Shrimp quality response to chemical treatments

This study was undertaken to determine the penetration trend of tetra sodium pyrophosphate, phosphoric acid, and sodium chloride into raw shrimp, and their effect on water-holding capacity, texture, and color of raw and cooked shrimp. Shrimp were treated with 5 percent tetra sodium pyrophosphate, 5 percent phosphoric acid, and 5 percent sodium chloride for five, 10, and 15 minutes. The penetration was determined by measuring the amount of phosphorus and chlorine at three levels (outer, intermediary, and center) of raw shrimp. Water-holding capacity was determined by measuring the area of the pressed juice of shrimp samples on a Harco-Hydraulic Press. Allo-Kramer Shear Press, with recorder attached, was used to determine the texture of the samples. The changes in the color of shrimp were recorded by color-eye. Under the experimental conditions reported in this study, several results were indicated. The concentration of tetra sodium pyrophosphate, phosphoric acid, and sodium chloride was highest in the outer layer and decreased toward the center. When compared with the control, both tetra sodium pyrophosphate, and sodium chloride improved the texture and water-holding capacity of shrimp; however, tetra sodium pyrophosphate, had a greater effect than sodium chloride. Phosphoric acid had an in-verse effect. Treatments did not differ markedly in their effect on the color of raw shrimp; however, tetra sodium pyrophosphate, differs markedly from the other treatments In Its effect on the whiteness of cooked shrimp

Transit and Trade Barriers in Eastern South Asia: A Review of the Transit Regime and Performance of Strategic Border-Crossings

The analysis of this paper shows that a regional transit arrangement would perhaps enhance the regional trade, controlling for other variables. At the same time, implementation of e-governance at border is found to be significant determinant of trade flows thus indicating e-filling of Custom formalities has been helping the trade to grow in eastern South Asia.Transit, Trade Barriers, Eastern South Asia, Transit Regime

Stripline/Microstrip Transition in Multilayer Circuit Board

A stripline-to-microstrip transition has been incorporated into a multilayer circuit board that supports a distributed solid-state microwave power amplifier, for the purpose of coupling the microwave signal from a buried-layer stripline to a top-layer microstrip. The design of the transition could be adapted to multilayer circuit boards in such products as cellular telephones (for connecting between circuit-board signal lines and antennas), transmitters for Earth/satellite communication systems, and computer mother boards (if processor speeds increase into the range of tens of gigahertz). The transition is designed to satisfy the following requirements in addition to the basic coupling requirement described above: (1) The transition must traverse multiple layers, including intermediate layers that contain DC circuitry. (2) The transition must work at a frequency of 32 GHz with low loss and low reflection. (3) The power delivered by the transition to top-layer microstrip must be split equally in opposite directions along the microstrip. Referring to the figure, this amounts to a requirement that when power is supplied to input port 1, equal amounts of power flow through output ports 2 and 3. (4) The signal-line via that is necessarily a part of such a transition must not be what is known in the art as a blind via; that is, it must span the entire thickness of the circuit board

Rectenna for high-voltage applications

An energy transfer system is disclosed. The system includes patch elements, shielding layers, and energy rectifying circuits. The patch elements receive and couple radio frequency energy. The shielding layer includes at least one opening that allows radio frequency energy to pass through. The openings are formed and positioned to receive the radio frequency energy and to minimize any re-radiating back toward the source of energy. The energy rectifying circuit includes a circuit for rectifying the radio frequency energy into dc energy. A plurality of energy rectifying circuits is arranged in an array to provide a sum of dc energy generated by the energy rectifying circuit

A STUDY REGARDING THE PREVAILING OF STRESS AMONG THE COLLEGE PLAYER IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA

This study aimed to explore the prevailing level of stress among male and female college players. All the college players of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa formulated the population of the study of which a sample of 490 was drawn having 50% male and 50% female subjects. A research tool-questionnaire was developed with the help of literature, which was pilot tested having Cronbach alpha value as 0.870 before lunching in the field. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The data analysis revealed that the college players feel stress due to various reasons i.e. domination of opponents, self-poor performance and team, commitment of mistake, no cooperation among the team members, biased decision of the referee, competitions of vital importance, poor fitness level and expectation of people. It is concluded that the college players experience major stress as mental stress, psychological stress and emotional stress. The responses of male and female college players were compared and their expression regarding stress was almost similar. It is proposed that proper guidance and counseling services can be made beneficial for college players in order to overcome or minimize the stress and enhance the performance

