TO THE PROBLEM OF STUDYING THE ETHICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PERSON

Purposes: The crisis in modern humanitarian science testifies to the need to search for a new approach that goes beyond the boundaries of the natural-science approach, which in its turn involves addressing to the origins of our culture, expanding the categorical apparatus and methodological basis of psychology. In individual consciousness, the spiritual crisis is expressed in the loss of the ideals of life. Therefore, at the present stage of the development of society, the need for a philosophical and psychological analysis of spiritual and moral ideas and their role in the formation of the individual is felt with particular severity. Methodology: In the framework of the activity approach embodied in the works of S. L. Rubinstein, the main provisions were formulated, which are of special methodological importance for the solution of this problem. In particular, these are provisions on the study of the human psyche through its manifestations in the main types of activity and the influence on the activities of external causes, not directly, but indirectly, through its internal, psychological conditions. Results: This article is devoted to the description of the results of an empirical study carried out from the position of the activity approach and aimed at revealing the level of ethical behavior of adolescence and youth ages. The urgency of the study is due to the fact that the tendency of the transition from the theoretical-descriptive to the experimental-developing technology of research of ethical characteristics is clearly manifested in the work. Implications/Applications: This article could be practical in predicting the problems regarding the study of Ethical Characteristics of person and help the audience to broaden their information in this vein. Novelty/Originality: In one case, the individual in the process of communicating with other people, assimilates universal values, the experience of moral relations, develops beliefs and moral ideals, in the other can under the influence of communication become attached to completely opposite values, degrade morall

Adequate hemodynamic response threshold in athletes at graduated physical loads

Objective of the study was to identify the adequate hemodynamic response threshold in athletes grouped by different cardiorespiratory system adaptation types and exposed to graduated physical loads. Graduated intensity (50 W to 200 W) cycle ergometer tests were used to apply the varying physical loads, with no rest breaks in the process. The subject athletes were grouped by different cardiorespiratory adaptation types, with the loads up to 200 W in the cycle ergometer step tests being applied for the above athletes' grouping. Based on the tests, the subjects were grouped into 5 groups based on the following cardiorespiratory system adaptation types: chronotopic, inotropic, respiratory, chronotropicrespiratory and the inotropic-respiratory type. Subject to the study were 18-35 years old men athletes (n=59) engaged in different sports and having a variety of sport qualifications from Sport Masters down to mass Class Athletes. The adequate hemodynamic response threshold was found to depend on the cardiorespiratory system adaptation types and load intensities. The higher was the adequate hemodynamic response threshold, the higher were the functional and reserve capacities of the athletes as verified by the SBV (specific blood volume) rate variations under the graduated loads. Therefore, the adequate hemodynamic response threshold may be applied as a body functional and reserve capacity indicator

Йеменский опыт дерадикализации исламизма

The ongoing armed conflict in Yemen between the forces of ousted President M. Hadi, supported by the coalition units of the Gulf monarchies led by Saudi Arabia and the Houthi group Ansar Allah, has a destabilizing effect on the entire Arabian Peninsula as a whole. In this regard, the creation of a deradicalization program and its implementation will help to solve several main tasks. First, to change the worldview of members of Islamist groups and movements from radical to moderate. Secondly, it will significantly reduce the level of instability in the Middle East region, where the majority of armed conflicts is conducted under religious slogans. The main focus of this study is on measures to counter radical Islamism, which were taken by the Yemeni authorities before and after the events of the Arab Spring. At the initial stage, the Yemeni administration’s use of the de-radicalization program showed impressive results. However, the ongoing fighting, as well as the reluctance of the Yemeni elite to Fund the deradicalization programme, led to its closure. The subsequent events of the Arab Spring brought additional instability to the domestic political situation in Yemen. Attempts to revive the program of deradicalization by the new Yemeni administration have failed. In general, the work done by the Yemeni authorities to deradicalize Islamism has demonstrated the ability to use non-violent methods of struggle, but their use is associated with serious financial investments, which the Yemeni state is not yet able to make due to the difficult financial situation caused by the prolonged armed conflict.Работа посвящена проблеме дерадикализации исламизма в Йемене до и после событий «арабской весны». На начальном этапе программа дерадикализации, проводимая йеменской администрацией, показала впечатляющие результаты. Однако нестабильность внутренней ситуации, а также нежелание йеменской элиты финансировать программу привели к ее закрытию. Этому обстоятельству способствовало и то, что в политике администрации по борьбе с радикальными группировками приоритетным было совершенствование силового аппарата. Попытки новой йеменской власти возродить программу дерадикализации после событий «арабской весны» обернулись провалом. В целом проделанная йеменскими властями работа по дерадикализации исламизма продемонстрировала умение применять несиловые методы борьбы, однако их использование связано с серьезными финансовыми вложениями, на которые йеменское государство пойти пока не может из-за тяжелой финансовой ситуации, вызванной затянувшимся вооруженным конфликтом

