Convective Weather Avoidance with Uncertain Weather Forecasts

Convective weather events have a disruptive impact on air traffic both in terminal area and in en-route airspaces. In order to make sure that the national air transportation system is safe and efficient, it is essential to respond to convective weather events effectively. Traffic flow control initiatives in response to convective weather include ground delay, airborne delay, miles-in-trail restrictions as well as tactical and strategic rerouting. The rerouting initiatives can potentially increase traffic density and complexity in regions neighboring the convective weather activity. There is a need to perform rerouting in an intelligent and efficient way such that the disruptive effects of rerouting are minimized. An important area of research is to study the interaction of in-flight rerouting with traffic congestion or complexity and developing methods that quantitatively measure this interaction. Furthermore, it is necessary to find rerouting solutions that account for uncertainties in weather forecasts. These are important steps toward managing complexity during rerouting operations, and the paper is motivated by these research questions. An automated system is developed for rerouting air traffic in order to avoid convective weather regions during the 20- minute - 2-hour time horizon. Such a system is envisioned to work in concert with separation assurance (0 - 20-minute time horizon), and longer term air traffic management (2-hours and beyond) to provide a more comprehensive solution to complexity and safety management. In this study, weather is dynamic and uncertain; it is represented as regions of airspace that pilots are likely to avoid. Algorithms are implemented in an air traffic simulation environment to support the research study. The algorithms used are deterministic but periodically revise reroutes to account for weather forecast updates. In contrast to previous studies, in this study convective weather is represented as regions of airspace that pilots are likely to avoid. The automated system periodically updates forecasts and reassesses rerouting decisions in order to account for changing weather predictions. The main objectives are to reroute flights to avoid convective weather regions and determine the resulting complexity due to rerouting. The eventual goal is to control and reduce complexity while rerouting flights during the 20 minute - 2 hour planning period. A three-hour simulation is conducted using 4800 flights in the national airspace. The study compares several metrics against a baseline scenario using the same traffic and weather but with rerouting disabled. The results show that rerouting can have a negative impact on congestion in some sectors, as expected. The rerouting system provides accurate measurements of the resulting complexity in the congested sectors. Furthermore, although rerouting is performed only in the 20-minute - 2-hour range, it results in a 30% reduction in encounters with nowcast weather polygons (100% being the ideal for perfectly predictable and accurate weather). In the simulations, rerouting was performed for the 20-minute - 2-hour flight time horizon, and for the en-route segment of air traffic. The implementation uses CWAM, a set of polygons that represent probabilities of pilot deviation around weather. The algorithms were implemented in a software-based air traffic simulation system. Initial results of the system's performance and effectiveness were encouraging. Simulation results showed that when flights were rerouted in the 20-minute - 2-hour flight time horizon of air traffic, there were fewer weather encounters in the first 20 minutes than for flights that were not rerouted. Some preliminary results were also obtained that showed that rerouting will also increase complexity. More simulations will be conducted in order to report conclusive results on the effects of rerouting on complexity. Thus, the use of the 20-minute - 2-hour flight time horizon weather avoidance teniques performed in the simulation is expected to provide benefits for short-term weather avoidance

A case with late clinical presentation of Takayasu’s arteritis

Takayasu's arteritis also known as pulseless disease is a kind of granulomatous vasculitis that characterized large size vessels involvement with massive intimal fibrosis. It is usually occurs in female gender in middle ages. Unusual Takayasu's arteritis case with different clinical presentation was reported in current paper. A 42 years old male patient was admitted to cardiovascular surgery clinic with sudden onset cyanosis in first finger of right hand. There was not any finding or complaint in his past medical history. The right brachial, radial and ulnar pulses were not palpable in physical examination and blood pressure could not measured from this extremity. Bilateral upper limb arterial doppler ultrasound revealed minimal flow in right and disrupted biphasic flow pattern in left. Peripheral angiography revealed total occlusion after the osteal segment of right subclavian artery, pre-occlusive stenosis in proximal segment of left subclavian artery and total occlusion in abdominal aorta just prior the iliac bifurcation. There was no serological or biochemical positivity in blood parameters and no additional visualization finding. Antiaggregant, anticoagulant and intravenous peripheral vasodilator therapy was utilized to patient for finger cyanosis. Patient was discharged with full recovery of finger coloration and referred to rheumatology clinic for further investigation. Microembolism may be messenger of wide-spread vascular disorders for example vasculitis. Thus, detailed systemic examinations should be applied in patients who admitted with micro-circulatory system symptoms

