65 research outputs found
Using giant scarlet runner bean embryos to uncover regulatory networks controlling suspensor gene activity.
One of the major unsolved issues in plant development is understanding the regulatory networks that control the differential gene activity that is required for the specification and development of the two major embryonic regions, the embryo proper and suspensor. Historically, the giant embryo of scarlet runner bean (SRB), Phaseolus coccineus, has been used as a model system to investigate the physiological events that occur early in embryogenesis-focusing on the question of what role the suspensor region plays. A major feature distinguishing SRB embryos from those of other plants is a highly enlarged suspensor containing at least 200 cells that synthesize growth regulators required for subsequent embryonic development. Recent studies have exploited the giant size of the SRB embryo to micro-dissect the embryo proper and suspensor regions in order to use genomics-based approaches to identify regulatory genes that may be involved in controlling suspensor and embryo proper differentiation, as well as the cellular processes that may be unique to each embryonic region. Here we review the current genomics resources that make SRB embryos a compelling model system for studying the early events required to program embryo development
Community Court: The Research Literature
The first community court opened in Midtown Manhattan in 1993. Focusing on quality-of-life offenses, such as drug possession, shoplifting, vandalism,and prostitution, the Midtown Community Court sought to combine punishment and help, sentencing low-level offenders to perform visible community restitution, receive on site social services, including drug treatment, counseling, and job training. There are currently more than 60 community court projects in operation worldwide. In the United States alone there are 33 while there are 17 in South Africa, 13 in England and Wales, and one each in Australia and Canada.Community courts seek to achieve a variety of goals, such as reduced crime, increased engagement between citizens and the courts, improved perceptions of neighborhood safety, greater accountability for low level,"quality-of-life" offenders, speedier and more meaningful case resolutions, and cost savings. In advancing these goals, community courts generally make greater use of community-based sanctions than traditional courts (Hakuta, Soroushian,and Kralstein, 2008; Katz, 2009; Sviridoff et al., 2000; Weidner and Davis, 2000). Among a sample of 25 community courts surveyed in 2007, 92 percent routinely use community service mandates, and 84 percent routinely use social services mandates (Karafin, 2008). This paper reviews the research literature to date about community courts. Community court studies have employed a number of different research methods, reflecting the variation in community court models
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A shared cis-regulatory module activates transcription in the suspensor of plant embryos.
The mechanisms controlling the transcription of gene sets in specific regions of a plant embryo shortly after fertilization remain unknown. Previously, we showed that G564 mRNA, encoding a protein of unknown function, accumulates to high levels in the giant suspensor of both Scarlet Runner Bean (SRB) and Common Bean embryos, and a cis-regulatory module containing three unique DNA sequences, designated as the 10-bp, Region 2, and Fifth motifs, is required for G564 suspensor-specific transcription [Henry KF, et al. (2015) Plant Mol Biol 88:207-217; Kawashima T, et al. (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:3627-3632]. We tested the hypothesis that these motifs are also required for transcription of the SRB GA 20-oxidase gene, which encodes a gibberellic acid hormone biosynthesis enzyme and is coexpressed with G564 at a high level in giant bean suspensors. We used deletion and gain-of-function experiments in transgenic tobacco embryos to show that two GA 20-oxidase DNA regions are required for suspensor-specific transcription, one in the 5' UTR (+119 to +205) and another in the 5' upstream region (-341 to -316). Mutagenesis of sequences in these two regions determined that the cis-regulatory motifs required for G564 suspensor transcription are also required for GA 20-oxidase transcription within the suspensor, although the motif arrangement differs. Our results demonstrate the flexibility of motif positioning within a cis-regulatory module that activates gene transcription within giant bean suspensors and suggest that G564 and GA 20-oxidase comprise part of a suspensor gene regulatory network
A Shared \u3cem\u3eCis\u3c/em\u3e-Regulatory Module Activates Transcription in the Suspensor of Plant Embryos
