The Potential of Omega-3 Supplementation to Reduce Muscle-Inflammation after Muscle-Damaging Exercise

Muscle Damaging exercise (EIMD) induces inflammation and relates to strength loss, muscle-soreness and impaired recovery. Overall, this means a performance impairment which might be relevant for those who engages in competitions or strenuous physical activities. It remains unclear whether Omega-3 fatty acids (O-3) supplementation blunts the exercise-induced inflammation associated with EIMD and therefore prevents performance impairment. PURPOSE: Following a three-week supplementation with O-3, indirect markers of muscle damage were examined after a bout of EIMD to determine if supplementation had any beneficial effect in maintaining leg-strength levels. METHODS: Eight healthy, recreationally active caucasian males (28.13 ± 3.4 yr) were randomly allocated to a supplementation group (SUP, n = 4) to receive 2.85g/day O-3 supplementation or a control group (CON, n = 4) for three weeks. Following supplementation, participants performed a bout of EIMD, which consisted of performing 10 sets of 15 repetitions of leg extension at a self-assessed intensity of 7/10 on the Rate of Perceived Exertion scale. Creatine Kinase (CK) from venous blood samples, isometric right-leg strength, squat-jump test and perceived soreness were determined, as indirect markers of muscle-damage at Baseline, immediately after EIMD (POST) and 48 hours after EIMD to coincide with the delayed muscle inflammatory response. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found between Baseline and POST. There was a trend for smaller increase of CK levels (pre vs 48-h post EIMD) on the SUP group (38.8% increase) compared with the CON group (105.6% increase; P = 0.051). There was no significant effect (baseline vs. 48-h post EIMD) on muscle strength between SUP and CON group (P > 0.05), however, CON showed a larger decrease in strength compared to SUP (> 6.3% vs SUP). No differences in jump height were found between SUP and CON (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in muscle soreness at 48-h post EIMD between SUP and CON group (P = 0.171). CONCLUSION: Three weeks of O-3 supplementation might decrease exercise-induced muscle inflammation after eccentric exercise. The lack of statistical significance may be adduced to the limitations of the study design and sample size. Supplementation with O-3 can be beneficial in athletes undergoing heavy exercise regimes and in sedentary individuals restarting physical activity, decreasing the exercise related muscle inflammation. The encouraging results from this pilot study have led to designing further work related to this topic

Modern foreign approachesto optimizing the medicines quality control system

The article presents the results of systematization of foreign approaches to optimizing the quality control system of medicines. Three approaches were identified

Mass Transportation on Sub-Riemannian Manifolds

We study the optimal transport problem in sub-Riemannian manifolds where the cost function is given by the square of the sub-Riemannian distance. Under appropriate assumptions, we generalize Brenier-McCann's Theorem proving existence and uniqueness of the optimal transport map. We show the absolute continuity property of Wassertein geodesics, and we address the regularity issue of the optimal map. In particular, we are able to show its approximate differentiability a.e. in the Heisenberg group (and under some weak assumptions on the measures the differentiability a.e.), which allows to write a weak form of the Monge-Amp\`ere equation

Modeling the magnetostriction effect in elastomers with magnetically soft and hard particles

We analyze theoretically the field-induced microstructural deformations in a hybrid elastomer, that consists of a polymer matrix filled with a mixture of magnetically soft and magnetically hard spherical microparticles. These composites were introduced recently in order to obtain a material that allows the tuning of its properties by both, magnetically active and passive control. Our theoretical analysis puts forward two complementary models: a continuum magnetomechanical model and a bead-spring computer simulation model. We use both approaches to describe qualitatively the microstructural response of such elastomers to applied external fields, showing that the combination of magnetically soft and hard particles may lead to an unusual magnetostriction effect: either an elongation or a shrinking in the direction of the applied field depending on its magnitude. This behavior is observed for conditions (moderate particle densities, fields and deformations) under which the approximations of our models (linear response regime, negligible mutual magnetization between magnetically soft particles) are physically valid. © The Royal Society of Chemistry.Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG: OD 18/24-1Russian Foundation for Basic Research, RFBR: 19-52-12028, 19-52-12045, 17-41-590160Government Council on Grants, Russian FederationP. A. S. and S. S. K. acknowledge support by the DFG grant OD 18/24-1, by the Act 211 of the Government of the Russian Federation, contract No. 02.A03.21.0006, and by the FWF START-Projekt Y 627-N27. S. S. K. also acknowledges RFBR Grant 19-52-12028. O. V. S. and Yu. L. R. acknowledge support by RFBR projects 17-41-590160 and 19-52-12045, respectively. Computer simulations were carried out at the Vienna Scientific Cluster