YABANCILAŞMANIN İŞTEN AYRILMA EĞİLİMİNE ETKİSİNİ BELİRLEMEYE YÖNELİK BİR ALAN ARAŞTIRMASI

Yapılan bu araştırmada konfeksiyon sektöründe görev yapan iş görenlerin yabancılaşma düzeyleri ve işten ayrılmaya olan etkisi belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Kişinin yaptığı işten, çevresinden ya da benliğinden ayrılma veya uzaklaşma duygusunu dile getiren yabancılaşma kavramı, işletmelerde bir çok olumsuz sonuçlar doğurmakta ve verimliliği düşürmektedir. Aynı zamanda kişinin ruhsal sağlığı olumsuz yönde etkilenmektedir. Bu çalışmada konfeksiyon sektöründe görev yapan iş görenlerin yabancılaşma duyguları ile işten ayrılma eğilimleri arasındaki ilişki belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplamak için anket yöntemi kullanılmış olup elde edilen verilere parametrik ve nonparametrik istatistik analiz teknikleri uygulanmıştır. Daha sonra elde edilen bulgular değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda çalışanların yabancılaşma duygusu ile işten ayrılma eğilimi arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir

Postpartum Unilateral Sacral Stress Fracture Mimicking Lumbar Radiculopathy: Case Report

Postpartum sacral stress fracture is a very rare clinical entity. Because of the ambiguous clinical and radiological findings, it is often diagnosed late. A case of a postpartal 25-year-old female patient presented with acute onset of low back pain radiating to the right extremity, mimicking lumbar radiculopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging of sacrum revealed a non-displaced stress fracture of the right sacral ala. The 25-hydroxy vitamine D level of the patient was very low; dual energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements were in the normal range. The patient is completely cured as a result of conservative treatment. As a result, sacrum stress fracture should be kept in mind in the presence of back pain during pregnancy and postpartum period

Exploring Marine Microbial Community Structure Using 16S rRNA Amplicon Sequencing: First results to understand their role in the oligotrophic marine ecosystem

Biogeochemical cycle, biotechnology or basic researches done by standard methods (culturing) provide biased and limited information. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) platforms are the best tool that uses culture-independent approaches and thus provides data related to the microbial genetic diversity, while the organic matter produced by marine plants (photosynthesis) sinks to the bottom of the sea, some are exposed to decomposition by bacteria that produce the inorganic nutrients necessary for marine plants. This recycling/decomposition performed by bacteria makes them a central component of the marine biogeochemical cycles, which in turn signifies their importance in some of the most important environmental problems facing the world, including climate change and eutrophication. Despite the many important roles they play, bacteria are one of the least known components of the marine biogeochemical cycles and their representation in the marine biogeochemical models is highly limited. Here we will present the first culture independent 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing study results in the northeastern 4thEcology and Evolutionary Biology Symposium, Turkey, 201721Mediterranean Sea. Seawater sample collected from the surface in the 200 meters’ station of the Erdemli Time Series stations and sequenced by next generation sequencing platform to explore community composition and to understand their functional diversity.The number of OTUs assigned is 143 and 96% of it was classified as Bacteria, 1% as Archaea and 3% unclassified. It is the first data to develop a gene-centric model to determine the rates of the reactions that the bacteria perform

Evaluation of the diurnal intraocular pressure fluctuations and blood pressure under dehydration due to fasting

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the diurnal intraocular pressure fluctuations under dehydration conditions and the relationship between the intraocular pressure fluctuations and blood pressure. Methods: The intraocular pressures (IOP), body weights, as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP, DBP) of 36 fasting healthy volunteers were recorded at 8:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. in the Ramadan of 2014 and two weeks after it. The data were analyzed using paired Student’s t-test and Pearson correlation analysis. Results: As the results demonstrated, the mean diurnal IOP differences of IOP, SBP, DBP, and weight were 2.67±1.33 mmHg, 9.44±8.02 mmHg, 3.33±5.94 mmHg, and 0.90±0.46 kg during the fasting period, respectively. In addition, the mean diurnal IOP differences of IOP, SBP, DBP, and weight were -0.33±1.4 mmHg (P=0.001), 0.55±7.25mmHg (P=0.003), -3.33±5.94 mmHg (P=0.001), and 0.12±0.45 kg (P=0.001) during the control period, respectively. There was a moderate correlation between the diurnal IOP and SBP differences (r=0.517, P=0.028). Conclusion: Based on the findings of the current study, the total fluid volume might have a more dominant effect on IOP peaks than the sympathetic system activity. Furthermore, the SBP was found to correlate with the IOP

Convective weather avoidance with uncertain weather forecasts

This paper describes simulations of an automated planning system that routes flights around airspace impacted by forecasted convective weather. If the system predicts that a flight will enter a weather-impacted airspace within a predefined time horizon, it generates a new route. Because the forecasts are uncertain, the system periodically generates, using updates of the weather forecasts and radar tracks, new reroutes. The simulations included convective weather in the northeastern quadrant of the United States over a 24-hr period. Multiple simulations investigated the system performance as the planning horizon and planning frequency varied. As the planning horizon and frequency increased, the system successfully routed more traffic around weather but with more route changes. For a planning horizon of 20 to 120 minutes and a planning frequency of four cycles per hour, the reroutes increased flight time by 3.3% and avoided 79% of the weather-impacted airspaces that were detected. Most flights required one to three reroutes to pass by a weather-impacted airspace, while the worst case flights required six reroutes