«Арабская весна» как фактор возникновения салафитских партий на Ближнем Востоке и в Северной Африке

The article is devoted to the analysis of Salafi Islamism. Conservative Salafi Islamism during the events of the Arab spring received a new development. In particular, the fall of authoritarian regimes and the beginning of the democratic process in the Middle East and North Africa led to the creation of Salafi political parties. The Salafi sts believed, that in a favorable political environment, they would be able to defend their legal status and gain some privileges through participating in parliamentary elections. However, the creation of parties has deepened internal divisions within the Salafi movements. In particular, there were supporters among the Salafi sts, who defended the combination of student and political activities against those who considered participation in the political struggle as a temporary tactical action. The result of the disagreement was the emergence of a reformist movement, that began to see participation in politics as a tool for strengthening the position of the Salafi st movement.Статья посвящена проблеме политизации салафизма. Консервативный салафитский исламизм в период событий «арабской весны» получил новое развитие. В частности, падение авторитарных режимов и начавшийся демократический процесс в странах Ближнего Востока и Северной Африки привели к тому, что салафитские движения стали создавать политические партии. Салафиты считали, что в условиях благоприятной политической конъюнктуры им удастся отстоять свой правовой статус и получить некоторые привилегии через участие в парламентских выборах. Однако создание партий привело к углублению разногласий внутри самих салафитских движений. В частности, салафиты разделились на тех, кто отстаивал совмещение проповеднической и политической деятельности, и тех, кто рассматривал участие в политической борьбе в качестве временной тактической акции. Итогом разногласий стало появление реформистского направления, рассматривающего участие в политике как инструмент для укрепления позиций салафитского движения

Qatar and Turkey in the Struggle for Influence in the Republic of Sudan

Катарско-турецкий альянс в период событий «арабской весны» бросил беспрецедентный вызов усиливающейся мощи Саудовской Аравии в арабском регионе. Это проявилось во вмешательстве Анкары и Дохи во внутриполитические дела большинства государств рассматриваемого региона. Однако эта активность вызвала ответные действия со стороны Эр-Рияда, стремившегося нивелировать новую угрозу в лице Катара и Турции.During the Arab Spring, Qatari-Turkish alliance threw an unprecedented challenge to the growing power of Saudi Arabia in the Arab region. This was manifested in the intervention of Ankara and Doha in the internal political affairs of most States of the Arab region. However, such activity caused retaliatory actions on the part of Riyadh, which sought to neutralize the new threat in the face of Qatar and Turkey

The disorders of verbal communication in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2: Causes and treatment

© Medwell Journals, 2015. The study describes the decline of verbal and communicative functions in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. The researchers reveal the causes of verbal communication impairment and describe some methods of its estimation (baseline neurocognitive tests, Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment) as well as the research outcomes. We discuss certain problems of verbal contact in these patients from neurological, neurolinguistic and neuropsychological points of view. Verbal communication disorders evidently declare themselves through short and long-term verbal memory impairments and language attention decline. They negatively affect cognitive functions, significantly reducing the patient’s capability for adequate communication. The researchers suggest some ways of medical and linguistic assistance to patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 in clinical practice. They accentuate the need for timely diagnostics and help for these patients. The research was conducted at Department of Neurology No. 1, Republic Clinical Hospital No. 2 (Kazan, Russia), the clinical base of Kazan Federal University

