Meristem culture and antiviral ribavirin on potato

The experiment conducted in tissue culture laboratory of Indonesian Vegetable Research\ud Institute (IVEGRI), and cultivated of meristem cv Granola. The size of meristem was 0.4 ??? 0.6\ud mm with two primordial leaf on medium MS-A:MS (1962) + GA3 0.1 mg L-1 + Kin 0.4 mg L-1\ud + CaP 2 mg L-1 + Sukrose 25 g L-1 + agar 6.5 g L-1 ; MS-B: MS ( 1962) + GA3 0.1 mg L-1 +\ud Putrecine HCl 20 mg L-1 + CaP 2 mg L-1 + sucrose 25 g L-1 + agar 6.5 gL-1 ; MS ??? C: MS ( 1962)\ud + GA3 1 mg L-1 + Kin 0.1 mg L-1 + CaP 2 mg L-1 + sucrose 30 g L-1 + agar 6.5 g L-1, with\ud supplement antiviral Ribavirin R0 = 0 mg L-1, R5= 5 mg L-1 , R10 = 10 mg L-1. The observation\ud was conducted : (1). There were no interaction between meristem culture and antiviral\ud Ribavirin (2). Composition media MS-B with antiviral Ribavirin 5 mg L-1 has not gave to\ud retard development of meristem and could be eradicate virus PLRV, PVX, PVY and PVS. (3).\ud Concentration of antiviral Ribavirin in high level can give to retard development of\ud meristem but has not give to retard presentation virus infection to plantlet

Effect of selection methods on seed potato quality

Potato is one of the most important crops in the world. Although it ranks fourth after rice, wheat and maize, the major food crops in the world, either in production or in the economic value, in terms of energy and protein production per hectare and per unit of time, the potato ranks first which is significantly above cereals, pulses and cassava (CIP 1984). In many countries potato is considered a vegetable, but the interest for potato as staple crop increases especially in developing countries, including Indonesia which is the largest potato producer in Southeast Asia. At present, the potato areas in Indonesia varies between 60,000 and 70,000 ha with a total production of about 1.2 - 1.3 million tons per year. The potato has been considered a priority crop in the strategic plan of research and development program of the Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research Development (IAARD) in the last 30 years because of its potential as alternative carbohydrate source in food diversification and for export markets. The potato originally comes from the cool tropical highlands of the Andes in South America (Horton and Anderson 1992) and therefore the potatoes in Indonesia are mainly grown in the highland areas (> 1,000 m). The main potato variety in Indonesia since the 1980’s is Granola, which covers 80 to 85% of the potato area. The moderate resistance of Granola to PLRV and PVY appear to have contributed in making it a successful variety in Indonesia (Chujoy 1995). Seed is the most costly component of potato production, and potato profitability often depends on access to quality seed. Seed accounts for 30-40% of the total costs of potato production in Indonesia (De Putter, et al. 2014; Pronk, et al. 2017a; Van den Brink, et al. 2015). High quality seed is relatively expensive and is not affordable by most farmers. Therefore, most potato farmers often use potato seed tubers saved from their previous crops. Small tubers are usually selected and saved for seeds for planting in the following season. This unhygienic practice results in carrying over diseases (e.g. viruses and bacteria contained in the small seed tubers) with the result that yields decrease over time. Farmers will need to buy seed tubers from other farmers or traders when their own seed stock has degenerated due to build up diseases. The degeneration of seed stock depends on the seed selection and also on the variety grown. Varieties differ in levels of resistance to virus infections and virus particle multiplication within the plant (Salazar 1996). One method to reduce the degeneration rate is through so-called positive selection (Gildemacher, et al. 2007). In this method, the best potato plants in a field are marked before crop senescence and they serve as mother plants for seed potatoes used in the following season. Positive selection in Kenya gave an average yield increase in farmer-managed trials of 34%, corresponding to a 284 € increase in profit per hectare at an additional production cost of only 6 € /ha (Gildemacher, et al. 2011). Within the vegIMPACT program demonstration trials have been carried out to show farmers the potential benefits of positive selection on the seed potato quality in the subsequent season. The demonstrations showed potato farmers the importance of plant selection in one planting season in order to obtain good quality seeds in the following planting season. Positive selection is a technique to maintain good quality seeds by reducing the degeneration rate of farm saved seed. This technique potentially reduces the costs for the most costly input, i.e. seed potatoes, in potato production

