Azteca_data

The associated data of the manuscript "Disentangling endogenous versus exogenous pattern formation in spatial ecology: A case study of the ant Azteca sericeasur in southern Mexico". Data is contained within a .zip file and is described by the readme, also within

List of studies included in the scoping review, including authors and year, country of origin, study design, type of migrant population, age range, and sex.

List of studies included in the scoping review, including authors and year, country of origin, study design, type of migrant population, age range, and sex.</p

PRISMA flow diagram of the scoping review process.

PRISMA flow diagram of the scoping review process.</p

Diagrammatic representation of barriers and facilitators to HIV service use by migrant youth and adolescents, organized by the SEM.

Diagrammatic representation of barriers and facilitators to HIV service use by migrant youth and adolescents, organized by the SEM.</p

Search term keywords.

Both migrants and young people experience disproportionately high rates of HIV acquisition and poor access to HIV prevention and treatment services. To develop effective interventions and reach epidemic control, it is necessary to understand the barriers and facilitators to accessing HIV services among migrant youth. We conducted a scoping review to identify these factors for migrant youth ages 15–24, globally. We conducted a PRISMA-concordant scoping review using keyword searches in PUBMED and Web of Science for peer-reviewed primary literature published between January 2012 and October 2022. We included studies that investigated barriers and facilitators to accessing services for migrant youth participants. We used the Socio-Ecological Model as an analytical framework. The 20 studies meeting the inclusion criteria spanned 10 countries, of which 80% (n = 16) were low- and middle-income countries. Study methods included were quantitative (40%), qualitative (55%), and mixed methods (5%). Six studies included refugee youth (30%), 6 included migrant worker youth (30%), 3 included immigrant youth (15%), 2 included rural migrant youth (10%), and 1 included immigrants and refugees. The remainder represented unspecified migrant youth populations (10%). At the individual level, education level and fear of infection acted as barriers and facilitators to HIV services. At the relationship level, social support and power in relationships acted as barriers and facilitators to HIV services. At the community level, barriers to HIV services included discrimination and stigma, while community and religious outreach efforts facilitated access to HIV services. At the structural level, barriers to HIV services included stigmatizing social norms, lack of health insurance, and legal barriers. Migrant youth face significant, unique barriers to accessing HIV services. However, facilitators exist that can be leveraged to enable access. Future implementation science research, enabling policies, and adapted programmatic interventions should prioritize migrant youth as a distinctive sub-population to receive targeted HIV services.</div

Data extraction template.

Both migrants and young people experience disproportionately high rates of HIV acquisition and poor access to HIV prevention and treatment services. To develop effective interventions and reach epidemic control, it is necessary to understand the barriers and facilitators to accessing HIV services among migrant youth. We conducted a scoping review to identify these factors for migrant youth ages 15–24, globally. We conducted a PRISMA-concordant scoping review using keyword searches in PUBMED and Web of Science for peer-reviewed primary literature published between January 2012 and October 2022. We included studies that investigated barriers and facilitators to accessing services for migrant youth participants. We used the Socio-Ecological Model as an analytical framework. The 20 studies meeting the inclusion criteria spanned 10 countries, of which 80% (n = 16) were low- and middle-income countries. Study methods included were quantitative (40%), qualitative (55%), and mixed methods (5%). Six studies included refugee youth (30%), 6 included migrant worker youth (30%), 3 included immigrant youth (15%), 2 included rural migrant youth (10%), and 1 included immigrants and refugees. The remainder represented unspecified migrant youth populations (10%). At the individual level, education level and fear of infection acted as barriers and facilitators to HIV services. At the relationship level, social support and power in relationships acted as barriers and facilitators to HIV services. At the community level, barriers to HIV services included discrimination and stigma, while community and religious outreach efforts facilitated access to HIV services. At the structural level, barriers to HIV services included stigmatizing social norms, lack of health insurance, and legal barriers. Migrant youth face significant, unique barriers to accessing HIV services. However, facilitators exist that can be leveraged to enable access. Future implementation science research, enabling policies, and adapted programmatic interventions should prioritize migrant youth as a distinctive sub-population to receive targeted HIV services.</div

