Urinary tract infection with serratia marcescens in a 7-months old male infant

idrar yolu enfeksiyonu çocuklardaki bakteriyel enfeksiyonlarin en sik nedenleri arasindadir. idrar yolu enfeksiyonlarinin en sik rastlanan etkeni ise E. coli'dir.Serratia Marcescens hastane kökenli ve kateterizasyonla ilişkili bir enfeksiyon etkeni olarak bilinmektedir. Üriner sistemde malformasyon veya disfonksiyon durumlari dişinda alişilagelmiş bir enfeksiyon etkeni değildir. Bu olgu sunumunda dört ay önce hastanede yatirilmiş ve iki ay önce miksiyon sistoüretrografi (MSUG) çekilmesi sirasinda üriner kateterizasyon öyküsü bulunan 7 aylik erkek bebekte Serratia Marcescens'e bağli idrar yolu enfeksiyonu tartişilmiştirUrinary tract infection is among the most common bacterial infections in childhood. E.coli is the most frequently isolated causative agent in children with urinary tract infection.Serratia Marcescens is known to be responsible for urinary tract infection related to hospitalization and urinary catheterization. Urinary tract infection with Serratia Marcescens without malformation and dysfunction in the urinary tract is not a usual condition. In this paper,we discuss a 7-month-old male infant with urinary tract infection caused by Serratia Marcescens

Metisiline dirençli stafilokok izolatlarında glikopeptid direncinin araştırılması

The emergence of Staphylococcus aureus strains with intermediate resistance (VISA) and heterogen resistance (hVISA) to vancomycin leads to the occurence of severe therapeutic problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the vancomycin resistance in methicillin resistant S.aureus (MRSA) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) isolated from clinical samples in Bacteriology Laboratory of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology Department of Celal Bayar University Faculty of Medicine, Manisa (located in western Anatolia, Turkey). A total of 120 staphyloccoccal strains (92 MRSA and 28 MRCoNS) isolated from different clinical specimens (tracheal aspirate, blood, abscess, wound swabs, sputum, catheter tips, etc) between the period of June 2005 to December 2006 were included to the study. Vancomycin resistance were determined by agar screening method using brain hearth infusion agar plates containing 6 ;amp;#956;g/mL vancomycin. Standard E-test and macro E-test methods were performed for 17 (14%) staphylococcal strains (10 MRSA and 7 MRCoNS) which had grown in agar screening plates. Vancomycin and teicoplanin minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranges of those strains were found as 1.5-4 ;amp;#956;g/mL and 2-4 ;amp;#956;g/mL, respectively, by standard E-test method. In our study, no VISA and hVISA isolates were detected when MIC value of ;amp;#8805;8 ;amp;#956;g/mL for vancomycin and teicoplanin, or ;amp;#8805;12 ;amp;#956;g/mL for teicoplanin only were accepted as the criteria for hVISA determination. Agar screening method which is preferably used in routine laboratories for practical and economical reasons, lower sensitivity and specificity than E-test. It can be concluded that, since agar screening method is not reliable for the detection of vancomycin resistance, further multi-center studies with the use of standard methods are needed in order to clarify the vancomycin resistance patterns of staphylococci in our country.Günümüzde vankomisine orta düzeyde dirençli S.aureus (VISA) ve heterojen dirençli S.aureus (hVISA) suşlarının ortaya çıkmış olması tedavide büyük sorunlar yaratmaktadır. Bu çalışmada metisiline dirençli Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ve koagülaz-negatif stafilokok (MRKNS) klinik izolatlarında glikopeptid direncinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mikrobiyoloji ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı Bakteriyoloji Laboratuvarı’nda Haziran 2005-Aralık 2006 tarihleri arasında çeşitli klinik örneklerden (trakeal aspirat, kan, abse, yara sürüntüsü, balgam, kateter ucu, vb) izole edilen 120 stafilokok suşu (92 MRSA, 28 MRKNS) alınmıştır. Glikopeptid direnci 6 ?g/mL vankomisin içeren beyin-kalp infüzyon agar plakları kullanılarak agar tarama testi ile araştırılmıştır. Agar tarama yöntemi ile elde edilen 17 (%14) stafilokok suşuna (10 MRSA, 7 MRKNS) standart E-test ve makro E-test yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Çalışmamızda, standart E-test yöntemiyle izolatların vankomisin minimum inhibisyon konsantrasyon (MİK) aralığı 1.5-4 ?g/mL, teikoplanin MİK aralığı ise 2-4 ?g/mL olarak bulunmuştur. Vankomisin ve teikoplanin MİK değerleri ?8 ?g/mL veya sadece teikoplanin MİK değeri ?12 ?g/mL olan suşlar hVISA olarak kabul edildiğinde, çalışmamızda VISA ve hVISA izolatına rastlanmamıştır. Sonuç olarak uygulama kolaylığı ve düşük maliyeti nedeniyle rutin laboratuvarlarda tercih edilen ancak özgüllük ve duyarlılığı E-test yöntemine göre oldukça düşük olan agar tarama yönteminin, vankomisin direncinin araştırılmasında güvenilir olmayabileceği ve ülkemizdeki stafilokok izolatlarında vankomisine direnç durumunun belirlenmesi için standart yöntemlerin kullanıldığı çok merkezli çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğu düşünülmüştür