Катарско-турецкий альянс в борьбе за лидерство в Сомали

The article examines the struggle of the Qatari- Turkish alliance for regional leadership in the Federal Republic of Somalia. The analysis revealed that the foreign policy activity of Turkey and Qatar in Somalia began during the events of the Arab Spring. Ankara and Doha used diplomatic, military and fi nancial instruments to strengthen their infl uence in the country. Moreover, Qatari money played an important role in promoting pro-qatari candidates to power during the 2012 and 2017 presidential elections. However, the eff orts of the Turkish- Qatari alliance to strengthen its position in Somalia have clashed with the interests of the Saudi- Emirati bloc seeking regional dominance. On the other hand, the inability to close the main cooperation with the central government in Somalia forced the UAE to support such autonomous regions as Somaliland, thereby intensifying the destabilization processes in the country.В статье рассматривается борьба катарско- турецкого альянса за региональное лидерство в Федеративной Республике Сомали. В ходе проведенного анализа выясняется, что внешнеполитическая активность Турции и Катара в Сомали началась в период событий «арабской весны». Для усиления своего влияния в стране Анкара и Доха использовали дипломатический, военный и финансовый инструменты. Более того, катарские деньги сыграли важную роль в продвижении к власти прокатарских кандидатов в период президентских выборов 2012 и 2017 гг. Однако усилия турецко- катарского альянса по укреплению своих позиций в Сомали столкнулись с интересами саудовско- эмиратского блока, стремящегося к региональному доминированию. Но неспособность замкнуть на себе основное сотрудничество с центральным правительством Сомали, вынудило ОАЭ поддерживать такие автономные районы, как Сомалиленд, тем самым усиливая дестабилизационные процессы в самом Сомали

Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality Among Patients with COVID-19 Related Stroke

Introduction. COVID-19-related stroke is associated with a significantly higher mortality than COVID-19 or stroke alone. Mechanisms underlying the increased mortality of patients with stroke and COVID-19 should be thoroughly studied. Objective: to analyze predictors of hospital mortality associated with COVID-19-related stroke. Materials and methods. We retrospectively analyzed 1,386 cases of COVID-19-related stroke reported by an infectious diseases inpatient clinic in 2020. We studied clinical, laboratory, and instrumental parameters in patients with different outcomes. Logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of mortality. Results. 539 (38.9%) patients died during their hospital stay, with 437 (38.0%) deaths from ischemic stroke and 102 (42.7%) deaths from hemorrhagic stroke (p = 0.0001). Independent predictors of mortality associated with COVID-19-related stroke included age, neurological deficit severity measured by NIHSS, COVID-19 severity, and laboratory parameters including white blood cell count, creatinine, glucose, and D-dimer blood levels. Discussion. The results of logistic regression analysis were able to explain only 41% of the variability in hospital deaths among patients with stroke associated with COVID-19. Conclusion. Hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19-related stroke is associated with severity of inflammatory response, impaired coagulation, age, neurological deficit severity, and somatic comorbidities

Induction of Apoptosis of Tumor Cells by Oligochitosans (Short Chain Chitosans)

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.An induction of apoptosis by short chain chitosans in human lung carcinoma A549 cells and cow embryonic lung cells was studied. Seventeen well-defined oligochitosans with wide range of molecular weights, from 5.5 to 46.7 kDa, were used in this study. The experiments showed that three oligochitosans with molecular weight 6.1, 7.7, and 9.0 kDa notably induced the high level of apoptosis of human lung carcinoma A549 cells. It presented a dose-dependent manner, and the apoptotic rate amounted to about 29–50 % after treatment with 200 μg/ml oligochitosans for 24 h for A549 cells and 7–17 % for LEC cells in the same conditions. The results obtained show that the oligochitosans are more active in inducing apoptosis and in decreasing viability in A549 cells than LEC, which suggests that it could be a potential chemotherapeutic drug

Устойчивость яиц гельминтов к неблагоприятным физическим, химическим и биологическим факторам окружающей среды (обзор литературы)