Effects of Reducing Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling-3 (SOCS3) Expression on Dendritic Outgrowth and Demyelination after Spinal Cord Injury

<div><p>Suppressors of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) is associated with limitations of nerve growth capacity after injury to the central nervous system. Although genetic manipulations of SOCS3 can enhance axonal regeneration after optic injury, the role of SOCS3 in dendritic outgrowth after spinal cord injury (SCI) is still unclear. The present study investigated the endogenous expression of SOCS3 and its role in regulating neurite outgrowth <i>in vitro</i>. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) induces SOCS3 expression at the mRNA and protein levels in neuroscreen-1 (NS-1) cells. In parallel to SOCS3 expression, IL-6 induced tyrosine phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in NS-1 cells. Lentiviral delivery of short hairpin RNA (shSOCS3) (Lenti-shSOCS3) to decrease SOCS3 expression into NS-1 cells enhanced IL-6-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 (P-STAT3 Tyr705) and promoted neurite outgrowth. In addition, we determined if reduction of SOCS3 expression by microinjection of Lenti-shSOCS3 into spinal cord enhances dendrite outgrowth in spinal cord neurons after SCI. Knocking down of SOCS3 in spinal cord neurons with Lenti-shSOCS3 increased complete SCI-induced P-STAT3 Tyr705. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that complete SCI induced a significant reduction of microtubule association protein 2-positive (MAP-2+) dendrites in the gray and white matter at 1 and 4 weeks after injury. The SCI-induced reduction of MAP-2+ dendrites was inhibited by infection with Lenti-shSOCS3 in areas both rostral and caudal to the lesion at 1 and 4 weeks after complete SCI. Furthermore, shSOCS3 treatment enhanced up-regulation of growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43) expression, which co-localized with MAP-2+ dendrites in white matter and with MAP-2+ cell bodies in gray matter, indicating Lenti-shSOCS3 may induce dendritic regeneration after SCI. Moreover, we demonstrated that Lenti-shSOCS3 decreased SCI-induced demyelination in white matter of spinal cord both rostral and caudal to the injury site 1 week post-injury, but not rostral to the injury at 4 weeks post-injury. Importantly, similar effects as Lenti-shSOCS3 on increasing MAP-2+ intensity and dendrite length, and preventing demyelination were observed when a second shSOCS3 (Lenti-shSOCS3 #2) was applied to rule out the possibilities of off target effects of shRNA. Collectively, these results suggest that knocking down of SOCS3 enhances dendritic regeneration and prevents demyelination after SCI.</p></div

Distribution of MAP-2+ dendrites in the spinal cord after T8 complete SCI.

<p>A, Representative images of a spinal cord transverse section (rostral to the injured site) from sham (con; n = 3), Lenti-shSOCS3- (Tx + shSOCS3, n = 6), Lenti-shSOCS3 #2- (Tx + shSOCS3 #2, n = 3) or Lenti-pGipz-infected (Tx + pGipz, n = 4) animals showing that both Lenti-shSOCS3 and Lenti-shSOCS3 #2 significantly decreased SCI (Tx)-induced loss of MAP-2+ dendrites 1 week after SCI, but such effects were attenuated by Lenti-shSOCS3 at 4 weeks (n = 3 for con, n = 4 for Tx + pGipz, n = 4 for Tx + shSOCS3) post-injury. Scale bar, 250 μm. Quantification of MAP-2 immunoreactive intensity in spinal cords harvested at 1 (B-E) or 4 weeks (F-G) after SCI with Lenti-shSOCS3, Lenti-shSOCS3 #2, or Lenti-pGipz infection were analyzed in either gray (B, D, and F) or white matter (C, E, and G). The immunoreactivities of MAP-2 in both gray (B, D, and F) and white matter (C, E, and G) following Lenti-shSOCS3 infection were significantly higher than those following Lenti-pGipz infection in areas both rostral and caudal to the injured site both 1 week (B-E) and 4 weeks (F-G) after SCI. ***p < 0.001 compared to sham control; ^p<0.05, ^^p<0.01, and ^^^p < 0.001 compared to Lenti-pGipz infection (one-way ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls analyses). H-I, Immunoblot analyses showed that expression of MAP-2 was enhanced by Lenti-shSOCS3 (n = 3) 1 week after complete SCI in areas both rostral (R) and caudal (C) to the injured site. ***p<0.001 compared to sham control group (n = 3); ^p<0.05 and ^^p<0.01 compared to Lenti-pGipz-infected group (n = 3); (one-way ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls analyses).</p

