ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND BIOAUTOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF EXTRACT AND FRACTION FROM TAMOENJU (HIBISCUS SURATTENSIS L.) LEAVES

Objective: The tamoenju (Hibiscus surattensis L.) is one of the plants as traditional medicines to treat infections. Tamoenju leaves contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids, a potential antibacterial agent. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of tamoenju leaves extract and fraction against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Salmonella typhi (ATCC 14028), and detect the active compounds using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) Bioautography techniques. Methods: The sample was extracted using maceration method with 96% ethanol as solvent. Fractionation of ethanol extract using the liquid-liquid extraction method using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The agar well diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity with various concentrations of 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 20%, followed by TLC bioautography using n-butanol: acetic acid: aquadest (4:1:1) as the mobile phase and silica gel GF 254 as the stationary phase on the most active fraction. Zones of inhibition showed the sensitivity of the tested microorganisms. Results: The results showed the extract, n-hexane, and water fractions were more sensitive to S. typhi, while the ethyl acetate fraction was more sensitive to both bacteria. The zone of inhibition increased with the increasing extract and fractions concentration. The bioautography TLC showed that the compounds that had the potential as antibacterial in the most active fraction (ethyl acetate fraction) were flavonoids. Conclusion: The extract and fraction of tamoenju leaves have antibacterial activity. Ethyl acetate fraction had the highest antibacterial activity. The compounds predicted to have antibacterial activity against the two tested bacteria were flavonoids

ANALISA KERETAKAN PADA POROS ENGKOL DIESEL GENERATOR NO. 3 DI MT. NARIVA

Akhmad Khumaidi Bisri, 2018 NIT: 50134958. T, “Analysis of 3rd Diesel Generator Crankshaft’s Cracks in MT. Nariva”. Diploma IV, Teknika, Merchant Marine Polytechnic of Semarang, 1st Lecture : H. Mustholiq, M.M., M.Mar.E dan 2nd Lecture : H. Daryanto, S.H., M.M Crankshaft is used to transform vertical movement or horizontal from piston become rotating movement (rotation). To transform it, with the proses of crankshaft need crankpin, an additional bearing to be attached on the end of connecting rod on each cylinder. The purpose of this essay is for knowing the causes of crack on the diesel generator’s crankshaft, for knowing effects of crack on the diesel generator’s crankshaft, and for knowing how to fix the problem of crack on the diesel generator’s crankshaft. This research is using qualitative descriptive method and using data anlysis technique Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) is systematic identification of various factors to formulate strategy. Data collection is done by interview, questionnaire, observation, documentation, by observing at the overhaul time on MT. Nariva. The result of research shows that factors of crack on diesel generator’s crankshaft caused by the drop of lubricating oil pressure, and presence of metal particles in the lubricating oil, also effects that happened on the crack of crankshaft is existence of rough vibration on diesel generator, high vibration that caused by connecting rod, and worn out of main bearing, and this will be a problem for operation of the vessel. Treatment that can be done in order to prevent crack on crankshaft is by maintaining the pressure of lubricating oil, maintenance of lubricating oil and viscosity, clean the filters of lubricating oil, maintain lubricating oil cooler not to leak off on sea water side and lubricating oil, also maintenance on the crankshaft referring to instruction manual book on board the ship. Keywords : Lubrication, crankshaft, SWO

Aktivitas Antibakteri Fraksi Allium ascalonicum Linn A562275sal Lembah Palu terhadap Shigella dysenteriae

