STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF ECONOMY ON ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY

Abstract. Given that the "growth-oriented economic model", on the one hand, relying on more consumerism, has extensively attempted to destroy non-renewable resources and, on the other hand, by turning these resources into hazardous and voluminous materials, threatens the environment of mankind, as a result, environmental security", this research has tried to test the effect of adopting a growth-oriented economy model (independent variable) on environmental security (dependent variable) through a descriptive-explanatory method, using library materials and reports from environmentalinstitutions. For this purpose, firstly, by examining several capitalist economics schools as well as Fordist and post-Fordist economies, the mass production and consumption indicator was extracted as the most important and most prominent indicator of the growth-oriented economy. In order to operate this index, the status of production and consumption of various products and services was studied in three parts of industry, agriculture and services, and it was found that during the period of approximately 50 years and ending to 2012, the rate of production and consumption of selected products and services has grown dramatically and far more than the population growth rate. On the other side of this equation, the environmental situation has become critical over this period. In order to study the environmental situation, the two indicators of "environmental footprint" and "bio-capacity" as well as "environmental performance index" are based. The hypothesis was tested and, according to the documentation provided, it has been proved that adopting a growth-oriented economy model has caused extensive environmental degradation and endangering environmental security, and therefore the hypothesis is confirmed

Individuals\u27 Absorptive Capacity in Enterprise System Assimilation

The capability of an individual to absorb knowledge about enterprise resource planning (ERP) is a critical element in the development of an organisation’s absorptive capacity (ACAP) during assimilation phase of ERP. Prior research have tended to overlook the roles that individuals play in identify external and internal knowledge, assimilate and exploit ERP knowledge. By defining ACAP at the individual level, we seek to enrich our understanding of how individual learn ERP knowledge and how such efforts facilitate the ERP assimilation within organisations. We develop a theoretical model to investigate the assimilation of enterprise systems in the post-implementation stage. Specifically, this model explains how communication climate and top management participation moderates the impact of Individuals’ ACAP on the assimilation of ERP systems

How Does Contingent Reward Affect Enterprise Resource Planning Continuance Intention? The Role of Contingent Reward Transactional Leadership

During the past decade, an increased focus on charismatic and transformational leadership has led to a diminished recognition of the importance of transactional leadership behaviours for successful information systems. We say that this is important because recent studies have shown that transactional leadership, in the form of contingent reward behaviour, can have substantial effects on employee attitudes, perceptions and behaviour. Therefore, in this study we discuss how contingent reward transactional leadership behaviour influences enterprise resource planning (ERP) users’ continuance intention by proposing a research model that explains how contingent reward has a positive effect on ERP users’ satisfaction and perceived usefulness which leads to ERP continuance intention. We further argue that distributive justice mediates this relationship. This study calls for managers to pay attention to the importance of contingent reward leadership behaviour in continuous intention of ERP

Assessing The Role Of Transactional And Transformational Leadership In Continuance Intentions Of Enterprise Resource Planning

This study aims to investigate whether leadership style affects enterprise resource planning (ERP) users’ continuance intention. Continuance intention in ERP at the individual user level is a key attitude for survival in many businesses. The long-term feasibility of an ERP implementation in an organization depends on its continued use rather than its initial use. This paper describes research in progress that proposes an evaluation of the effects of transformational and transactional leadership styles via psychological mechanisms of organizational commitment on continuance intention in ERP in an organization. In this study, continuance intention of ERP is mainly recognized by user satisfaction

Individuals\u27 absorptive capacity in enterprise system assimilation

The capability of an individual to absorb knowledge about enterprise resource planning (ERP) is a critical element in the development of an organisation&rsquo;s absorptive capacity (ACAP) during assimilation phase of ERP. Prior research have tended to overlook the roles that individuals play in identify external and internal knowledge, assimilate and exploit ERP knowledge. By defining ACAP at the individual level, we seek to enrich our understanding of how individual learn ERP knowledge and how such efforts facilitate the ERP assimilation within organisations. We develop a theoretical model to investigate the assimilation of enterprise systems in the post-implementation stage. Specifically, this model explains how communication climate and top management participation moderates the impact of Individuals&rsquo; ACAP on the assimilation of ERP systems.<br /

How does contingent reward affect enterprise resource planning continuance intention? The role of contingent reward transactional leadership

