Demonstration of a Quantum Gate using Electromagnetically Induced Transparency

We demonstrate a native $\mathrm{CNOT}$ gate between two individually addressed neutral atoms based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). This protocol utilizes the strong long-range interactions of Rydberg states to enable conditional state transfer on the target qubit when operated in the blockade regime. An advantage of this scheme is it enables implementation of multi-qubit CNOT$^k$ gates using a pulse sequence independent of qubit number, and provides an simple gate for efficient implementation of quantum algorithms and error correction. We achieve a loss corrected gate fidelity of $\mathcal{F}_\mathrm{CNOT}^\mathrm{cor} = 0.82(6)$, and prepare an entangled Bell-state with $\mathcal{F}_\mathrm{Bell}^\mathrm{cor} = 0.66(5)$, limited at present by laser power. We present a number of technical improvements to advance this to a level required for fault-tolerant scaling.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures plus Supplementary Materia

Fluctuating magnetic moments in liquid metals

We re-analyze literature data on neutron scattering by liquid metals to show that non-magnetic liquid metals possess a magnetic moment that fluctuates on a picosecond time scale. This time scale follows the motion of the cage-diffusion process in which an ion rattles around in the cage formed by its neighbors. We find that these fluctuating magnetic moments are present in liquid Hg, Al, Ga and Pb, and possibly also in the alkali metals.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures, submitted to PR

Elderly with Autism: Executive Functions and Memory

Cognitive autism research is mainly focusing on children and young adults even though we know that autism is a life-long disorder and that healthy aging already has a strong impact on cognitive functioning. We compared the neuropsychological profile of 23 individuals with autism and 23 healthy controls (age range 51–83 years). Deficits were observed in attention, working memory, and fluency. Aging had a smaller impact on fluency in the high functioning autism (HFA) group than in the control group, while aging had a more profound effect on visual memory performance in the HFA group. Hence, we provide novel evidence that elderly with HFA have subtle neuropsychological deficits and that the developmental trajectories differ between elderly with and without HFA in particular cognitive domains

Identifying the research, advocacy, policy and implementation needs for the prevention and management of respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection in low- and middle-income countries

Introduction: The high burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in young children disproportionately occurs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The PROUD (Preventing RespiratOry syncytial virUs in unDerdeveloped countries) Taskforce of 24 RSV worldwide experts assessed key needs for RSV prevention in LMICs, including vaccine and newer preventive measures. Methods: A global, survey-based study was undertaken in 2021. An online questionnaire was developed following three meetings of the Taskforce panellists wherein factors related to RSV infection, its prevention and management were identified using iterative questioning. Each factor was scored, by non-panellists interested in RSV, on a scale of zero (very-low-relevance) to 100 (very-high-relevance) within two scenarios: (1) Current and (2) Future expectations for RSV management. Results: Ninety questionnaires were completed: 70 by respondents (71.4% physicians; 27.1% researchers/scientists) from 16 LMICs and 20 from nine high-income (HI) countries (90.0% physicians; 5.0% researchers/scientists), as a reference group. Within LMICs, RSV awareness was perceived to be low, and management was not prioritised. Of the 100 factors scored, those related to improved diagnosis particularly access to affordable point-of-care diagnostics, disease burden data generation, clinical and general education, prompt access to new interventions, and engagement with policymakers/payers were identified of paramount importance. There was a strong need for clinical education and local data generation in the lowest economies, whereas upper-middle income countries were more closely aligned with HI countries in terms of current RSV service provision. Conclusion: Seven key actions for improving RSV prevention and management in LMICs are proposed

Strong coupling and active cooling in a finite temperature hybrid atom-cavity system

For a standard two-level atom coupled to the quantized field of a resonant cavity, finite-temperature effects lead to thermal occupation of the cavity modes that obfuscates measurement of the quantum nature of the atom-light interaction. In this paper we demonstrate that using a hybrid system of a superconducting cavity coupled to a multilevel Rydberg atom, it is possible to observe the quantum nature of strong coupling even at finite temperatures and to exploit this coupling to permit cooling of the thermal microwave mode towards the ground state, enabling observation of coherent vacuum Rabi oscillations even at 4 K for realistic experimental parameters. Cooling for multiple atoms is also explored, showing maximal cooling for small samples, making this a viable approach to cavity cooling with potential applications in long-range coupling of superconducting qubits via thermal waveguides

Analysis of recovered tourniquets from casualties of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation New Dawn.

BACKGROUND: Tourniquet use recently became common in war, but knowledge gaps remain regarding analysis of recovered devices. The purpose of this study was to analyze tourniquets to identify opportunities for improved training. METHODS: We analyzed tourniquets recovered from deceased service members serving in support of recent combat operations by a team at Dover Air Force Base from 2010 to 2012. Device makes and models, breakage, deformation, band routing, and windlass turn numbers were counted. RESULTS: We recovered 824 tourniquets; 390 were used in care and 434 were carried unused. Most tourniquets were recommended by the Committee on Tactical Combat Casualty Care (Combat Application Tourniquet [CAT] or Special Operations Forces Tactical Tourniquet). The band was routed once through the buckle in 37% of used CATs, twice in 62%, and 1% had none. For tourniquets with data, the windlass turn number averaged 3.2 (range, 0-9). The CAT windlass turn number was associated positively with tourniquet deformation as moderate or severe deformation began at 2 turns, increased in likelihood stepwise with each turn, and became omnipresent at 7 or more. CONCLUSIONS: Tourniquet counts, band routings, windlass turn numbers, and deformation rates are candidate topics for instructors to refine training