Concrete sewer pipe corrosion induced by sulphuric acid environment

Corrosion of concrete sewer pipes induced by sulphuric acid attack is a recognised problem worldwide, which is not only an attribute of countries with hot climate conditions as thought before. The significance of this problem is by far only realised when the pipe collapses causing surface flooding and other severe consequences. To change the existing post-reactive attitude of managing companies, easy to use and robust models are required to be developed which currently lack reliable data to be correctly calibrated. This paper focuses on laboratory experiments of establishing concrete pipe corrosion rate by submerging samples in to 0.5 pH sulphuric acid solution for 56 days under 10ºC, 20ºC and 30ºC temperature regimes. The result showed that at very early stage of the corrosion process the samples gained overall mass, at 30ºC the corrosion progressed quicker than for other temperature regimes, however with time the corrosion level for 10ºC and 20ºC regimes tended towards those at 30ºC. Overall, at these conditions the corrosion rates of 10 mm/year, 13,5 mm/year and 17 mm/year were observed

MOESM3 of Assessing the effects of mosquito nets on malaria mortality using a space time model: a case study of Rufiji and Ifakara Health and Demographic Surveillance System sites in rural Tanzania

Additional file 3. Observed and predicted malaria mortality rate using model 2 for 2012in Ifakara HDSS. A1 Observed malaria mortality rate for under-five, A2 predicted malaria mortality rate for under-five, B1 Observed malaria mortality rate for all age and B2 Predicted malaria mortality for all age

MOESM2 of Assessing the effects of mosquito nets on malaria mortality using a space time model: a case study of Rufiji and Ifakara Health and Demographic Surveillance System sites in rural Tanzania

Additional file 2. Observed and predicted malaria mortality rate using model 2 for 2011in Rufiji HDSS. A1 Observed malaria mortality rate for under-five, A2 predicted malaria mortality rate for under-five, B1 Observed malaria mortality rate for all age and B2 Predicted malaria mortality for all age

La Petite presse : journal quotidien... / [rédacteur en chef : Balathier Bragelonne]

21 août 18821882/08/21 (A16,N5949)

Characteristics of Patients assessed by the renal replacement committee before and after the use of Prioritization Criteria (N = 564).

<p>Characteristics of Patients assessed by the renal replacement committee before and after the use of Prioritization Criteria (N = 564).</p

Comparison of Western Cape Guidelines (2010) with the Department of Health Guidelines (2009).

<p>Comparison of Western Cape Guidelines (2010) with the Department of Health Guidelines (2009).</p

Demographic, social characteristics, self-reported medical history, and co-morbidities of the study population stratified by CKD risk status; N = 606 (CKD-AFRIKA, 2014).

<p>Demographic, social characteristics, self-reported medical history, and co-morbidities of the study population stratified by CKD risk status; N = 606 (CKD-AFRIKA, 2014).</p

Baseline demographics of Blacks vs. Non-Blacks⁺ among new patients presented to the renal assessment committee in Groote Schuur from 2008–2012.

<p>Baseline demographics of Blacks vs. Non-Blacks<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0176041#t002fn003" target="_blank">⁺</a> among new patients presented to the renal assessment committee in Groote Schuur from 2008–2012.</p

Socio-demographic characteristics of new patients presented to the renal assessment committee in Groote Schuur from 2008–2012.

<p>Socio-demographic characteristics of new patients presented to the renal assessment committee in Groote Schuur from 2008–2012.</p

Clinical characteristics of new patients presented for the renal replacement program in Groote Schuur hospital from 2008–2012.

<p>Clinical characteristics of new patients presented for the renal replacement program in Groote Schuur hospital from 2008–2012.</p