Results of potato late blight demonstrations in Garut and Pangalengan, Indonesia, October 2014-January 2015

Demo plots with potato varieties Atlantic and Granola were laid out in Garut and Pangalengan from October 2014 to January 2015. The objective of the demo plots described in this report are to investigate the influence of three factors on the efficacy of three factors in late blight control strategies:Test the influence of fungicide product choice on the efficacy of late blight control in the most susceptible variety Atlantic; Test the influence of spray volume on the efficacy to control late blight both in Atlantic and Granola; Test the influence of the adjuvant Agristick at normal and reduced spray volumes both in Atlantic and Granola

Performance testing of potato varieties: Performance of several potato varieties in the tropical highlands of West Java: executive summary

In the framework of the BOCI-project ‘Sustainable potato production in Indonesia’ (BO-10-001-230) trails were performed in West Java. The purpose was to evaluate the agricultural performance and processing quality of 10 varieties, half of which were introduced from the Netherlands by a Dutch seed potato company. The trails were performed by the Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (IVEGRI) at two locations: the experimental farm of IVEGRI in Lembang (1250 m a.s.l.) and at a farmer’s field in Pangalengan (1300 m a.s.l.). Each trial consisted of three replications in a randomised design and each individual plot contained 50 plants. Agronomic observations were made throughout the growing season; yield was measured using various parameters and the suitability for chips (crisps) and French fries production was established directly after harvest and after two months of storage. The Dutch varieties were of different market types: specific chips varieties, dual purpose varieties (French fry and table) and a French fry variety. The local varieties included local standard Atlantic, a chips variety, Granola which is a table potato and the dominant variety of Indonesia covering an estimated 90 % of the potato growing area. The other varieties were released by IVEGRI or are breeding selection

Late Blight demonstrations December 2013-February 2014

Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is one of the most important diseases worldwide. Also in Indonesia control of late blight is very important in potato and tomato, especially in the rainy season. In order to learn more about the important factors that determine late blight control - such as product choice, application frequency, spray volume and use of adjuvants - two demo plots were laid out in the potato growing regions of Garut and Pangalengan. The treatments in the demo-plots consisted of different fungicide application strategies

Results of fertilizer demonstration trials in Pangalengan and Garut, Indonesia, May-August 2014

Improved potato production by appliing organic manure to increase the yield on small farms in Indonesia

Agronomics and economics of late blight control in potato in West Java, Indonesia

Indonesia is the largest potato producer in Southeast Asia. Late blight (Phythophtora infestans) is one of the most important diseases especially in the rainy season. Therefore, farmers frequently spray fungicides to prevent infection. Forty farmers in West Java were trained in implementing good agricultural practices. To assess the impact of the training, late blight control strategies at the trainees’ fields were recorded. The baseline registration in the dry season of 2013 revealed that on average 16.6 times fungicides were applied. The average spray volume was 919 L ha-1, whereas the recommended spray volume ranges from 400 to 600 L ha-1 depending on the crop stage. Many farmers added an adjuvant to the spray mixture to increase the rainfastness of the fungicides. The fungicide costs ranged from 11.4 to 14.7% of the total production costs. The second registration, wet season of 2013/2014, showed a similar number of applications as in the dry season but the fungicide input was clearly higher due to a higher spray volume of 1,052 L ha-1 and more fungicides per application which caused higher fungicide costs ranging from 4 to 35% of the total production costs. Parallel and supportive to the trainings, three late blight demos were implemented in wet seasons. In the first demo (2013/2014), more recently registered fungicides controlled late blight similarly compared to the fungicide mixture often used by farmers, but they were 10-15% more expensive. In the second (2014/2015) and third demo (2015/2016), again the more recently registered fungicides did not perform better and were more expensive. A 20% reduction in spray volume had a similar effect on late blight control as the farmers’ practice using high volumes. At reduced spray volumes, the use of an adjuvant did increase late blight control. It is estimated that the spray volume can be reduced with 10-20% without loss of efficacy and thus save costs.</p