Source Behavior for ATM ABR Traffic Management: An Explanation

The Available Bit Rate (ABR) service has been developed to support data applications over Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networks. The network continuously monitors its traffic and provides feedback to the source end systems. This paper explains the rules that the sources have to follow to achieve a fair and efficient allocation of network resources.Comment: IEEE Communications Magazine, November 1, 1996, vol 34, no11, pp50-5

Short course chemotherapy in the treatment of brain tuberculoma - a controlled clinical trial

74 cases diagnosed to have brain tuberculoma on the basis of clinical and CT Scan criteria have been admitted to study in a 24 month period from October, 1986. These cases were randomly allocated to either Rif+INH+Pyrazinamide given daily or thrice weekly for 3 months followed by Rif and INH twice-weekly for a period of 6 months. therapy and The efficacy of short course chemothe serial CT Scan changes in relation to therapy are being evaluated in this prospective study. A biopsy is done after 2 months of treatment if the scan does not show 20% reduction in size of the mass

Solvent Extraction of Germanium Using Tributyl Phosphate

1031-103

Nanomaterials synthesis by a novel phenomenon: The nanoscale Rayleigh-Taylor instability

The Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) interfacial instability has been attributed to physical phenomenon in a wide variety of macroscopic systems, including black holes, laser generated plasmas, and thick fluids. However, evidence for its existence in the nanoscale is lacking. Here we first show theoretically that this instability can occur in films with thickness negligible compared to the capillary length when they are heated rapidly inside a bulk fluid. Pressure gradients developed in the evaporated fluid region produce large forces causing the instability. Experiments were performed by melting Au films inside glycerol fluid by nanosecond laser pulses. The ensuingnanoparticles had highly monomodal size distributions. Importantly, the spacing of thenanoparticles was independent of the film thickness and could be tuned by the magnitude of the pressure gradients. Therefore, this instability can overcome some of the limitations of conventional thin self-organization techniques that rely on film thickness to control length scales

Analysis of Software Aging in a Web Server

A number of recent studies have reported the phenomenon of “software aging”, characterized by progressive performance degradation and/or an increased occurrence rate of hang/crash failures of a software system due to the exhaustion of operating system resources or the accumulation of errors. To counteract this phenomenon, a proactive technique called 'software rejuvenation' has been proposed. It essentially involves stopping the running software, cleaning its internal state and/or its environment and then restarting it. Software rejuvenation, being preventive in nature, begs the question as to when to schedule it. Periodic rejuvenation, while straightforward to implement, may not yield the best results, because the rate at which software ages is not constant, but it depends on the time-varying system workload. Software rejuvenation should therefore be planned and initiated in the face of the actual system behavior. This requires the measurement, analysis and prediction of system resource usage. In this paper, we study the development of resource usage in a web server while subjecting it to an artificial workload. We first collect data on several system resource usage and activity parameters. Non-parametric statistical methods are then applied for detecting and estimating trends in the data sets. Finally, we fit time series models to the data collected. Unlike the models used previously in the research on software aging, these time series models allow for seasonal patterns, and we show how the exploitation of the seasonal variation can help in adequately predicting the future resource usage. Based on the models employed here, proactive management techniques like software rejuvenation triggered by actual measurements can be built. --Software aging,software rejuvenation,Linux,Apache,web server,performance monitoring,prediction of resource utilization,non-parametric trend analysis,time series analysis

Clinicopathological profile of children evaluated for suspected tuberculosis in a rural medical college hospital

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem all over the world and India accounts for nearly one-third of the world TB burden. Pediatric TB has been estimated to account for approximately 20–40% of the cases in India. However, the diagnosis of childhood TB remains a challenge and is a major cause of concern in the eradication of TB. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to study the various clinical features and laboratory parameters in children suspected to have TB and to find out the most useful parameter to diagnose TB in children. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted in a rural medical college hospital during the year 2017. Children up to the age of 14 years with a clinical diagnosis of suspicious TB were included in the study and the confirmation of TB was evaluated. All demographic data, contact history, symptoms, clinical findings, and laboratory parameters were retrieved from the medical records department and analyzed. Results: A total of 102 children were included in the present study and the predominant age group affected was between 5 and 10 years (30.4%) with male predominance (55%). The predominant clinical presentation was cervical  lymphadenopathy (n=46; 45%) followed by contact history of contact with TB (n=34; 33.3%). Among the investigations, Mantoux positivity was observed in six cases, granulomatous lymphadenitis in 10 cases, and one pleural fluid analysis showed evidence of TB. Of 102 cases, 14 cases were confirmed as TB and one as latent TB infection (LTBI). Among the confirmed cases, cytological study was useful for confirming TB in 71.4% of cases, Mantoux positivity for five cases of TB (35.7%), and one case of LTBI. Conclusion: Cervical adenitis and contact history were common among suspected TB children and lymph node cytological study followed by Mantoux test was the useful parameters for confirming TB

