16 research outputs found
CAPSTONE: A CubeSat Pathfinder for the Lunar Gateway Ecosystem
The cislunar environment is about to get much busier and with this increase in traffic comes an increase in the demand for limited resources such as Earth based tracking of and communications with assets operating in and around the Moon. With the number of NASA, commercial, and international missions to the Moon growing rapidly in the next few years, the need to make these future endeavors as efficient as possible is a challenge that is being solved now. Advanced Space is aiming to mitigate these resource limitations by enabling the numerous spacecraft in the cislunar environment to navigate autonomously and reduce the need for oversubscribed ground assets for navigation and maneuver planning. Scheduled to launch on a Rocket Lab Electron in October 2021, the Cislunar Autonomous Positioning System Technology Operations and Navigation Experiment (CAPSTONE) mission will leverage a 12U CubeSat to demonstrate both the core software for the Cislunar Autonomous Positioning System (CAPS) as well as a validation of the mission design and operations of the Near Rectilinear Halo Orbit (NRHO) that NASA has baselined for the Artemis Lunar Gateway architecture. Currently being developed in a Phase III of NASA’s SBIR program, our CAPS software will allow missions to manage themselves and enable more critical communications to be prioritized between Earth and future cislunar missions without putting these missions at increased risk.
CAPSTONE is the pathfinder mission for NASA’s Artemis program. The overall mission will include collaboration with the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) operations team at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center to demonstrate inter-spacecraft ranging between the CAPSTONE spacecraft and LRO and with the NASA Gateway Operations team at NASA Johnson Space Center to inform the requirements and autonomous mission operations approach for the eventual Gateway systems. Critical success criteria for CAPSTONE in this demonstration are a transfer to and arrival into an NRHO, semi-autonomous operations and orbital maintenance of a spacecraft in an NRHO, collection of inter-spacecraft ranging data, and execution of the CAPS navigation software system on-board the CAPSTONE spacecraft.
Advanced Space along with our partners at NASA’s Space Technology Mission Directorate, Advanced Exploration Systems, Launch Services Program, NASA Ames Small Spacecraft Office, Tyvak Nano-Satellite Systems and Rocket Lab, envision the CAPSTONE mission as a key enabler of both NASA’s Gateway operations involving multiple spacecraft and eventually the ever-expanding commercial cislunar economy. This low cost, high value mission will demonstrate an efficient low energy orbital transfer to the lunar vicinity and an insertion and operations approach to the NRHO that ultimately will demonstrate a risk reducing validation of key exploration operations and technologies required for the ultimate success of NASA’s lunar exploration plans, including the planned human return to the lunar surface. This presentation will include the current mission status (which would include the launch and early mission operations), the operations plan for the NRHO, and lessons learned to date in order to inform future CubeSat pathfinders in support of national exploration and scientific objectives
CAPSTONE: A Summary of Flight Operations to Date in the Cislunar Environment
The cislunar environment is about to get much busier and with this increase in traffic comes an increase in the demand for limited resources such as Earth based tracking of and communications with assets operating in and around the Moon. With the number of NASA, commercial, and international missions to the Moon growing rapidly, the need to make these future endeavors as efficient as possible is a challenge that is being solved now. Advanced Space is aiming to mitigate these resource limitations by enabling spacecraft in the cislunar environment to navigate autonomously and reduce the need for oversubscribed ground assets for navigation and maneuver planning.
Launched in June 2022, the Cislunar Autonomous Positioning System Technology Operations and Navigation Experiment (CAPSTONE) mission utilizes a 12U CubeSat to demonstrate both the core software for the Cislunar Autonomous Positioning System (CAPS) as well as a validation of the mission design and operations of the Near Rectilinear Halo Orbit (NRHO) that NASA has baselined for the Artemis Lunar Gateway architecture. The CAPS software enables cislunar missions to manage their navigation functions themselves and reduces the reliance on Earth based tracking requirements without putting these missions at increased risk.
Upon arrival in the NRHO, the CAPSTONE spacecraft will soon initiate its navigation demonstration mission in collaboration with the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) operations team at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center to demonstrate autonomous inter-spacecraft ranging and autonomous navigation between the CAPSTONE spacecraft and LRO. Critical success criteria for CAPSTONE in this demonstration are 1) semi-autonomous operations and orbital maintenance of a spacecraft in an NRHO, 2) collection of inter-spacecraft ranging data, and 3) execution of the CAPS navigation software system in autonomous mode on-board the CAPSTONE spacecraft. Additionally, CAPSTONE continues to demonstrate an innovative one-way ranging navigation approach utilizing a Chip Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC), unique firmware installed on the Iris radio, and onboard autonomous navigation algorithms developed JPL an implemented by Advanced Space.