PRISMA-ScR checklist.

Both migrants and young people experience disproportionately high rates of HIV acquisition and poor access to HIV prevention and treatment services. To develop effective interventions and reach epidemic control, it is necessary to understand the barriers and facilitators to accessing HIV services among migrant youth. We conducted a scoping review to identify these factors for migrant youth ages 15–24, globally. We conducted a PRISMA-concordant scoping review using keyword searches in PUBMED and Web of Science for peer-reviewed primary literature published between January 2012 and October 2022. We included studies that investigated barriers and facilitators to accessing services for migrant youth participants. We used the Socio-Ecological Model as an analytical framework. The 20 studies meeting the inclusion criteria spanned 10 countries, of which 80% (n = 16) were low- and middle-income countries. Study methods included were quantitative (40%), qualitative (55%), and mixed methods (5%). Six studies included refugee youth (30%), 6 included migrant worker youth (30%), 3 included immigrant youth (15%), 2 included rural migrant youth (10%), and 1 included immigrants and refugees. The remainder represented unspecified migrant youth populations (10%). At the individual level, education level and fear of infection acted as barriers and facilitators to HIV services. At the relationship level, social support and power in relationships acted as barriers and facilitators to HIV services. At the community level, barriers to HIV services included discrimination and stigma, while community and religious outreach efforts facilitated access to HIV services. At the structural level, barriers to HIV services included stigmatizing social norms, lack of health insurance, and legal barriers. Migrant youth face significant, unique barriers to accessing HIV services. However, facilitators exist that can be leveraged to enable access. Future implementation science research, enabling policies, and adapted programmatic interventions should prioritize migrant youth as a distinctive sub-population to receive targeted HIV services.</div

Reduced SOCS3 expression contributed to neuritic outgrowth in NS-1 cells.

<p>NS-1 cells were infected with Lenti-shSOCS3 (shSOCS3) or Lenti-pGipz (pGipz), then treated with IL-6 for 1 h, and harvested for analyses by qRT-PCR of SOCS3 mRNA expression (A) or by immunoblotting of SOCS3, P-STAT3 Tyr705, or total STAT3 (B). The densitometric ratios of P-STAT3 Tyr705 versus total STAT3 were calculated and are shown as fold increases. Graphs represent the mean ± SEM of triplicate cultures per group at each time point from three separate experiments. **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 compared to control and Lenti-pGipz-infected cultures; ^^p<0.01, ^^^p<0.001 compared to IL-6-treated and Lenti-pGipz-infected cultures. C, NS-1 cells were infected with Lenti-shSOCS3 or Lenti-pGipz and then treated with IL-6 for 3 days. The length of neurites per cell was quantified using LAS AF software. Graphs represent the mean ± SEM of triplicate culture dishes per group at each time point from three separate experiments. ***p<0.001 compared to control and Lenti-pGipz-infected; ^^^p<0.001 compared to IL-6-treated and Lenti-pGipz-infected cultures. D, Representative images of NS-1 cells from Lenti-shSOCS3- or Lenti-pGipz-infected cultures, with or without IL-6 treatment. Scale bar, 25 μm.</p