A STUDY REGARDING THE PREVAILING OF STRESS AMONG THE COLLEGE PLAYER IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA

This study aimed to explore the prevailing level of stress among male and female college players. All the college players of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa formulated the population of the study of which a sample of 490 was drawn having 50% male and 50% female subjects. A research tool-questionnaire was developed with the help of literature, which was pilot tested having Cronbach alpha value as 0.870 before lunching in the field. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The data analysis revealed that the college players feel stress due to various reasons i.e. domination of opponents, self-poor performance and team, commitment of mistake, no cooperation among the team members, biased decision of the referee, competitions of vital importance, poor fitness level and expectation of people. It is concluded that the college players experience major stress as mental stress, psychological stress and emotional stress. The responses of male and female college players were compared and their expression regarding stress was almost similar. It is proposed that proper guidance and counseling services can be made beneficial for college players in order to overcome or minimize the stress and enhance the performance

Giant ganglioneuroma in a 5-year child

ABSTRACT We report a 5-year boy presenting with pain in the lower chest and upper abdomen. On evaluation with computed tomography scan of the chest, he was found to have a large 16 x 14 cm posterior mediastinal mass compressing the inferior vena cava and liver, and shifting the heart to the opposite side. Tumor was approached via right postero-lateral thoracotomy and dissected off from esophagus, heart, inferior vena cava and lungs. The entire tumor was resected without any complications. Postoperative course was unremarkable. Resection of the tumor was successful. The histopathology showed it to be giant ganglioneuroma with no evidence of malignancy

Carbon Nanofibers Synthesized on Selective Substrates for Nonvolatile Memory and 3D Electronics

A plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) growth technique has been developed where the choice of starting substrate was found to influence the electrical characteristics of the resulting carbon nanofiber (CNF) tubes. It has been determined that, if the tubes are grown on refractory metallic nitride substrates, then the resulting tubes formed with dc PECVD are also electrically conducting. Individual CNFs were formed by first patterning Ni catalyst islands using ebeam evaporation and liftoff. The CNFs were then synthesized using dc PECVD with C2H2:NH3 = [1:4] at 5 Torr and 700 C, and approximately equal to 200-W plasma power. Tubes were grown directly on degenerately doped silicon substrates with resistivity rho approximately equal to 1-5 meterohm-centimeter, as well as NbTiN. The approximately equal to 200-nanometer thick refractory NbTiN deposited using magnetron sputtering had rho approximately equal to 113 microohm-centimeter and was also chemically compatible with CNF synthesis. The sample was then mounted on a 45 beveled Al holder, and placed inside a SEM (scanning electron microscope). A nanomanipulator probe stage was placed inside the SEM equipped with an electrical feed-through, where tungsten probes were used to make two-terminal electrical measurements with an HP 4156C parameter analyzer. The positive terminal nanoprobe was mechanically manipulated to physically contact an individual CNF grown directly on NbTiN as shown by the SEM image in the inset of figure (a), while the negative terminal was grounded to the substrate. This revealed the tube was electrically conductive, although measureable currents could not be detected until approximately equal to 6 V, after which point current increased sharply until compliance (approximately equal to 50 nA) was reached at approximately equal to 9.5 V. A native oxide on the tungsten probe tips may contribute to a tunnel barrier, which could be the reason for the suppressed transport at low biases. Currents up to approximately 100 nA could be cycled, which are likely to propagate via the tube surface, or sidewalls, rather than the body, which is shown by the I-V in figure (a). Electrical conduction via the sidewalls is a necessity for dc NEMS (nanoelectromechanical system) applications, more so than for the field emission applications of such tubes. During the tests, high conductivity was expected, because both probes were shorted to the substrate, as shown by curve 1 in the I-V characteristic in figure (b). When a tube grown on NbTiN was probed, the response was similar to the approximately equal to 100 nA and is represented by curve 2 in figure (b), which could be cycled and propagated via the tube surface or the sidewalls. However, no measureable currents for the tube grown directly on Si were observed as shown by curve 3 in figure (b), even after testing over a range of samples. This could arise from a dielectric coating on the sidewalls for tubes on Si. As a result of the directional nature of ion bombardment during dc PECVD, Si from the substrate is likely re-sputtered and possibly coats the sidewalls