Níveis de retinol no leite materno ao início e final da mamada Foremilk and hindmilk retinol levels

OBJETIVO: Determinar os níveis de retinol no leite materno ao início e ao final da mamada. MÉTODOS: Em 2003, foram entrevistadas 30 nutrizes atendidas na Maternidade Escola Januário Cicco, Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, entre 24 horas e 15 dias após o parto. A coleta de leite foi realizada no período da tarde, por expressão manual de uma mama reservada 2 horas antes, sendo retirados 4 mL de leite (2 mL ao início e 2 mL ao fim da mamada). O retinol foi determinado por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. Para a análise estatística utilizou-se o teste t de Student. RESULTADOS: As concentrações médias de retinol nas amostras de leite coletadas ao início e ao fim de uma mesma mamada foram 69,3 ± 41,4 µg/100 mL e 111,6 ± 79,2 µg/100mL, respectivamente, e foram estatisticamente diferentes (P = 0,012). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados sugerem que o leite ao final da mamada proporciona maior ingestão de vitamina A. Assim, é importante orientar as mães a não interromperem as mamadas e a não limitarem a expressão manual apenas ao leite inicial. Além disso, é importante padronizar o momento da coleta de leite para permitir a comparação entre resultados de diferentes estudos sobre esse tema.OBJECTIVE: To determine retinol levels in breast milk at the beginning and at the end of a feeding. METHODS: In 2003, 30 breastfeeding women receiving care at the Januário Cicco Maternity School, in the city of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, were interviewed between 24 hours and 15 days after delivery. A four mL sample of breast milk was expressed manually (2 mL at the beginning and 2 mL at the end of the feeding) in the afternoon, two hours after the preceding feeding. Retinol levels were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Student's t test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The mean retinol concentrations in the breast milk samples collected at the beginning and at the end of the same feeding were 69.3 ± 41.4 µg/100 mL and 111.6 ± 79.2 µg/100 mL, respectively; the mean concentrations were statistically different (P = 0.012). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that hindmilk provides a higher intake of vitamin A. Therefore, it is important to guide mothers to not limit the baby's time at the breast and to avoid expressing only foremilk. In addition, it is important to standardize the time of breast milk collection in order to allow comparisons between the results of different studies on this topic

Impacto da suplementação com retinil palmitato no pós-parto imediato sobre os níveis de retinol do colostro Impact on colostrum retinol levels of immediate postpartum supplementation with retinyl palmitate

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da suplementação com retinil palmitato sobre os níveis de retinol no colostro, investigando a influência de variáveis maternas (idade, tipo de parto e estado nutricional bioquímico) sobre esses níveis. MÉTODO:Participaram do estudo 33 nutrizes atendidas na Maternidade Escola Januário Cicco, Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Foram coletadas, nas primeiras horas após o parto, uma amostra de sangue e uma de colostro. Uma nova amostra de colostro foi coletada 6 horas após suplementação materna com 200 000 UI de retinil palmitato. O retinol no sangue e colostro foi determinado por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. RESULTADOS: Os níveis médios de retinol no colostro antes da suplementação foram de 110,8 ± 82,3 µg/dL, tendo atingido 164,4 ± 106,5 µg/dL após a suplementação (P OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of retinyl palmitate supplementation on colostrum retinol levels, investigating the influence of maternal variables (age, type of delivery, and biochemical nutritional status) on these levels. METHOD: The study included 33 mothers receiving care at the Januário Cicco Maternity School, in the city of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. In the first hours after delivery, blood and colostrum samples were collected. Another colostrum sample was collected six hours after maternal supplementation with 200 000 IU of retinyl palmitate. Serum and colostrum retinol levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: The mean retinol level in colostrum before the supplementation was 110.8 ± 82.3 µg/dL, and after supplementation it was 164.4 ± 106.5 µg/dL (P < 0.025). Of the 33 mothers, 12 of them either did not respond to supplementation or had an increase of less than 10% in colostrum retinol levels; serum retinol in these women was significantly lower as compared to the responders (P = 0.024). In comparison to women with a normal delivery, the mothers who underwent cesarean delivery (64%) had lower serum retinol levels, but not lower colostrum retinol levels (P = 0.036). Maternal age did not influence retinol levels in either serum or colostrum. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in colostrum retinol levels following vitamin A supplementation was sufficient to guarantee double the retinol requirements of a newborn infant