The mechanisms controlling the transcription of gene sets in specific regions of a plant embryo shortly after fertilization remain unknown. Previously, we showed that G564 mRNA, encoding a protein of unknown function, accumulates to high levels in the giant suspensor of both Scarlet Runner Bean (SRB) and Common Bean embryos, and a cis-regulatory module containing three unique DNA sequences, designated as the 10-bp, Region 2, and Fifth motifs, is required for G564 suspensor-specific transcription [Henry KF, et al. (2015) Plant Mol Biol 88:207–217; Kawashima T, et al. (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:3627–3632]. We tested the hypothesis that these motifs are also required for transcription of the SRB GA 20-oxidase gene, which encodes a gibberellic acid hormone biosynthesis enzyme and is coexpressed with G564 at a high level in giant bean suspensors. We used deletion and gain-of-function experiments in transgenic tobacco embryos to show that two GA 20-oxidase DNA regions are required for suspensor-specific transcription, one in the 5′ UTR (+119 to +205) and another in the 5′ upstream region (−341 to −316). Mutagenesis of sequences in these two regions determined that the cis-regulatory motifs required for G564 suspensor transcription are also required for GA 20-oxidase transcription within the suspensor, although the motif arrangement differs. Our results demonstrate the flexibility of motif positioning within a cis-regulatory module that activates gene transcription within giant bean suspensors and suggest that G564 and GA 20-oxidase comprise part of a suspensor gene regulatory network
The Vehicle, Spring 1981
Vol. 22, No. 2
Table of Contents
Old Farmers at the Arcade CafeJohn Stockmanpage 4
ConfettiCathy Georgepage 6
Ode to a Corned Beef SandwichJeff Bennettpage 6
The Ice on Kirschner\u27s CreekScott Fishelpage 7
Love Poem to LindaJohn Stockmanpage 7
Grandfather\u27s PortraitJames Marshpage 8
The MassageKathleen Alakspage 9
A Driving ForceSandy Youngpage 10
King DandelionNancy Siebenpage 12
One Afternoon - Contemplating HouseworkKelli Sanderpage 13
Tent WallsAndy Sudkamppage 14
The SentinelElise Hempelpage 16
Daddy\u27s AftershaveJeff Bennettpage 16
The WeddingChris Goerlichpage 17
UntitledCarol Hansenpage 17
Treasures in the YardScott Fishelpage 18
Hitchhiker\u27s BootsAndy Sudkamppage 20
The RaffleLaura Henrypage 21
A Walk at NightJudi Jinespage 24
Morning in the DumpJeff Bennettpage 24
In Praise of Chocolate Ice CreamJohn Stockmanpage 25
Summer on the Isle of PalmsElisabeth Cristpage 26
The WaveHerbert S. Demminpage 27
RememberingJohn Kleinsteiberpage 27
PotatoJohn Stockmanpage 28
Late ShowChris Goerlichpage 30
Love in Him - JoeDebbie Klinnertpage 31
ShoeScott Fishelpage 35
The DrinkerBob Huntpage 36
The WidowGeorge Ndu Igbudupage 37
ElectricityScott Fishelpage 37
Hatchet JackB.L. Davidsonpage 39
Walking Home LateJohn Stockmanpage 41
NovemberCindy Hubbarttpage 41
On the BusLaura Henrypage 42
HaikuJames Marshpage 43
SpillwayGloria Rhoadspage 43
Art
Cover design by Linda Fraembs
PhotographRobin Scholzpage 3
PhotographRobin Scholzpage 5
PhotographMichelle Glassmeyerpage 15
PhotographRobert Schinaglpage 19
PhotographTom Robertspage 38
PhotographRobert Schinaglpage 44https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1039/thumbnail.jp
Playthings in Early Modernity: Party Games, Word Games, Mind Games
Why do we play games—with and upon each other as well as ourselves? When are winners also losers, and vice-versa? How and to what end do we stretch the spaces of play? What happens when players go ‘out of bounds,’ or when games go ‘too far’? Moreover, what happens when we push the parameters of inquiry: when we play with traditional narratives of ludic culture, when we re-write the rules? An innovative volume of fifteen interdisciplinary essays at the nexus of material culture, performance studies, and game theory, Playthings in Early Modernity emphasizes the rules of the game(s) as well as the breaking of those rules. Thus, the titular ‘plaything’ is understood as both an object and a person, and play, in the early modern world, is treated not merely as a pastime, a leisurely pursuit, but as a pivotal part of daily life, a strategic psychosocial endeavor
GWAS of QRS Duration Identifies New Loci Specific to Hispanic/Latino Populations
BACKGROUND: The electrocardiographically quantified QRS duration measures ventricular depolarization and conduction. QRS prolongation has been associated with poor heart failure prognosis and cardiovascular mortality, including sudden death. While previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 32 QRS SNPs across 26 loci among European, African, and Asian-descent populations, the genetics of QRS among Hispanics/Latinos has not been previously explored.
METHODS: We performed a GWAS of QRS duration among Hispanic/Latino ancestry populations (n = 15,124) from four studies using 1000 Genomes imputed genotype data (adjusted for age, sex, global ancestry, clinical and study-specific covariates). Study-specific results were combined using fixed-effects, inverse variance-weighted meta-analysis.
RESULTS: We identified six loci associated with QRS (P
CONCLUSIONS: Our QRS duration GWAS, the first in Hispanic/Latino populations, identified two new loci, underscoring the utility of extending large scale genomic studies to currently under-examined populations
Comparative genomics of four closely related Clostridium perfringens bacteriophages reveals variable evolution among core genes with therapeutic potential
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