Is Shrimp Farming in Thailand Ecologically Sustainable?

Shrimp farming in Thailand is considered to be one of the main causes of mangrove deforestation. The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, however, posits that economic development eventually reverses resource degradation. This hypothesis is examined using pooled data on mangrove loss and Gross Provincial Product (GPP) from 23 provinces in Thailand in various years between 1975 and 2004. The empirical results show strong evidence of an EKC relationship between mangrove loss and GPP. In addition, the relationship between shrimp farming and mangrove loss is examined. Shrimp farming is found to significantly affect the extent of mangrove deforestation. The development of extensive and semi-intensive shrimp farming techniques quickens mangrove deforestation, but intensive shrimp farming, which developed during the 1990s, reduces mangrove loss

Proceedings of the workshop on watershed degradation and restoration of the Lam Phachi river basin, Thailand : held at Bangkok, November 29, 2002

"Proceedings of the workshop on watershed degradation and restoration of the Lam Phachi river basin, Thailand, held at Bangkok, November 29, 2002"--P.iIncludes bibliographic referencesTitlepage,Table of Contents -- Watershed Degradation and Hydro-ecological Role of the Western Forest Complex (WEFCOM) of Thailand ~ Thangtham,Nipon ~ 1-16 -- Current Status and Future Prospects of Farm Mechanization in Thailand ~ Krishnasreni,Suraweth ~ 17-24 -- Factors Affecting Hydrologic Characteristics in the Lam Phachi River Basin ~ Sugiyama,Hironobu/Vudhivanich,Varawoot/Lorsirirat,Kosit[et al.] ~ 25-34 -- Human Impact on Soil Erosion of the Lam Phachi River Basin : From a Viewpoint of Infiltration Capacity ~ Maita,Hideji/Higo,Mutsuki/Kimura,Masanobu[et al.] ~ 35-52 -- Identifying Significant Tributaries from Human Impacted Sedimentary System,Lam Phachi Catchment,Western Thailand ~ Marutani,Tomomi/Furukawa,Tomohiro/Endo,Norihito[et al.] ~ 53-64 -- Deformation of River-bed and Its Causes in the Recent Quarter Century in the Lam Phachi River Basin ~ Kimura,Masanobu/Marutani,Tomomi/Higo,Mutsuki[et al.] ~ 65-76 -- Invasion of Woody Plants into the Abandoned Pineapple Fields in the Lam Phachi River Basin ~ Higo,Mutsuki/Kimura,Masanobu/Marutani,Tomomi[et al.] ~ 77-88 -- Development of Agricultural Land in a Hilly Area of the Tha Khoei Basin ~ Sakuma,Taiichi/Ogawa,SHigeo/Satoh,Masayoshi[et al.] ~ 89-99 -- Soil Erosion in the Pineapple Fields of the Ban Kha Subdistrict ~ Sakuma,Taiichi/Toyomitsu,Yukio/Ogawa,Shigeo[et al.] ~ 101-108 -- Perspective of the Contract Hire Systems in View of the Effective Machine Use Mode : In the Case of Mooban Ton Maka,Rachaburi ~ Koike,Masayuki/Takigawa,Tomohiro/Hasegawa,hideo[et al.] ~ 109-118 -- Workshop on Watershed Degradation and Restoration of the Lam Phachi River Basin,Thailand -- List of Participant

Morphological properties of flower and fruit in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)