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum Linn.) is one of the typical plants of Central Sulawesi which is used as traditional medicine such as to treat infectious diseases. This study aims to determine the fractions that have high activity from bulbs and leaves in inhibiting the growth of Shigella dysenteriae bacteria and determining the organic compounds that have antibacterial activities. Extraction was carried out by maceration method using ethanol 96% for both samples. Liquid-liquid fractionation was used as a fractionation method using hexane, ethyl acetate and water  solvents, sequenly. The antibacterial activity test used the diffusion method with the pile technique and TLC-bioautography. The results showed that ethyl acetate fraction gave the highest activity of bulbs samples, while in leaves samples ethyl acetate fraction and hexane fraction were able to provide good inhibitory activity. The organic compounds were identified by thin layer chromatography method. Flavonoids compounds have identified for bulbs samples (Rf 0.18). In the leaves samples, steroids compounds were identified in the ethyl acetate fraction (Rf 0.62) and terpenoid compounds (Rf 0.48) in the hexane fraction. Based on the result, the shallot is potentially be developed as an antibacterial material.Bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum Linn.) dari lembah Palu merupakan salah satu tanaman khas Sulawesi Tengah yang digunakan sebagai obat tradisional seperti untuk mengobati penyakit infeksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui fraksi yang mempunyai aktivitas tinggi dari sampel umbi dan daun bawang merah dari lembah Palu dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Shigella dysenteriae dan menentukan golongan senyawa yang memiliki aktivitas tersebut. Penelitian dengan ekstraksi bawang merah menggunakan  metode maserasi dengan etanol 96 % terhadap kedua sampel. Fraksinasi cair-cair digunakan sebagai metode fraksinasi menggunakan pelarut heksan, etil asetat dan air secara berurutan. Uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi dengan teknik sumuran dan KLT Bioautografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fraksi etil asetat memberikan aktivitas tertinggi dari sampel umbi, sedangkan pada sampel daun fraksi etil asetat dan fraksi heksana mampu memberikan aktivititas penghambatan yang baik. Golongan senyawa yang teridentifikasi dengan metode kromatografi lapis tipis adalah senyawa flavonoid untuk sampel umbi (Rf 0,18). Pada sampel daun teridentifikasi senyawa steroid pada fraksi etil asetat (Rf 0,62) dan senyawa terpenoid (Rf 0,48) pada fraksi heksana. Berdasarkan hal tersebut Bawang merah dari  lembah Palu berpotensi dapat dikembangkan sebagai bahan antibakteri

Isolasi Senyawa Flavonoid Ekstrak Biji Pinang Merah (Areca Vestiaria Giseke) Dan Uji Sitotoksiknya Melalui Uji Brine Shirimp Lethality Test (BSLT): Isolation of Flavonoid Compounds of Red Pinang\u27s Seed Extract (Areca Vestiaria Giseke) and Cytotoxic Test by Brine Shirimp Lethality Test (BSLT)

Cytotoxic test is one method to predict the development of compounds that are toxic to the cell that is an absolute requirement for anticancer drugs. The aim of this study is to isolate flavonoids and determine LC50 value of the activity of the Red Pinang seed extract (Areca vestiaria Giseke). Extracts prepared by maceration method using ethanol 96%. Isolation is done through a range of methods includes partitioning using n-hexane, a preliminary test using the color reagent and KLT, isolation by preparative thin layer chromatography, thin layer chromatography multi eluent, UV-Vis spectrophotometer analysis and cytotoxic test isolates. The results showed that isolates flavonoid seed extract of Red Pinang (Areca vestiaria Giseke) has the medium potential of being a cytotoxic agent with LC50 values of 583.445 ppm

Identifikasi Senyawa Flavonoid Pada Fraksi Etil Asetat Benalu Batu (Begonia SP.) Asal Kabupaten Morowali Utara

Benalu Batu Plant (Begonia sp.) in family Begoniaceae is a plant used by the people of North Morowali to treat tumors and cancers. It generally contains saponins, tannins, flavonoids and polyphenols. This research aimed to identify flavonoid compounds contained in ethyl acetate fraction of Begonia sp. The simplicia was extracted using maceration method and partitioned using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and water. The Ethyl acetate extract was then fractionated by nine eluent combinations using separation method of Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC) and Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography (Prep TLC). One fraction was obtained and was suspected to contain flavonoid compounds after Shinode and Pew color reagent test. In the result of Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy with methanol at wavelength range of 200-550 nm, the isolates showed absorption peaks at 275 nm (peak 1) and 225 nm (peak 2). Based on the wavelength of flavonoid compounds contained in the fraction, Begonia sp. showed similarities to the absorption peak of flavan-3-ol or flavanol