Efeito da suplementação com vitamina A sobre a concentração de retinol no colostro de mulheres atendidas em uma maternidade pública

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o efeito da suplementação com vitamina A sobre os níveis de retinol no colostro de puérperas atendidas em maternidade pública de Natal-RN, analisando a influência do estado nutricional materno e retinol no colostro na resposta a esta suplementação. MÉTODOS: Foram coletados 5 ml de sangue em jejum para análise do retinol sérico, e duas amostras de leite, antes e 24h após suplementação. O consumo de vitamina A foi obtido pelo questionário de frequência de consumo. O retinol foi analisado por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. RESULTADOS: O consumo de vitamina A foi 1492,4 ± 1264 µgRAE/dia e 23% tinha consumo provavelmente inadequado. No início (0h) e após 24h da suplementação, os grupos comparativo e suplementado apresentaram concentrações séricas de retinol de 1,3 ± 0,4 e 1,4 ± 0,4 µmol/L (7% de deficiência) e 3,5 ± 1,7 µmol/L e 3,3 ± 1,8 µmol/L (p>0,05) no colostro 0h, respectivamente. No grupo suplementado o retinol aumentou no colostro 24h, com valores de 3,6 ± 1,9 e 6,8 ± 2,6 µmol/L (pOBJECTIVE: The aim was to evaluate the effect of supplementary vitamin A upon the colostrum retinol levels in puerperal women cared for at a public maternity hospital in Natal, RN, Brazil. Analysis was conducted on the influence of the colostrum retinol and the maternal nutritional condition as response to supplementation. METHODS: For analysis of serum retinol 5ml of fasting blood and two samples of milk were collected before and 24 hours after supplementation. A questionnaire was used to define the frequency of previous vitamin A intake. High Efficiency Liquid Chromatography was used to analyze the retinol. RESULTS: Vitamin A intake was 1492.4 ± 1264 µgRAE/day and 23% probably had an inadequate intale. At the beginning of supplementation, 0 hour, and at 24 hours, the control and supplemented groups presented serum retinol concentrations of 1.3 ± 0.4 and 1.4 ± 0.4 µmol/L (7% deficiency) and 3.5 ± 1.7 µmol/L and 3.3 ± 1.8 µmol/L (p>0.05) at 0 hour colostrum, respectively. Retinol in the 24 hours milk of the supplemented group increased from of 3.6 ± 1.9 and 6.8 ± 2.6 µmol/L (p<0.0001), respectively. Women with deficient levels of retinol in the colostrum at 0 hour(<2.04 mol/L) transferred more retinol to the colostrum at24 hours milk than those with adequate levels (an increase of 326.1% and 86.5%, respectively). CONCLUSION: The megadose of vitamin A was efficient in the first 24 hours after supplementation. The supplementation response was influenced by the basal levels of retinol in the colostrum. Parturient women with low initial levels of retinol transferred more retinol to the milk, after the megadose, than nursing women with sufficient levels. This possibly confirms the action of the Vitamin A transfer mechanisms proposed by the mammary gland

Estudo das variações dos níveis de retinol no colostro humano de parturientes a termo e pré-termo Study of retinol level variations of human colostrum among parturient women with term and pre-term newborns