Advanced Space, along with our partners at NASA’s Space Technology Mission Directorate, (STMD), Advanced Exploration Systems (AES), Launch Services Program (LSP), NASA Ames’ Small Spacecraft Office, the Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL), Terran Orbital and Rocket Lab, envision the CAPSTONE mission as a key enabler of both NASA’s upcoming Gateway operations involving multiple spacecraft and eventually the ever-expanding commercial cislunar economy. Over the next 21 months, CAPSTONE will demonstrate an efficient low energy orbital transfer to the lunar vicinity, an insertion into the NRHO, and a risk reducing validation of key exploration operations and technologies required for the ultimate success of NASA’s lunar exploration plans. This paper includes an overview of the mission, the current mission operational status, lessons learned from the launch, lunar transfer, and insertion into the NRHO, an overview of operations plan for the NRHO, and other lessons learned to date in order to inform future missions in support of national exploration and scientific objectives
CAPSTONE: A Summary of a Highly Successful Mission in the Cislunar Environment
NASA, Advanced Space, Terran Orbital, Rocket Lab, Stellar Exploration, JPL, the Space Dynamics Lab, and Tethers Unlimited have partnered to successfully develop, launch, and operate the Cislunar Autonomous Positioning System Technology Operations and Navigation Experiment (CAPSTONE) mission, which is serving as a pathfinder for Near Rectilinear Halo Orbit (NHRO) operations around the Moon. This low-cost, high-value mission has demonstrated an efficient, low-energy orbital transfer to the Moon and a successful insertion into the Near Rectilinear Halo Orbit (NRHO), the intended orbit for NASA\u27s Gateway lunar orbital platform. The mission is now demonstrating operations within the NRHO that ultimately will serve to reduce risk and validate key exploration operations and technologies required for the future success of NASA\u27s lunar exploration plans, including the planned human return to the lunar surface. Over the next 9+ months, CAPSTONE will continue to validate these key operations and navigation technologies required for the success of NASA\u27s lunar exploration plans. This paper will include an overview of the current mission status, lessons learned from the launch, transfer, and insertion into the NRHO, a summary of the challenges encountered thus far, and an overview of the successful mission operations technology demonstrations thus far
The Vehicle, 1973
Vol. 15, No. 1
Table of Contents
Hail to the Cheeks of MenNancy Broom Brownpage 1
Sister Eleanor\u27s Gray FriendsGina Morganpage 2
The Typing TeacherAnne Hubbardpage 3
Pensive AgainPeter McCullarpage 7
The Defense ManKathryn Majorpage 9
Wedding PreparationKathryn R. Leesmanpage 10
Reflections on BathingChris Benignuspage 14
Home: Bed of DustHelen Matternpage 14
One TimeChris Benignuspage 15
CombineRuth Ann Meyerpage 16
Park SitterEric H. Synderpage 17
The Sole TortoiseDennis Kroftpage 18
Blind SocietyMike Cordtspage 19
Black DreamPeter McCullarpage 21
The Poetry ReadingRay Schmuddepage 22
The FuneralMarsha Halfordpage 23
She and HerRosanne Davispage 24
The Cane Pole LungfishJeff Kayserpage 26
Du, stille WeltMary Bassettpage 27
ComradesNancy Broom Brownpage 29
Photography and Art Credits
Dann Girecover, page 18
Mark McKinneypage 2, 17, 25
John Gravespage 8
Sally Brotherspage 13
Normal Le Clercqpage 28
Wm. Murawskipage 30https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1029/thumbnail.jp
The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment: Exploring Fundamental Symmetries of the Universe
The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early Universe, the
dynamics of the supernova bursts that produced the heavy elements necessary for
life and whether protons eventually decay --- these mysteries at the forefront
of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early
evolution of our Universe, its current state and its eventual fate. The
Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) represents an extensively developed
plan for a world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions. LBNE
is conceived around three central components: (1) a new, high-intensity
neutrino source generated from a megawatt-class proton accelerator at Fermi
National Accelerator Laboratory, (2) a near neutrino detector just downstream
of the source, and (3) a massive liquid argon time-projection chamber deployed
as a far detector deep underground at the Sanford Underground Research
Facility. This facility, located at the site of the former Homestake Mine in
Lead, South Dakota, is approximately 1,300 km from the neutrino source at
Fermilab -- a distance (baseline) that delivers optimal sensitivity to neutrino
charge-parity symmetry violation and mass ordering effects. This ambitious yet
cost-effective design incorporates scalability and flexibility and can
accommodate a variety of upgrades and contributions. With its exceptional
combination of experimental configuration, technical capabilities, and
potential for transformative discoveries, LBNE promises to be a vital facility
for the field of particle physics worldwide, providing physicists from around
the globe with opportunities to collaborate in a twenty to thirty year program