FORMULASI TABLET ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK BAWANG HUTAN (Eleutherine bulbosa Mill.Urb)

Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai formulasi tablet antioksidan ekstrak bawang hutan (Eleutherine bulbosa mill.urb) dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak bawang hutan pada mutu fisik dan aktivitas antioksidan tablet, mengetahui konsentrasi ekstrak yang memenuhi mutu fisik yang paling optimum dan mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan (IC50) dari tiap formula. Ekstrak dibuat dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Proses pembuatan tablet dengan metode granulasi basah. Dilakukan uji mutu fisik granul dan uji mutu fisik tablet. Uji aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan secara in-vitro menggunakan metode DPPH pada formula 1, formula 2, formula 3 dan kontrol negatif dengan penggunaan Vitamin C sebagai kontrol positif. Data hasil pengukuran dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan metode ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak bawang hutan dengan konsentrasi 3,57%, 7,14% dan 10,71% pada sediaan tablet memperoleh mutu fisik tablet yang baik pada penyimpanan selama ± 1 bulan. Hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan IC50 yang diperoleh pada hari ke-1 dan hari ke-28 kontrol negatif, formula 1, formula 2, dan formula 3 berturut-turut adalah 2110 ppm dan 2210 ppm; 126,18 ppm dan 135,73 ppm; 91,00 ppm dan 95,45 ppm; 46,87 ppm dan 50,93 ppm; dibandingkan dengan IC50 Vitamin C sebesar 4,93 ppm. Formula 1 mempunyai mutu fisik tablet yang paling optimum. Aktivitas antioksidan dari tiap formula masuk dalam kategori dari sangat kuat sampai sedang

Isolasi Dan Identifikasi Senyawa Flavonoid Ekstrak Etanol Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus Polyrhizus (F.A.C.Weber) Briton & Rose): Isolation and Identification of Flavonoid Compounds From Ethanol Extract of Red Dragon Fruits (Hylocereus Polyrhizus (F.A.C.Weber) Briton & Rose

Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai isolasi dan identifikasi senyawa flavonoid dari ekstrak etanol buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus (F.A.C.Weber) Briton & Rose).  Ekstrak buah naga merah diperoleh melalui maserasi serbuk buah naga merah dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Ekstrak etanol yang diperoleh di partisi dengan metode partisi cair-cair menggunakan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat dan air. Hasil partisi ekstrak etil asetat  kemudian dilakukan pemisahan dengan Kromatografi vakum cair, sedangkan ekstrak air dihidrolisis terlebih dahulu dengan HCl lalu dipartisi dengan etil asetat (fraksi etil asetat). Berdasarkan  hasi pemurnian ekstrak etil asetat dan fraksi etil asetat dengan KLT Preparatif diperoleh 5 isolat tetapi hanya isolat 3 yang positif senyawa flavonoid. Hasil spektroskopi UV-Vis isolat 3 menghasilkan puncak pada 330 nm (pita I) dan 280 nm (pita II), sedangkan pada penambahan pereaksi geser tidak mengalami pergeseran batokromik dan hipsokromik. Berdasarkan data-data yang diperoleh isolat 3 diduga merupakan golongan senyawa flavanon

Formulasi Krim Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun Kapas (Gossypium SP.)