OBJETIVOS: analisar as variações dos níveis de retinol no colostro de parturientes a termo e pré-termo. MÉTODOS: foram analisadas amostras de leite de 78 lactantes, sendo metade delas mães de recém-nascidos prematuros. As amostras de colostro foram obtidas por expressão manual de uma mama, até 72 horas após o parto, no turno vespertino e no início da mamada, até atingir um volume de 2,0 ml. A determinação do retinol foi realizada por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e os resultados foram submetidos à análise estatística através do teste t de Student. RESULTADOS: o valor médio do retinol no colostro de mães a termo (n = 39) e pré-termo (n = 39) foram, respectivamente, 89,4 ± 46,1 mig/dL e 55,6 ± 27,7 mig/dL. A diferença entre as médias foi estatisticamente significante (p OBJECTIVES: to analyze retinol levels variations in the colostrum of term and pre-term parturient women. METHODS: colostrum samples of 78 lactating women, half of which were mothers of premature newborns, were analyzed. The samples were manually extracted from one breast until 2.0 ml were obtained. They were collected up to 72 hours after birth, during the morning hours and right before nursing. Retinol levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and analyzed by the T-test for means comparison. RESULTS: the mean retinol values in the colostrums of women with term (n = 39) and pre-term newborns (n = 39) were 89,4 ± 46,1 mug/dL and 55,6 ± 27,7 mug/dL, respectively. The difference of means was considered statistically significant at (p < 0,001). Human milk meets the need for Vitamin A in the term newborn. However, for the premature newborn, it only supplied 66% of the needs. CONCLUSIONS: results suggest that exclusive use of human milk does not meet the needs of pre-term newborn completely and that a Vitamin A supplement for the mother is necessary in order to reduce Vitamin A risk deficiency

Determination of tocopherols and physicochemical properties of faveleira (Cnidoscolus quercifolius) seed oil extracted using different methods

Abstract This study aims to evaluate the physicochemical properties and tocopherol content in faveleira seed oil extracted using three methods (Bligh-Dyer, Soxhlet extractor, and cold-pressing). Each of the methods generated different yield percentages, with cold-pressing producing the least amount of oil. However, the cold-pressing method produced better quality oil with more desirable properties, including low acidity (1.56 ± 0.01% oleic acid) and low peroxide value (0.45 ± 0.09 mEq/1000 g). Cold-pressing resulted in higher quantities of tocopherols: 0.59 ± 0.12 mg/100 g of alpha-tocopherol and 20.97 ± 1.15 mg/100 g of beta + gamma-tocopherol. Faveleira seed oil, when extracted by cold-pressing, maintains better physicochemical quality, with the highest beta + gamma-tocopherol content

Serum retinol concentration and prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in postpartum women

Objective: To check the serum retinol concentration and assess the nutritional status of postpartum women assisted at Januario Cicco Maternity School, Natal / RN in relation to vitamin A deficiency. Methods: We recruited 190 healthy postpartum women assisted at aBrazilian public hospital. Serum retinol concentration was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. Retinol values below 30 μg g / dL were considered indicative of vitamin A deficiency. Results: The nutritional biochemistry status of vitamin A, regardingto serum retinol, presented an average of 44.6 ± 17.6 μg g / dL, showing normal values according to the referential (≤ 30 μg g / dL). However, 45 (23.7%) mothers had deficient levels of serum retinol, a prevalence which classifies the study population as a serious publichealth problem. Conclusion: The prevalence found in this study reports that the population is at risk for vitamin A deficiency, a situation clouded by the apparent normality of the mean serum retinol

Concentração sérica de retinol e prevalência de deficiência de vitamina A em puérperas - doi:10.5020/18061230.2011.p40

