Criminal Accountability Against Illegal Civil Servant Salary Receipt in Criminal Acts of Corruption

The current study draws attention to analyze the right to salary of Civil Servant (PNS) undergoing legal proceedings and to analyze the qualifications of criminal act of corruption within the scope of the State Civil Apparatus. This study was an empirical legal research. The findings showed that the right to salary and benefits of Civil Servant undergoing legal proceedings was regulated in Article 281 of Law No. 11 of 2017 concerning Management of Civil State Apparatus that Civil Servant who were temporary dismissed due to detention of a suspect shall not be entitled to receive salary, but shall receive temporary dismissal pay. The amount of temporary dismissal pay is 50% (fifty percent) of the last salary as civil servant before being temporary dismissed in accordance with the laws and regulations. Temporary dismissal pay shall be received in the following month since the stipulation the temporary dismissal. On this basis, a comprehensive regulation is needed relating to supervisory oversight mechanism who made an omission against her subordinate civil servants who have committed disciplinary violations, especially those who were suspected of committing criminal act

Corruption Crime in Lending to the Government Banks: A Challenge in Criminal Law

Banks provide a substantial proportion of external finance to corporations around the globe. Non-Performing Loans (NPL) occur if the bank's confidence through a credit breaker, which is institutional in nature, is not realized that (prospective) debtors are able to repay loans and interest, after the loan or when loan is given. Type of the research is a normative legal research (doctrinal research). The results of the research show that in terms of analyzing credit applications from prospective debtors, Bank Officials must always apply the Directors' Decree regarding the Credit Guidebook. As it turns out in practice, however, it has certain weaknesses, particularly in view of the accountability and legitimacy aspects of its establishment. Hence, widespread expansion in credit, causing banks to provide convenience and caution in the process of granting credit to debtors, by not applying strictly the prudential banking principles when analyzing the credit requested. The effort that must be made by government banks in lending is by applying the prudent principle and the principles of good governance to avoid risks in returning credit from creditors. Immediately resolve and enforce statutory provisions concerning restrictions on currency transactions, to avoid misuse of the authority of bank officials in lending to debtors. Keywords: Bank; Corruption Crime; Criminal Law; Credi

The Implementation of Legal Protection of Street Children’ Education Right

Children are major foundation in sustainable nation-building. Physical development that is not balanced with nation’ moral development will result in the destruction of the order of life within society itself. The type of research is a legal-research to examine legal concepts related to legal protection of street children’ education rights in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, precisely in Makassar, Pare-Pare, and Palopo. The results show that the legal provisions on the street children’s rights protection are the legal provisions both at the level of provincial and district/city regulations that governing protection, survival, development, caring, welfare, education, physical health, social moral and mental-spiritual. The responsibility of protecting the street children’ education right that the responsibility of the government, provincial government, district/city government, and the obligations of parents, families, and communities and countries. Ideally, the legal provisions for the children education have a good regulatory harmony at the level of regulation as issued by the whole government level. Good provisions in terms of responsibility, to the involvement of the community in the management of education based on the basic norm (grundnorm) of the Republic Indonesia. Keywords: Children, Education, Legal Protection, Constitutional Rights

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical science. © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press