During the past decade, an increased focus on charismatic and transformational leadership has led to a diminished recognition of the importance of transactional leadership behaviours for successful information systems. We say that this is important because recent studies have shown that transactional leadership, in the form of contingent reward behaviour, can have substantial effects on employee attitudes, perceptions and behaviour. Therefore, in this study we discuss how contingent reward transactional leadership behaviour influences enterprise resource planning (ERP) users&rsquo; continuance intention by proposing a research model that explains how contingent reward has a positive effect on ERP users&rsquo; satisfaction and perceived usefulness which leads to ERP continuance intention. We further argue that distributive justice mediates this relationship. This study calls for managers to pay attention to the importance of contingent reward leadership behaviour in continuous intention of ERP.<br /

Podešavanje pulsno-širinskog pulsno-frekvencijskog modulatora korištenjem optimizacije rojevima čestica: Inženjerski pristup dizajnu regulatora orijentacije letjelice

: In this paper, a new technique for fine tuning of spacecraft autopilots based on pulse-width pulse-frequency (PWPF) modulators is presented. PWPF is one of the most commonly used approaches to control signal modulation. Its main application is found in spacecraft controllers to produce discontinuous on-off control signals for two situational actuators. The main reasons for the popularity of this method are the reduced energy consumption and the quasi linear operation with high degrees of freedom in adjustment. But, due to multiplicity and nonlinear relationship between parameters, fine tuning of PWPF is known to be an engineering problem. Similar complexity is observable in adjusting the incorporated controller parameters. These involvements regarding the industrial and academic background of PWPF are not properly explored. The paper shows how particle swarm optimization (PSO) can be invoked to set both controller and PWPF parameters. Several spacecraft autopilots have been designed to show effectiveness of the proposed method.U ovom radu prikazana je nova metoda za fino podešavanje autopilota letjelice zasnovana na pulsno-širinsko pulsno-frekvencijskoj modulaciji (PWPF). PWPF je jedan od najčešće korištenih pristupa u upravljanju modulacijom signala. Njegova glavna primjena nalazi se u regulatorima letjelica koji proizvode diskontinuirane on-off upravljačke signale za dva aktuatora. Glavni razlozi za popularnost ove metode je smanjena potrošnja energije i kvazi linearno ponašanje s velikim stupnjem slobode kod podešavanja. Međutim, zbog višestrukosti i nelinernih odnosa među parametrima, fino podešavanje PWPF-a je zahtjevno. Slična složenost može se primijetiti i kod podešavanja parametara regulatora. Ovi problemi kod primjene PWPF-a nisu dovoljno istraženi. U ovom radu prikazano je kako se može iskoristiti optimizacija rojevima čestica za podešavanje parametara regulatora i modulatora. Dizajnirano je nekoliko autopilota letjelica kako bi se pokazala učinkovitost predložene metode

The effects of improvement plan on the emergency services in Kashani & Hajar Hospitals of Shahrekord

زمینه و هدف: به دلیل نقش و اهمیت بخش اورژانس، وزارت بهداشت درمان و آموزش پزشکی از مدتها پیش به دنبال ساماندهی بخش های اورژانس بوده است. طرح بهینه سازی اورژانس ها از سال 1381 در دو مرکز آموزشی درمانی کاشانی و هاجر شهرکرد به مرحله اجرا در آمد. مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیرات اجرای این طرح انجام شد تا ضمن مشخص نمودن نقاط قوت و ضعف اجرای طرح، جهت توسعه آن در سایر بخش های اورژانس استان برنامه ریزی لازم بعمل آید. روش بررسی: این مطالعه از نوع مطالعات مداخله ای و با روش مطالعه قبل و بعد در جامعه مورد مطالعه صورت گرفته است. با توجه به اهداف پژوهش بخش های اورژانس دو مرکز درمانی آیت اله کاشانی و هاجر شهرکرد به عنوان جامعه پژوهش انتخاب و مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. بدین منظور 264 نفر در قبل و بعد از اجرای طرح بر حسب نوع بیماری در مراکز مذکور به روش غیر احتمالی آسان انتخاب و به منظور زمان سنجی ارائه خدمات از حداقل 35 تا حداکثر 60 مورد بر حسب واحد خدمت دهنده و جنبه های مورد ارزیابی در واحدهای مختلف چون آزمایشگاه رادیولوژی و سی سی یو انتخاب و مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. اطلاعات به روش استفاده از پرونده و سوابق بیماران، روش مشاهده به منظور ارزیابی ساختار، فرآیند و عملکرد اورژانسها و با استفاده از سه نوع پرسشنامه در 6 ماهه اول سال 81 و 82 جمع آوری و با استفاده از آزمون آماری t-test مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته ها: با توجه به ارزیابی ساختار نیروی انسانی، اجرای طرح موجب ارتقاء وضعیت ساختار با شرح وظایف و عملکرد به میزان 98/13 و 67/16 به ترتیب در اورژانس کاشانی و هاجر گردیده همچنین وضعیت آموزش بخش های مذکور نسبت به قبل، بیمارستان کاشانی با 29/14 و بیمارستان هاجر با 72/10 و هر دو به وضعیت متوسط بهبود یافته است. میانگین فاصله زمانی بین ورود تا اولین ویزیت بیماران با ایسکمی مغزی به میزان 9 دقیقه افزایش یافت که معنی دار نبود. همچنین میانگین فاصله زمانی ورود بیماران با سکته مغزی و انجام سی تی اسکن به میزان 56 دقیقه کاهش یافته که معنی دار نیست. میانگین فاصله زمانی ورود بیماران جراحی مغز و اعصاب تا اولین ویزیت 9 دقیقه کاهش یافته است (01/0