Objective: To check the serum retinol concentration and assess the nutritional status of postpartum women assisted at Januario Cicco Maternity School, Natal / RN in relation to vitamin A deficiency. Methods: We recruited 190 healthy postpartum women assisted at a Brazilian public hospital. Serum retinol concentration was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. Retinol values below 30 ?g g / dL were considered indicative of vitamin A deficiency. Results: The nutritional biochemistry status of vitamin A, regarding to serum retinol, presented an average of 44.6 ± 17.6 ?g g / dL, showing normal values according to the referential (? 30 ?g g / dL). However, 45 (23.7%) mothers had deficient levels of serum retinol, a prevalence which classifies the study population as a serious public health problem. Conclusion: The prevalence found in this study reports that the population is at risk for vitamin A deficiency, a situation clouded by the apparent normality of the mean serum retinol.Objetivo: Verificar a concentração sérica de retinol e avaliar o estado nutricional de puérperas atendidas na Maternidade Escola Januario Cicco, Natal/RN em relação à hipovitaminose A. Métodos: Recrutaram-se 190 parturientes saudáveis atendidas em uma maternidade pública brasileira. A concentração de retinol no soro foi analisada por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. Valores de retinol inferiores a 30 ?g/dL foram considerados indicativos de deficiência de vitamina A. Resultados: O estado nutricional bioquímico em vitamina A, segundo o retinol sérico, apresentou uma média de 44,6 ± 17,6 ?g/dL, demonstrando valores normais de acordo com o referencial (? 30 ?g/dL). Porém, 45 (23,7%) mães apresentavam níveis deficientes de retinol sérico, prevalência que classifica a população estudada como grave problema de saúde pública. Conclusão: A prevalência encontrada nesse estudo denuncia esta população como de risco para deficiência de vitamina A, situação encoberta pela aparente normalidade da média de retinol no sor

Vitamin E Levels in Preterm and Full-Term Infants: A Systematic Review

Vitamin E deficiency (VED) is associated with clinical repercussions in preterm newborns (PTN), but low levels are also found in full-term newborns (TN). As this inadequacy can compromise neurogenesis in childhood, studies are needed to assess whether there is a difference in vitamin E status among newborns according to gestational age to provide support for neonatal monitoring protocols. This systematic review presents a synthesis of the available information on the vitamin E status among PTN and TN. The review was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Observational studies that evaluated alpha-tocopherol levels were searched in the databases reported in the protocol registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021165152). The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to assess the methodological quality. Overall, 1809 articles were retrieved; 10 were included in the systematic review. In the PTN, the alpha-tocopherol levels ranged from 3.9 to 8.5 mmol/L, while in TN, they were 4.9 to 14.9 mmol/L, and VED ranged from 19% to 100% in newborns. Despite substantial heterogeneity in research methodology and VED classification, the results suggest that the alpha-tocopherol levels among preterm and full-term newborns is below the recommended levels. Our findings demonstrate that further investigations are needed to standardize this classification and to monitor vitamin E status in birth and postnatal with adequate bias control

Factors Associated with Increased Alpha-Tocopherol Content in Milk in Response to Maternal Supplementation with 800 IU of Vitamin E

Background: Vitamin E supplementation might represent an efficient strategy to increase the vitamin E content in milk. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of supplementation with 800 IU RRR-alpha-tocopherol on the alpha-tocopherol content of milk and the factors associated with the increase in vitamin E. Methods: Randomized clinical trial with 79 lactating women from Brazil, who were assigned to the control group, or to the supplemented group (800 IU of RRR-alpha-tocopherol). Milk and serum were collected between 30 and 90 days after delivery (collection 1), and on the next day (collection 2). Alpha-tocopherol was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: In the supplemented group, the alpha-tocopherol content in serum and milk increased after supplementation (p &lt; 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, only alpha-tocopherol in milk (collection 1) was associated with the level of this vitamin in milk after supplementation (&#946; = 0.927, p &lt; 0.001), and binary logistic regression showed that the dietary intake was the only determinant for the greater effect of supplementation in milk. Conclusion: The pre-existing vitamin level in milk and diet are determinants for the efficacy of supplementation in milk, suggesting that in populations with vitamin E deficiency, high-dose supplementation can be used to restore its level in milk