Gossypium sp. leaf is one of the plants that contain flavonoids that can act as antioxidants. This study aims to look at the effect of combination of the stearic acid and triethanolamine which function as emulsifier in creams and determine antioxidant activity of cream Gossypium sp. leaf extract. Cream is formulated with a variety of stearic acid and triethanolamine emulsifier that F1 (8%: 2%), F2 (12%: 3%), F3 (16%: 4%). Tests carried out at the first day and the 28th days. Evaluation preparations include organoleptic test, homogeneity, viscosity, pH, and type of the cream. The results showed that the variation of concentration emulsifier that fill quality preparations with some parameters such as organoleptic, homogeneity, the type of cream and viscosity. pH of cream does not qualify are 4.5-6, but still in the neutral pH range (pH ± 7). Antioxidant activity of the cream has a large reduce power at the first day DPPH reduce percent value for F1, F2, and F3 are 80,73%, 83,05% and 83,51% respectively, while after the storage at the 28th days DPPH reduce percent value for F1, F2, and F3 are 80,43%, 82,49% and 79,02% respectively. Preparation creams that fill physical quality cream is F1 by using emulsifier triethanolamine and stearic acid with a concentration of 8%: 2

Uji Aktivitas Antidiabetes Kombinasi Glibenklamid Dan Ekstrak Daun Salam (Syzygium Polyanthumwight.) Terhadap Mencit (Mus Musculus) Yang Diinduksi Aloksan

Pharmacological therapy of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is to use antidiabetic oral. Herbal medicine are also often used as an alternative treatment by patients. Even in some cases found patients combine drugs and herbal medicine to speed up the healing of DM. This study aims to know the effects of a combination of glibenclamide and bay leaf ethanol extract (BLEE) to decrease blood glucose levels and to determine its optimal combination dose as antidiabetic. The method was inducted alloxan at dose of 120 mg/kg BW intraperitoneally. The animal test used were mice which divided into 8 groups of tests, the negative control (Na CMC 0,5 %), positive control (glibenclamide 0,65 mg/kg BW), combination 1(glibenclamide+BLEE 250 mg/kg BW), combination 2 (glibenclamide+BLEE 500 mg/kg BW), combination 3 (glibenclamide+BLEE 750 mg/kg BW), BLEE 1 (250 mg/kg BW), BLEE 2 (500 mg/kg BW), and BLEE 3 (750 mg/kg BW). After 14 days study, data were analyzed by ANOVA showed the difference in decrease of blood glucose levels combination 2 (230±23,69) mg/dL and combination 3 (233,75±9,93) mg/dL were significantly different to the negative control (4±6,82) mg/dL, positive control (150,75±11,34) mg/dL, combination 1 (170±10,51) mg/dL, BLEE 1 (134,5±4,61) mg/dL, BLEE 2 (151,25±6,72) mg/dL, and BLEE 3 (158,75±17,64) mg/dL. While combination 2 and combination 3 were not significantly different. Combination of glibenclamide and bay leaf ethanol extract decreased blood glucose levels greater than a single dosage glibenclamide or bay leaf extract. Optimal doses decreased blood glucose levels was combination 2

Aktivitas Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Batang Kayu Jawa (Lannea Coromandelica) Terhadap Penyembuhan Luka Sayat Pada Tikus Putih (Rattus Norvegicus L.): Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Jawa Bark (Lannea Coromandelica) on Healing Wound at White Rat (Rattus Norvegicus L.)

Jawa bark (Lannea coromandelica) is a part of the plant that can be used empirically for handling wounds. This study aims to determine the activity of ethanol extract of Jawa bark on healing wound and determine the effective dose compared with povidone iodine. The test animals used were white rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) consisting of 5 groups, namely negative control (vaseline without extract), positive control (povidone iodine), dose of 250 mg/kg BW, dose of 500 mg/kg BW, dose of 750 mg/kg BW. Each rat made an incision in the area parallel to the spine with 2 cm long and 2 mm deep. Measuring the length of the wound was done every day for 14 days. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using One Way Anova and followed by Post Hoc Duncan test. Statistical results showed that the ethanol extract of Jawa bark has an activity in curing slice where the effective dose is a dose of 500 mg/kg BW with a wound healing time of 12 days