Multitask Brain Tumor Inpainting with Diffusion Models: A Methodological Report

Despite the ever-increasing interest in applying deep learning (DL) models to medical imaging, the typical scarcity and imbalance of medical datasets can severely impact the performance of DL models. The generation of synthetic data that might be freely shared without compromising patient privacy is a well-known technique for addressing these difficulties. Inpainting algorithms are a subset of DL generative models that can alter one or more regions of an input image while matching its surrounding context and, in certain cases, non-imaging input conditions. Although the majority of inpainting techniques for medical imaging data use generative adversarial networks (GANs), the performance of these algorithms is frequently suboptimal due to their limited output variety, a problem that is already well-known for GANs. Denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs) are a recently introduced family of generative networks that can generate results of comparable quality to GANs, but with diverse outputs. In this paper, we describe a DDPM to execute multiple inpainting tasks on 2D axial slices of brain MRI with various sequences, and present proof-of-concept examples of its performance in a variety of evaluation scenarios. Our model and a public online interface to try our tool are available at: https://github.com/Mayo-Radiology-Informatics-Lab/MBTIComment: 17 pages, 7 figure

Disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 315 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) in Iran and its neighboring countries, 1990–2015

BACKGROUND: Summary measures of health are essential in making estimates of health status that are comparable across time and place. They can be used for assessing the performance of health systems, informing effective policy making, and monitoring the progress of nations toward achievement of sustainable development goals. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015) provides disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE) as main summary measures of health. We assessed the trends of health status in Iran and 15 neighboring countries using these summary measures. METHODS: We used the results of GBD 2015 to present the levels and trends of DALYs, life expectancy (LE), and HALE in Iran and its 15 neighboring countries from 1990 to 2015. For each country, we assessed the ratio of observed levels of DALYs and HALE to those expected based on socio-demographic index (SDI), an indicator composed of measures of total fertility rate, income per capita, and average years of schooling. RESULTS: All-age numbers of DALYs reached over 19 million years in Iran in 2015. The all-age number of DALYs has remained stable during the past two decades in Iran, despite the decreasing trends in all-age and age-standardized rates. The all-cause DALY rates decreased from 47,200 in 1990 to 28,400 per 100,000 in 2015. The share of non-communicable diseases in DALYs increased in Iran (from 42% to 74%) and all of its neighbors between 1990 and 2015; the pattern of change is similar in almost all 16 countries. The DALY rates for NCDs and injuries in Iran were higher than global rates and the average rate in High Middle SDI countries, while those for communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders were much lower in Iran. Among men, cardiovascular diseases ranked first in all countries of the region except for Bahrain. Among women, they ranked first in 13 countries. Life expectancy and HALE show a consistent increase in all countries. Still, there are dissimilarities indicating a generally low LE and HALE in Afghanistan and Pakistan and high expectancy in Qatar, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia. Iran ranked 11th in terms of LE at birth and 12th in terms of HALE at birth in 1990 which improved to 9th for both metrics in 2015. Turkey and Iran had the highest increase in LE and HALE from 1990 to 2015 while the lowest increase was observed in Armenia, Pakistan, Kuwait, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Iraq. CONCLUSIONS: The levels and trends in causes of DALYs, life expectancy, and HALE generally show similarities between the 16 countries, although differences exist. The differences observed between countries can be attributed to a myriad of determinants, including social, cultural, ethnic, religious, political, economic, and environmental factors as well as the performance of the health system. Investigating the differences between countries can inform more effective health policy and resource allocation. Concerted efforts at national and regional levels are required to tackle the emerging burden of non-communicable diseases and injuries in Iran and its neighbors