of exciting science. In this document we provide a comprehensive overview of
LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the landscape of neutrino physics
worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate and the capabilities it will
possess.Comment: Major update of previous version. This is the reference document for
LBNE science program and current status. Chapters 1, 3, and 9 provide a
comprehensive overview of LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the
landscape of neutrino physics worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate
and the capabilities it will possess. 288 pages, 116 figure
The Vehicle, Fall 1971
Vol. 14, No. 1
Table of Contents
Revolutions a photo essayPhotography by Steven KeplingerPoetry by Steve Siegelpage 3
Dogs and LoversRichard Deanpage 10
All the ways homeSam Strakapage 12
Revolutions continuedpage 14
BridgeCynthia Davidsonpage 20
RoskoJeff Kayserpage 22
The Councilled CityMarty Spitzpage 23
Dream FragmentSandra Fairpage 24
SkatingDon Hennigpage 25
Revolutions continuedpage 26
Cover PhotographyMark McKinney
Cover GraphicsJohn Limhttps://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1025/thumbnail.jp
Molecular Correlates of Renal Function in Kidney Transplant Biopsies
The molecular changes in the parenchyma that reflect disturbances in the function of kidney transplants are unknown. We studied the relationships among histopathology, gene expression, and renal function in 146 human kidney transplant biopsies performed for clinical indications. Impaired function (estimated GFR) correlated with tubular atrophy and fibrosis but not with inflammation or rejection. Functional deterioration before biopsy correlated with inflammation and tubulitis and was greater in cases of rejection. Microarray analysis revealed a correlation between impaired renal function and altered expression of sets of transcripts consistent with tissue injury but not with those consistent with cytotoxic T cell infiltration or IFN-γ effects. Multivariate analysis of clinical variables, histologic lesions, and transcript sets confirmed that expression of injury-related transcript sets independently correlated with renal function. Analysis of individual genes confirmed that the transcripts with the greatest positive or negative correlations with renal function were those suggestive of response to injury and parenchymal dedifferentiation not inflammation. We defined new sets of genes based on individual transcripts that correlated with renal function, and these highly correlated with the previously developed injury sets and with atrophy and fibrosis. Thus, in biopsies performed for clinical reasons, functional disturbances are reflected in transcriptome changes representing tissue injury and dedifferentiation but not the inflammatory burden
Laparoscopic-assisted versus open pancreaticoduodenectomy: Early favorable physical quality-of-life measures
Background We compared outcomes and postpancreatectomy quality of life (QOL) in paired cohorts of patients undergoing conventional open pancreaticoduodenectomy (OPD) or laparoscopic-assisted pancreaticoduodenectomy (LAPD). Methods Comparative analysis of QOL was performed in a matched cohort of 53 patients after OPD or LAPD between 2010 and 2013. The Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 Health Survey and the Karnofsky score were used. Results Physical component score, mental component score, and Karnofsky scores were calculated at multiple time points for OPD (n = 25) and LAPD (n = 28). Operative times, complications, and readmission rates were equivalent. Time to starting adjuvant therapy trended toward clinical importance in LAPD (61 vs 110 days, P =.0878). Duration of stay was less in LAPD (7.10 vs 9.44 days, P =.02). LAPD had a superior QOL centered on functional status compared with OPD (physical component score 49.09 vs 38.4, P =.04; Karnofsky 92.22 vs 66.92%, P =.003). These statistical differences were not observed beyond 6 months. Conclusion LAPD provided a more favorable QOL within the first 6 months and shorter length of stay compared with conventional OPD. LAPD may serve as an alternative operative therapy to potentially minimize delays in receipt of and enhance tolerability of adjuvant therapies. © 2014 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved
Beneficial Effect of Moderate Exercise in Kidney of Rat after Chronic Consumption of Cola Drinks
Discovery of AMG 232, a Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable MDM2–p53 Inhibitor in Clinical Development
We
recently reported the discovery of AM-8553 (<b>1</b>),
a potent and selective piperidinone inhibitor of the MDM2–p53
interaction. Continued research investigation of the <i>N</i>-alkyl substituent of this series, focused in particular on a previously
underutilized interaction in a shallow cleft on the MDM2 surface,
led to the discovery of a one-carbon tethered sulfone which gave rise
to substantial improvements in biochemical and cellular potency. Further
investigation produced AMG 232 (<b>2</b>), which is currently
being evaluated in human clinical trials for the treatment of cancer.
Compound <b>2</b> is an extremely potent MDM2 inhibitor (SPR <i>K</i><sub>D</sub> = 0.045 nM, SJSA-1 EdU IC<sub>50</sub> = 9.1
nM), with remarkable pharmacokinetic properties and in vivo antitumor
activity in the SJSA-1 osteosarcoma xenograft model (ED<sub>50</sub> = 9.1 mg/kg)