Objective of research: The purpose of this paper is the analysis of literature sources on the resistance of some helminth species to unfavorable physical, chemical and biological factors of the environment. Materials and methods: Literature sources that describe the resistance of some species of helminth eggs to unfavorable physical, chemical and biological environmental factors were analyzed. Results and discussion: Nematode eggs ( Parascaris equorum and Ascaris suum) die in water at the temperature of 60 °С for 25-30 sec., at 70-80 °С - for 2 sec.; Ascaridia galli eggs at 45 °С - for 2 hr., at 55 °С - for 2 sec.; Ascaris lumbricoides eggs at 50 °С - for 5 min., at 55-60 °С - for 5 sec. and at 65 °С - for 2 sec. Drying of P. equorum eggs at temperature of 30-36 °С leads to their death after 3-5 days. P. equorum and Ascaris eggs die after 15 min. at temperature of 70 °С. Low air temperatures have different effects on helminth eggs. At temperatures below zero, the metabolic processes and development of P. equorum eggs stop. Concentrated sulfuric, chlorohydric, nitric, carbolic acids as well as creolin, bleach powder, dichloroethane, cresol are mostly used for elimination of helminth eggs. 3 and 5% solutions of disinfectants «Bior-N», «Veltorgan» and «Amocide» can be used for a 100% inhibition of development of ascaris eggs. For the elimination of Ascaris suum eggs, a method of wastewater treatment with the use of phytoplankton Clorella vulgaris and Scenedesmys obliguus has been suggested. Wastewater treated in bioponds is completely cleaned from helminth eggs. Harmful effects of rhizosphere of marigold, pot marigold, barley and millet on helminth eggs were determined. Various protozoa also affect the viability of helminth eggs. So, Amoeba verrucosa can intake ascaris eggs and free larvae released from eggs. Predatory infusoria Bursaria truncatula, Stylonichia mytilus and Stentor sp. intake and ascaris eggs, coracidia of Pseudophyllidea and miracidia of Fasciola hepatica , and completely digest them within 24-72 hrs. Oligochaeta, Bedford’s flatworms (Pseudobiceros bedfordi), aquatic insects, Crustacea and mollusks take part in the elimination of helminth eggs.Цель исследования - сделать анализ литературных источников по устойчивости яиц некоторых видов гельминтов к неблагоприятным физическим, химическим и биологическим факторам окружающей среды. Материалы и методы. Проанализированы литературные источники по изучению устойчивости яиц некоторых видов гельминтов к неблагоприятным физическим, химическим и биологическим факторам окружающей среды. Результаты и обсуждение. За 2 с погибают в воде яйца Parascaris equorum и Ascaris suum, Ascaridia galli, A. lumbricoides при температуре соответственно 70-80 °С, 55, 65 °С. Высушивание яиц P. equorum при температуре 30-36 °С приводит их к гибели через 3-5 сут. При температуре 70 °С яйца P. equorum и аскаридий погибают через 15 мин. Низкие температуры воздуха по-разному действуют на яйца гельминтов. При отрицательных температурах приостанавливаются обменные процессы и развитие яиц P. equorum . Наиболее часто для уничтожения яиц гельминтов используют концентрированную серную кислоту, соляную, азотную, карболовую кислоты, креолин, хлорную известь, дихлорэтан, крезол и т. д. Для 100%-ного ингибирования развития яиц аскарид можно применять 3 и 5%-ные растворы дезинфицирующих препаратов «Биор-Н», «Велторган» и «Амоцид». С целью уничтожения яиц свиной аскариды был предложен метод очистки сточных вод с применением фитопланктона Clorella vulgaris и Scenedesmys obliguus . Очищенная в биопрудах сточная жидкость полностью очищается от яиц гельминтов. Установлено губительное влияние на яйца гельминтов ризосферы бархатцев, календулы, ячменя, проса. Различные простейшие организмы также оказывают влияние на выживаемость яиц гельминтов. Так, Amoeba verrucosa способна захватывать яйца аскарид и свободные личинки, вышедшие из яиц. Хищные инфузории Bursaria truncatula, Stylonichia mytilus и Stentor sp. поглощают яйца аскарид, корацидиев широкого лентеца и мирацидиев печеночной двуустки и полностью переваривают их в течение 24-72 ч. В элиминации яиц гельминтов принимают участие олигохеты, ресничные черви, водные насекомые, ракообразные и моллюски