A Study of the Advantages and Disadvantages of Central Processing of Media Materials

No abstract provided by author

A Study of the Advantages and Disadvantages of Central Processing of Media Materials

No abstract provided by author

Scale in literature: with reference to the New Testament and other texts in English and Greek

This dissertation explores "scale" in literature in general, and in the New Testament epistles in particular. All creative activity has its locus at an appropriate point within a wide scale spectrum: literature is no exception. This became apparent in 1965 when scale relationships were observed by the author in cumulative sum graphs of the Pauline epistles. Such scale differences are familiar to architects who use scale as a creative tool, but a wide search through standard reference books, surveys of work on statistical stylometry, linguistics and Biblical studies failed to provide any evidence that scholars were aware of scale in literature.Further investigation revealed that scale differences were to be found in many fields of creativity, in architecture, art, photography, music and engineering. Also explored was an interesting parallel found in the multi-layered scaling associated with the mathematics of chaos.To provide a broader perspective through which to view the Pauline epistles, 80 works by six modern authors and the writings of three ancient Greek authors were selected as test material. Graphs were prepared showing the sentence sequences and distributions of these works comprising over 400,000 words, and scale differences were found, not only between works, but also between sections of individual works. These were related to differences in genre, and this raised serious questions concerning the statistical homogeneity of samples containing scale differences. Care was taken to relate patterns directly to the content of the text and to the findings of Biblical scholarship.Links with theology revealed that the sense of the numinous presence, and the sense of the sublime in art, were on occasion directly reflected in sentence length. Human moods and feelings were found to have unpredictable but measurable manifestations in terms of scale in literature.The Pauline epistles revealed a common scaling structure of varying degrees of complexity, and a mathematical model was devised to demonstrate that major parts of all thirteen epistles share similar unusual scaling features. Significant patterns of a different kind were also found covering the texts of Hebrews and substantial portions of 1 and 2 Peter. It is submitted that these patterns provide new hard evidence which must be considered together with the evidence from other sources in arriving at conclusions concerning the authorship of the New Testament epistles

The Five Accomplishments: A Framework for Obtaining Customer Feedback in a Health Service Community Learning Disability Team

The usefulness of using the philosophy of normalisation and, in particular, O`Brien`s (1992) Five Accomplishments as a basis for evaluating client satisfaction with a community based health service learning disabilities team was examined. A survey of a group of people with mild learning disabilities took place using the Five Accomplishments as a framework for a semi-structured interview. Areas of client satisfaction and dissatisfaction are discussed in the context of the use of a value-based means of obtaining feedback from clients. Limitations of interviewing techniques and specifically those used in this study are reviewed

Accuracy or Efficiency: Has Grain Processing Made a Difference?

Since the Federal Circuit’s adoption of Panduit’s causation standard for establishing entitlement to lost profits damages in patent litigation, application of its noninfringing alternatives prong has lacked consistency. The court’s decision in Grain Processing Corp. v. American Maize-Products Co., however, created an additional contribution to the Panduit standard, thereby raising the evidentiary bar while significantly altering the noninfringing-alternative inquiry. Grain Processing has given the infringer a potentially powerful defensive mechanism in an area in which patentees are generally favored, even when some infringement may be socially desirable. Grain Processing allows for the potential avoidance of lost profit damages, so long as the alleged infringer shows that it had the necessary equipment, know-how, and experience to produce an acceptable, noninfringing substitute during the alleged infringement period. The Grain Processing decision, however, raises some debate. As a judicially interjected gloss on damages, the added ability to limit damage awards to a reasonable royalty could have been too drastic. A closer look demonstrates a precarious policy balance. On the one hand, increases in patent litigation might justify implementing an additional hurdle to potential damage awards in order to further incentivize innovation. Added rigor provided by Grain Processing may deter frivolous and expensive litigation that might be asserted by patentees to keep new innovators out of the market. But on the other hand, if a market participant does unlawfully infringe, it is certainly reasonable to believe that the infringer should pay appropriate damages for the encroachment on another’s intellectual property. Grain Processing’s lost-profit-limiting defense against a patentee’s claim of entitlement to lost profits damages may serve to deter potentially useful innovation by increasing costs shouldered by patentees in defending their patent rights. This Note analyzes six Federal Circuit cases appealing lost profits determinations, decided both before and after Grain Processing, and attempts to discern the impacts that Grain Processing has had on patentees’ entitlements to lost profits. This Note is organized in four parts. Part I provides the historical and substantive context necessary to understand the Grain Processing decision and examines important statutory changes, especially their subsequent interpretation, both before and after Grain Processing. Part II summarizes three pre-, as well as three post-Grain Processing cases. Parts III and IV dissect and analyze the holdings in these cases and evaluate Grain Processing’s impact on patent damages

Structural response of a compliant pipe-in-pipe under frictionless and frictional conditions of the seabed.