Influence of oral intake of Saccharomyces boulardii on Escherichia coli in enteric flora

Enteric flora constitutes 95% of the cells in the human body. It has been shown that the bacterial content of this flora is affected by diet and changes in nutrition. Considering that urinary tract infections (UTI) are mostly due to ascending infections from the gut flora, the importance of the elements of this flora and their characteristics becomes more evident. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of oral Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) intake on the number of Escherichia coli (E. coli) colonies in the colon. This study was carried out with 14 boys and 10 girls (total of 24 children) aged between 36 and 192 months (mean: 104.3 +/- 45.1 months). A commercial capsule or powder containing 5 billion colony-forming units (cfu) of S. boulardii was administered once a day for 5 days. The number of E. coli and yeast colonies was measured in the stool samples of the study group before and after the use of this drug. Before treatment, the mean number of E. coli colonies in g/ml stool was 384,625 +/- 445,744. This number decreased significantly to 6,283 +/- 20,283 after treatment (p=0.00). S. boulardii was not detected in stool before treatment and the number of colonies increased to 11,047 +/- 26,754 in g/ml stool. S. boulardii may be effective in reducing the number of E. coli colonies in stool. The influence of this finding on clinical practice such as prevention of UTI needs to be clarified by further studies

In vitro effects of antibiofilm agents and antibiotics oncoagulase-negative staphylococci

Coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) are important nosocomial pathogens that cause biofilm infections. Biofilm provides advantages for microorganisms to resist antibiotics and host immune systems. Considering the increased antibiotic resistance, alternative treatments are needed to combat biofilm infections. In the present study, the effects of antibiotics including gentamicin (GEN), ciprofloxacin, doxycycline (DOX), rifampicin (RIF) and antibiofilm agents including N-acetylcysteine (NAC), ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid (EDTA), nisin (NIS), farnesol (FAR) on clinical CoNS biofilm and IS256, icaA gene expression levels were evaluated. Forty-five CoNS strains were isolated from patients’ catheters, at Manisa Celal Bayar University Hospital. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of agents were detected by broth microdilution method with European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) criteria. The combined effects of agents were investigated by checkerboard method. The antibiofilm effects of combinations were investigated by spectrophotometric microplate method. The effects of combinations on IS256 and icaA gene expressions were evaluated by real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. Twenty-four isolates (53.3%) were detected as strong biofilm producer. Biofilm production was inhibited in seven isolates in the presence of EDTA+RIF and NIS+DOX while NIS+GEN combination and RIF inhibited biofilm in six isolates. Nine combinations were found to have synergistic effect against isolate #6 which are resistant to four different antibiotics. The expressions of icaA and IS256 were downregulated in the presence of EDTA, NAC+CIP, NAC+GEN, NIS+GEN, FAR+GEN. Antibiofilm agent/antimicrobial combinations could have promising effects for preventing catheter colonization. The further studies on antibiofilm treatment strategies would be beneficial for decreasing morbidity-mortality rates and healthcare costs caused by biofilms