タイで栽培されるオクラの10系統と日本で栽培される20品種を供試して,花と果実の形態的特性を調査した。開花時には,どの系統・品種でもその外観はほぼ同じであった。果実は五角形あるいは丸形で,細長い形状をしていた。供試したすべての系統・品種は,Abelmoschus esculentusに属していた。10系統と20品種は,クラスター分析により3群に分類された。クラスター1には\u27Benny\u27, \u27Better Five\u27, \u27Blue Sky\u27, \u27Early Five\u27, \u27Emerald\u27, Green Etude\u27, Green Five\u27, Green Rocket\u27, Green Star\u27, Gulliver\u27, \u27Holiday\u27, \u27Miyako Gokaku\u27, \u27Natsu no Megumi\u27, \u27Peak Five\u27, \u27Pentagon\u27, \u27Star Debut\u27, \u27Star Light\u27, \u27Suisei Gokaku\u27, HE 015, HE 045, HE 047, HE 047-1とHE 050-1が含まれた。クラスター2には\u27Blue Sky Z\u27, \u27Clemson Spineless\u27, HE 006とHE 050が含まれた。クラスター3にはHE 022, HE 025とHE 035が含まれていた。Twenty okra cultivars from Japan and ten okra accessions from Thailand were cultivated to compare the morphological properties of flowers and fruits. Flower organs of all cultivars and accessions were quite similar in appearance at anthesis. The slender fruits with pentagon or round shaped were observed. All cultivars and accessions in this study belonged to Abelmoschus esculentus. Twenty cultivars and ten accessions were divided into 3 clusters. Cluster I consisted of \u27Benny\u27, \u27Better Five\u27, \u27Blue Sky\u27, \u27Early Five\u27, \u27Emerald\u27, \u27Green Etude\u27, \u27Green Five\u27, \u27Green Rocket\u27, \u27Green Star\u27, \u27Gulliver\u27, \u27Holiday\u27, \u27Miyako Gokaku\u27, \u27Natsu no Megumi\u27, Teak Five\u27, \u27Pentagon\u27, \u27Star Debut\u27, \u27Star Light\u27, \u27Suisei Gokaku\u27, HE 015, HE 045, HE 047, HE 047-1 and HE 050-1. Cluster II was composed of \u27Blue Sky Z\u27, \u27Clemson Spineless\u27, HE 006 and HE 050. Cluster III was comprised of HE 022, HE 025 and HE 035

Cultivar differences in flowering response of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in spring and autumn

オクラの10系統と5品種を供試して,春季と秋季において花成反応の品種間差異を調査した。系統HE006, HE022, HE045, HE047, HE047-1と\u27Benny\u27, \u27Better Five\u27, \u27Clemson Spineless\u27, \u27Emerald\u27, \u27Green Rocket\u27の花芽は春季では2～6の低節位に,秋季には8～11節の低節位に形成された。秋季に比べて春季で品種間に差はあるが,出雷は0～11日早くおこった。季節に関わらず, HE015, HE050, HE050-1の花芽は播種後18～21日と早く形成されたが, HE025, HE035では32日～48日と遅く形成された。すべての系統と品種について,開花と結実時期は季節によって変動した。春季と秋季の環境条件に対する花成反応から,敏感な品種とそうでない品種に分けられた。敏感な品種にはHE006, HE022, HE045, HE047, HE047-1, \u27Benny\u27, \u27Better Five\u27, \u27Clemson Spineless\u27, \u27Emerald\u27と\u27Green Rocket\u27があった。敏感でない品種は2群に分けられ,花芽分化の早いのはHE015, HE050, HE050-1であり,遅いのはHE025, HE035であった。Differences in flowering response of ten accessions and five cultivars were investigated in spring and autumn. Flower buds of HE 006, HE 022, HE 045, HE 047, HE 047-1, \u27Benny\u27, \u27Better Five\u27, \u27Clemson Spineless\u27, \u27Emerald\u27 and \u27Green Rocket\u27 were initiated at the lower node from 2 to 6 in spring and from 8 to 11 in autumn and they appeared 0 to 11 days earlier in spring than in autumn, depending on the cultivars. Flower bud initiation of HE 015, HE 050 and HE 050-1 was early in 18 to 21 days after sowing (DAS) but the initiation of HE 025 and HE 035 was late in 32 to 48 DAS whether in spring or in autumn. The occurrence of anthesis and fruiting in all accessions and cultivars fluctuated in the different seasons. Based on these results, two groups of flowering response to environmental conditions in spring and autumn were identified as sensitive and non-sensitive cultivars. Sensitive cultivars comprised of HE 006, HE 022, HE 045, HE 047, HE 047-1, \u27Benny\u27, \u27Better Five\u27, \u27Clemson Spineless\u27, \u27Emerald\u27 and \u27Green Rocket\u27. Non-sensitive cultivars were divided into two subgroups as early and late flowering. Early flowering composed of HE 015, HE 050 and HE 050-1 and late flowering consisted of HE 025 and HE 035. (Accepted September 9, 2003

Summary of the seminar / First National Bamboo Seminar, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand, 6-7 June 1985

Meeting: National Bamboo Seminar, 1st, 6-7 June 1985, Bangkok, T