Surface relief of magnetoactive elastomeric films in a homogeneous magnetic field: Molecular dynamics simulations

The structure of a thin magnetoactive elastomeric (MAE) film adsorbed on a solid substrate is studied by molecular dynamics simulations. Within the adopted coarse-grained approach, a MAE film consists of magnetic particles modeled as soft-core spheres, carrying point dipoles, connected by elastic springs representing a polymer matrix. MAE films containing 20, 25 and 30 vol% of randomly distributed magnetic particles are simulated. Once a magnetic field is applied, the competition between dipolar, elastic and Zeeman forces leads to the restructuring of the layer. The distribution of the magnetic particles as well as elastic strains within the MAE films are calculated for various magnetic fields applied perpendicular to the film surface. It is shown that the surface roughness increases strongly with growing magnetic field. For a given magnetic field, the roughness is larger for the softer polymeric matrix and exhibits a nonmonotonic dependence on the magnetic particle concentration. The obtained results provide a better understanding of the MAE surface structuring as well as possible guidelines for fabrication of MAE films with a tunable surface topology. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2019.Financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research is gratefully acknowledged (grant no. 16-29-05276). The authors acknowledge support from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Contract 02.A03.21.0006 (Project 3.1438.2017/4.6). P. A. S. and S. S. K. are also supported by the FWF START-Projekt Y 627-N27. S. S. K. also acknowledges support from ETN-COLLDENSE (H2020-MSCA-ITN-2014, Grant No. 642774). Computer simulations were carried out at the Vienna Scientific Cluster

Mass transportation with LQ cost functions

We study the optimal transport problem in the Euclidean space where the cost function is given by the value function associated with a Linear Quadratic minimization problem. Under appropriate assumptions, we generalize Brenier's Theorem proving existence and uniqueness of an optimal transport map. In the controllable case, we show that the optimal transport map has to be the gradient of a convex function up to a linear change of coordinates. We give regularity results and also investigate the non-controllable case

Microstructure and magnetic properties of magnetic fluids consisting of shifted dipole particles under the influence of an external magnetic field

We investigate the structure of a recently proposed magnetic fluid consisting of shifted dipolar (SD) particles in an externally applied magnetic field via computer simulations. For standard dipolar fluids the applied magnetic field usually enhances the dipole-dipole correlations and facilitates chain formation whereas in the present system the effect of an external field can result in a break-up of clusters. We thoroughly investigate the origin of this phenomenon through analyzing first the ground states of the SD-particle systems as a function of an applied field. In a second step we quantify the microstructure of these systems as functions of the shift parameter, the effective interaction parameter, and the applied magnetic field strength. We conclude the paper by showing that with the proper choice of parameters, it is possible to create a system of SD-particles with highly interacting magnetic particles, whose initial susceptibility is below the Langevin susceptibility, and which remains spatially isotropic even in a very strong external magnetic field. © 2013 AIP Publishing LLC

Approximating a Behavioural Pseudometric without Discount for<br> Probabilistic Systems

Desharnais, Gupta, Jagadeesan and Panangaden introduced a family of behavioural pseudometrics for probabilistic transition systems. These pseudometrics are a quantitative analogue of probabilistic bisimilarity. Distance zero captures probabilistic bisimilarity. Each pseudometric has a discount factor, a real number in the interval (0, 1]. The smaller the discount factor, the more the future is discounted. If the discount factor is one, then the future is not discounted at all. Desharnais et al. showed that the behavioural distances can be calculated up to any desired degree of accuracy if the discount factor is smaller than one. In this paper, we show that the distances can also be approximated if the future is not discounted. A key ingredient of our algorithm is Tarski's decision procedure for the first order theory over real closed fields. By exploiting the Kantorovich-Rubinstein duality theorem we can restrict to the existential fragment for which more efficient decision procedures exist

Continuity of Optimal Control Costs and its application to Weak KAM Theory

We prove continuity of certain cost functions arising from optimal control of affine control systems. We give sharp sufficient conditions for this continuity. As an application, we prove a version of weak KAM theorem and consider the Aubry-Mather problems corresponding to these systems.Comment: 23 pages, 1 figures, added explanations in the proofs of the main theorem and the exampl

Modern antiviral drugs

The article presents comparative analysis of antiviral plant-based drugs, assessment of the possibility of using domestic plant materials for production of new antiviral herbal remedies.В статье представлена сравнительная характеристика противовирусных препаратов растительного происхождения. Проведена оценка возможности использования отечественного растительного сырья для производства новых противовирусных препаратов