/tea shops (90.07%) and restaurants (81.81%) than in any other public places, universities (36.70%), government buildings (31.12%), public transport (20.04%), healthcare facilities (17.85%) and schools (15.84%). 13.23% of respondents saw smokers violate smoke-free regulations. Among those who saw them violate smoke-free regulations, just onethird cautioned them to stop smoking. Strikingly, a higher rate of cautioning smokers to stop smoking was observed among the older, married, and better educated respondents. Respondents who were married, better educated and in lower economic status were more likely to remind smokers to stop smoking. Conclusions. The study has called for strengthening two of the six MPOWER (Monitor, Protect, Offer, Warn, Enforce and Raise) components of the tobacco free initiative introduced by WHO, Monitoring tobacco use and prevention policies and Protecting people from tobacco smoke. © 2019 Pacini Editore SPA. All rights reserved. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Huy Nguyen” is provided in this record*
On the Electrostatic Forces acting on Point Charges in the Presence of a Dielectric Slab
How will the electrostatic interaction between two point charges change if we
introduce a dielectric slab in the middle of them? While the physical setting
of this problem is relatively simple, it is easy to be wronged and the solution
is surprisingly complicated. Here we will show the correct answer by using the
method of images, which should be approachable for undergraduate students and
advance high school students. We also obtain analytical and algebraic results
in some special cases
Core-Level X-Ray Photoemission Satellites in Ruthenates: A New Mechanism Revealing the Mott Transition
Ru 3d core-level x-ray photoemission spectra of various ruthenates are
examined. They show in general two-peak structures, which can be assigned as
the screened and unscreened peaks. The screened peak is absent in a Mott
insulator, but develops into a main peak in the metallic regime. This spectral
behavior is well explained by the dynamical mean-field theory calculation for
the single-band Hubbard model with on-site core-hole potential using the exact
diagonalization method. The new mechanism of the core-level photoemission
satellite can be utilized to reveal the Mott transition phenomenon in various
strongly correlated electron systems, especially in nano-scale devices and
phase-separated materials.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, submitted to PR
Charge-spin correlation in van der Waals antiferromagenet NiPS3
Strong charge-spin coupling is found in a layered transition-metal
trichalcogenide NiPS3, a van derWaals antiferromagnet, from our study of the
electronic structure using several experimental and theoretical tools:
spectroscopic ellipsometry, x-ray absorption and photoemission spectroscopy,
and density-functional calculations. NiPS3 displays an anomalous shift in the
optical spectral weight at the magnetic ordering temperature, reflecting a
strong coupling between the electronic and magnetic structures. X-ray
absorption, photoemission and optical spectra support a self-doped ground state
in NiPS3. Our work demonstrates that layered transition-metal trichalcogenide
magnets are a useful candidate for the study of correlated-electron physics in
two-dimensional magnetic material.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figur
Neutrinos in 5D SO(10) Unification
We study neutrino physics in a 5D supersymmetric SO(10) GUT. We analyze
several different choices for realizing the See-Saw mechanism. We find that the
"natural" scale for the Majorana mass of right-handed neutrinos depends
critically on whether the right-handed neutrinos are located in the bulk or
localized on a brane. In the former case, the effective Majorana mass is
"naturally" of order the compactification scale, about 10^{14} GeV. Note, this
is the value necessary for obtaining a light tau neutrino mass approximately
10^{-2} eV which, within the context of hierarchical neutrino masses, is the
right order of magnitude to explain atmospheric neutrino oscillations. On the
other-hand when the right-handed neutrino is localized on the brane, the
effective Majorana mass is typically larger than the compactification scale.
Nevertheless with small parameters of order 1/10 - 1/30, an effective Majorana
mass of order 10^{14} GeV can be accommodated. We also discuss the constraints
on model building resulting from the different scenarios for locating the
right-handed neutrinos.Comment: 24 page
Inflation and Gauge Hierarchy in Randall-Sundrum Compactification
We obtain the general inflationary solutions for the slab of five-dimensional
AdS spacetime where the fifth dimension is an orbifold and two
three-branes reside at its boundaries, of which the Randall-Sundrum model
corresponds to the static limit. The investigation of the general solutions and
their static limit reveals that the RS model recasts both the cosmological
constant problem and the gauge hierarchy problem into the balancing problem of
the bulk and the brane cosmological constants.Comment: 9 pages, revtex, minor changes and more references adde
Quark and Lepton Masses in 5D SO(10)
We construct a five dimensional supersymmetric SO(10)D grand
unified model with an orbifold as the extra
dimension. The orbifold breaks half of the supersymmetry and breaks the SO(10)
gauge symmetry down to . The Higgs mechanism is used to break the remaining gauge symmetry
the rest of the way to the Standard Model. We place matter fields variously in
the bulk and on the orbifold fixed points and the resulting massless fields are
mixtures between these brane and bulk fields. A chiral adjoint field in the
bulk gets a U(1) vacuum expectation value, resulting in an -dependent
localization of the bulk matter fields and the Standard Model Higgs field. This
Higgs field localization allows us to simultaneously explain the hierarchies
and . The model uses 11 parameters to fit the 13
independent low energy observables of the quark and charged lepton Yukawa
matrices. The model predicts the values of two quark mass combinations,
\f{m_u}{m_c} and , each of which are predicted to be
approximately above their experimental values. The remaining
observables are successfully fit at the 5% level.Comment: 52 pages, published version, includes more discussion of 6D version
of mode
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