Core Loaded Thin-walled Sleeved Column System

In conventional columns, the load carrying capacity is governed by the yield strength of the material and its buckling strength. The yield strength of the compression member is governed by the mechanical property of the material and its area of cross section while its elastic buckling strength depends on the least flexural stiffness (EI) ofthe cross section and its effective unsupported length. The elastic flexural buckling strength of a compression member is given by the well known Euler equation. In practice the strength of conventional compression members is less than bot.h the yield strength and Euler buckling strength due to the effects of imperfections, residual stresses etc.(Bjorhovde(1988)). In this paper behaviour of a novel patented concept, referred to as core loaded thin-walled sleeved column system, is discussed

When Can Limited Randomness Be Used in Repeated Games?

The central result of classical game theory states that every finite normal form game has a Nash equilibrium, provided that players are allowed to use randomized (mixed) strategies. However, in practice, humans are known to be bad at generating random-like sequences, and true random bits may be unavailable. Even if the players have access to enough random bits for a single instance of the game their randomness might be insufficient if the game is played many times. In this work, we ask whether randomness is necessary for equilibria to exist in finitely repeated games. We show that for a large class of games containing arbitrary two-player zero-sum games, approximate Nash equilibria of the $n$-stage repeated version of the game exist if and only if both players have $\Omega(n)$ random bits. In contrast, we show that there exists a class of games for which no equilibrium exists in pure strategies, yet the $n$-stage repeated version of the game has an exact Nash equilibrium in which each player uses only a constant number of random bits. When the players are assumed to be computationally bounded, if cryptographic pseudorandom generators (or, equivalently, one-way functions) exist, then the players can base their strategies on "random-like" sequences derived from only a small number of truly random bits. We show that, in contrast, in repeated two-player zero-sum games, if pseudorandom generators \emph{do not} exist, then $\Omega(n)$ random bits remain necessary for equilibria to exist

Continuous pressure monitoring for large volume CO2 injections

Elevated formation fluid pressure resulting from large-volume injection of carbon dioxide (CO2) for sequestration is a key factor affecting storage seal integrity (containment risk) and ultimate capacity. Current methods for predicting pressure evolution (e.g. natural gas storage, EOR, groundwater withdrawal/recharge) have unique considerations (temporal cyclicity, associated production) and have only recently been applied for the injected volumes, durations, and extents of sequestration projects. Monitoring pressure dynamics (buildup during injection and subsequent falloff upon cessation) is a fundamental and relatively inexpensive technique for monitoring storage performance. Our research employs multiple numerical techniques to predict the evolution of pressure within reservoirs and to evaluate the potential impact on confining systems (seals), thus constraining site-specific sequestration storage integrity and capacity. We focus on the use of pressure measurements for pragmatic integrative monitoring of reservoir, seal, and well performance. The results presented here focus on real-time pressure and temperature evolution in a dedicated observation well, combining observations from both the injection interval and a monitoring interval 120 m higher for early detection of unanticipated migration out of the injection zone via wellbores or confining system. Results indicate that for the Cranfield reservoir, increases (and by inference, decreases corresponding to pressure loss due to out of zone migration) in injection rates of 100’s of tons per day are observable from less than a kilometer distance from the source.Bureau of Economic Geolog

Analysis of Software Aging in a Web Server

A number of recent studies have reported the phenomenon of “software aging”, characterized by progressive performance degradation and/or an increased occurrence rate of hang/crash failures of a software system due to the exhaustion of operating system resources or the accumulation of errors. To counteract this phenomenon, a proactive technique called 'software rejuvenation' has been proposed. It essentially involves stopping the running software, cleaning its internal state and/or its environment and then restarting it. Software rejuvenation, being preventive in nature, begs the question as to when to schedule it. Periodic rejuvenation, while straightforward to implement, may not yield the best results, because the rate at which software ages is not constant, but it depends on the time-varying system workload. Software rejuvenation should therefore be planned and initiated in the face of the actual system behavior. This requires the measurement, analysis and prediction of system resource usage. In this paper, we study the development of resource usage in a web server while subjecting it to an artificial workload. We first collect data on several system resource usage and activity parameters. Non-parametric statistical methods are then applied for detecting and estimating trends in the data sets. Finally, we fit time series models to the data collected. Unlike the models used previously in the research on software aging, these time series models allow for seasonal patterns, and we show how the exploitation of the seasonal variation can help in adequately predicting the future resource usage. Based on the models employed here, proactive management techniques like software rejuvenation triggered by actual measurements can be built