Role of depreciation and the investment tax credit in tax policy and their influence on financial reporting during the 20th century

Since the inception of the modern income tax, the investment tax credit and depreciation have been some of the most modified provisions. This paper traces the history of major changes in depreciation and the investment tax credit along with the tax policy justifications given at the time the changes were made. In addition, the influence of tax depreciation on financial reporting is also discussed. An historical perspective of these two major provisions in tax should be helpful to policymakers and researchers attempting to assess the effectiveness of these policies

The Revised Model Tax Curriculum

The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) first developed the Model Tax Curriculum (MTC) in 1996 and modified it in 1999. Subsequent changes in the accounting profession and education caused a reexamination of the MTC resulting in a complete revision in 2007. The revised MTC is learning outcome-based and views the accounting curriculum in its entirety. The revised MTC includes a detailed matrix relating its proposed learning outcomes to the AICPA core competencies and tax technical topics commonly included in tax curricula. The matrix offers accounting faculty one example of an approach to be used in achieving the MTC learning outcomes. This approach can serve as a useful starting point to faculty in formulating and documenting their own approaches to developing student competencies that achieve the revised MTC learning objectives. This paper details the development of the MTC and provides an overview of the revised MTC. It also offers pedagogical suggestions helpful for implementing the MTC

A global metagenomic map of urban microbiomes and antimicrobial resistance

We present a global atlas of 4,728 metagenomic samples from mass-transit systems in 60 cities over 3 years, representing the first systematic, worldwide catalog of the urban microbial ecosystem. This atlas provides an annotated, geospatial profile of microbial strains, functional characteristics, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) markers, and genetic elements, including 10,928 viruses, 1,302 bacteria, 2 archaea, and 838,532 CRISPR arrays not found in reference databases. We identified 4,246 known species of urban microorganisms and a consistent set of 31 species found in 97% of samples that were distinct from human commensal organisms. Profiles of AMR genes varied widely in type and density across cities. Cities showed distinct microbial taxonomic signatures that were driven by climate and geographic differences. These results constitute a high-resolution global metagenomic atlas that enables discovery of organisms and genes, highlights potential public health and forensic applications, and provides a culture-independent view of AMR burden in cities