Pipe-in-Pipe (PIP) technology has been studied significantly owing to its superior performance in deep-water and high-pressure high temperature fields than conventional single pipe. The PIP system has excellent track record of mitigating flow assurance problems from subsea wells through maintenance of the fluid's temperature in the pipe. It has also been applied in marine environment where conventional single pipe cannot perform. However, owing to complex interaction and contact within the PIP system and seabed, the mechanism of load transfer and the stresses that developed due to pressure, temperature and combined loading has not been fully understood and quantified. Therefore, this study examined the effect of pressure, temperature and the combined loading on PIP systems for flat seabed subsea pipeline. Simulations are performed to examined frictional and frictionless conditions of the flat seabed on PIP system and individual results of inner pipe, insulation material and outer pipe are presented for each analysis. The analytical calculations are carried-out for determining the operating stresses in each component of the PIP system in view of its significance for the overall structural behaviour of the system and validation of the numerical model. The impact response of the inner pipe, insulation and the outer pipe based on pressure, temperature and the combination of both (pressure and temperature) and the resulting stress on each component of the PIP system are investigated and the result presented. Furthermore, results of axial, radial and hoop stresses for the individual loading condition and with coupled analysis corresponding to each simulation (Frictional and Frictionless seabed conditions) are found to be closely similar with percentage difference less than 5 except for the von Mises stress which give 5.3%. This interesting finding revealed that the friction force does not affect structural integrity of the PIP system compared to conventional - single pipeline assuming all other parameters remains constant. Moreover, the presence of the outer pipe and the insulation material enhanced the performance of the inner pipe. The numerical simulation predicts closely the impact response for pipe-in-pipe composite specimens under individual and combined loading conditions. Therefore, the results obtained will serve as a reference guide for designing, construction and operating PIP system in the future to develop unconventional challenging energy resources like High Pressure High Temperature fields

So, How Much of the Earth's Surface Is Covered by Rain Gauges?

The measurement of global precipitation, both rainfall and snowfall, is critical to a wide range of users and applications. Rain gauges are indispensable in the measurement of precipitation, remaining the de facto standard for precipitation information across Earths surface for hydrometeorological purposes. However, their distribution across the globe is limited: over land their distribution and density is variable, while over oceans very few gauges exist and where measurements are made, they may not adequately reflect the rainfall amounts of the broader area. Critically, the number of gauges available, or appropriate for a particular study, varies greatly across the Earth owing to temporal sampling resolutions, periods of operation, data latency, and data access. Numbers of gauges range from a few thousand available in nearreal time to about 100,000 for all official gauges, and to possibly hundreds of thousands if all possible gauges are included. Gauges routinely used in the generation of global precipitation products cover an equivalent area of between about 250 and 3,000 m2. For comparison, the center circle of a soccer pitch or tennis court is about 260 m2. Although each gauge should represent more than just the gauge orifice, autocorrelation distances of precipitation vary greatly with regime and the integration period. Assuming each Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC)available gauge is independent and represents a surrounding area of 5-km radius, this represents only about 1 of Earths surface. The situation is further confounded for snowfall, which has a greater measurement uncertainty

Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM): Unified Precipitation Estimation From Space

Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) is an international satellite mission that uses measurements from an advanced radar/radiometer system on a Core Observatory as reference standards to unify and advance precipitation estimates through a constellation of research and operational microwave sensors. GPM is a science mission focusing on a key component of the Earth's water and energy cycle, delivering near real-time observations of precipitation for monitoring severe weather events, freshwater resources, and other societal applications. This work presents the GPM mission design, together with descriptions of sensor characteristics, inter-satellite calibration, retrieval methodologies, ground validation activities, and societal applications

Ground Validation Assessments of GPM Core Observatory Science Requirements

No abstract availabl