In vitro effects of antibiofilm agents and antibiotics on coagulase-negative staphylococci

Temel, Aybala/0000-0003-1549-7219;WOS:000592829900004Coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) are important nosocomial pathogens that cause biofilm infections. Biofilm provides advantages for microorganisms to resist antibiotics and host immune systems. Considering the increased antibiotic resistance, alternative treatments are needed to combat biofilm infections. in the present study, the effects of antibiotics including gentamicin (GEN), ciprofloxacin, doxycycline (DOX), rifampicin (RIF) and antibiofilm agents including N-acetylcysteine (NAC), ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid (EDTA), nisin (NIS), farnesol (FAR) on clinical CoNSbiofilm and IS256, icaA gene expression levels were evaluated. Forty-five CoNS strains were isolated from patients' catheters, at Manisa Celal Bayar University Hospital. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of agents were detected by broth microdilution method with European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) criteria. The combined effects of agents were investigated by checkerboard method. The antibiofilm effects of combinations were investigated by spectrophotometric microplate method. The effects of combinations on IS256 and icaA gene expressions were evaluated by real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. Twenty-four isolates (53.3%) were detected as strong biofilm producer. Biofilm production was inhibited in seven isolates in the presence of EDTA+RIF and NIS+DOX while NIS+GEN combination and RIF inhibited biofilm in six isolates. Nine combinations were found to have synergistic effect against isolate #6 which are resistant to four different antibiotics. The expressions of icaA and IS256 were downregulated in the presence of EDTA, NAC+CIP, NAC+GEN, NIS+GEN, FAR+GEN. Antibiofilm agent/antimicrobial combinations could have promising effects for preventing catheter colonization. The further studies on antibiofilm treatment strategies would be beneficial for decreasing morbidity-mortality rates and healthcare costs caused by biofilms.Ege University Scientific Research Projects (BAP) commission [16-ECZ-019]This work was supported by the Ege University Scientific Research Projects (BAP) commission with 16-ECZ-019 project code

Seroprevalence of West Nile virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Francisella tularensis and Borrelia burgdorferi in rural population of Manisa, western Turkey

Background & objectives: Zoonotic diseases are well recognised threat to public health globally. The information of regional prevalence and associated risk factors allow the national programmes to determine and frame better strategies for their control, as they also provide the actual status of zoonosis in the region. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of West Nile virus (WNV), Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), Francisella tularensis and Borrelia burgdorferi among the rural residents of Manisa region, Turkey and to identify the associated risk factors. Methods: Cross sectional study was conducted in rural parts of Manisa, Aegean region of western Turkey in 2012. Blood samples from 324 randomly selected subjects were screened for the presence of IgG antibodies to WNV, CCHFV, F. tularensis and B. burgdorferi with commercially available kits. The demographic structure of the rural residents and risk factors related to lifestyle such as outdoor agriculture activities, animal husbandry, hunting and history of tick bite were questioned and their relationships with positive results were analyzed statistically. Results: It was observed that 49 subjects (15%) had IgG antibodies to at least one of the zoonotic agents studied. The seroprevalence of F. tularensis was highest with a percentage of 7.1% (n = 23). Distribution of the positive results for WNV, CCHFV and B. burgdorferi were 4.3% (n = 14), 3.7% (n = 12) and 0.9% (n = 3), respectively. Older age and uncompleted secondary education were the statistically significant risk factors for seropositivity to at least one zoonotic agent investigated. Logistic regression analyses confirmed that older age (over 50) increased the risk of WNV and CCHFV seropositivity. Interpretation & conclusion: Seropositivity rates were not found to be higher than the expected rates. Further, studies are needed to evaluate the threat of vector borne zoonoses and associated risk factors in the study area