STUDY ON IN VITRO CYTOTOXICITY OF PAPAIN AGAINST LIVER CANCER CELL LINE HEP G2

Objective: Cancer is a devastating public health problem all over the world. Herbal medicines have a vital role in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Papain is a proteolytic enzyme and a phyto therapeutic agent which highly appreciated in the medical field that prevents several chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes. The aim of the study describes about the cytotoxicity of papain against liver cancer cell line HepG2. Methods: In different concentrations of samples have been taken for cytotoxicity analysis using the MTT assay and calculate the percentage of cell viability. Results: The 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of a sample was 125µg/ml and their cell viability percentage was 49.20. The 85% of cytotoxicity has been observed in 1000 µg/ml of papain against HepG2 cell line than other concentrations. Conclusion: 1000 µg/ml of papain has maximum (85%) cytotoxicity effect against liver cancer cell line hepG2

INFLUENCE OF FOOT TYPE ON BALANCE AND POSTURAL SWAY AMONG THE COMMUNITY DWELLING OLDER ADULTSâ€

Aim: To compare the relationship between Foot Type, Postural sway and Balance among the community dwelling older adult.Objective:  1. To find the correlation between foot type on static and dynamic balance among community dwelling older adults2.To find the correlation between postural sway and foot type among community dwelling older adults.Methodology: 20 community dwelling older adults were included for the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The subjects foot type was assessed using the navicular drop test. The subjects were classified into 3 different foot types: as pronated, neutral and supinated. After classifying the subject according to the foot type, they were measured for static and dynamic balance using Berg Balance Scale(BBS). For the same subjects, postural sway was assessed with Lord's Sway meter under 4 situations: 1. Standing on stable surface(floor) open eyes and 2. Standing on stable surface(floor) closed eyes, 3. Standing on unstable surface(foam) with eyes open and 4. Standing on unstable surface(foam) with eyes closed. The sway of older adult was recorded and analysedResult: There was strong correlation between pronated and anteroposterior sway in EO on unstable surface and between neutral and anteroposterior sway in EC standing on stable surface. There was moderate correlation between berg balance scale score and neutral foot type. Pronated and anteroposterior sway in EO standing on stable surface also showed moderate correlation.Conclusion: The results showed strong to moderate correlation between foot type, postural sway and balance, from this study it is clear that foot position affects the balance among older adults.  Â

A Study on Suicidal Ideation in Schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND : Suicide is common cause of premature death in schizophrenia in worldwide and in India. WHO survey report was total global mortality rate of suicide in worldwide around 2%. In India 10% of schizophrenic patients are died by suicide. Prevalence rate of suicide in schizophrenia around 40% to % % 50%.Early and effective preventive measure will reduce suicidal mortality. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The following were the aims and objectives of our study: • To study the frequency of suicidal ideation in schizophrenia. • To compare the clinical and socio-demographic profile of patients suffering from schizophrenia with and without suicidal ideation. • To study the various risk factors of suicidal ideation in patients suffering from schizophrenia. • To study the relationship of severity, type and duration of schizophrenic illness in patients with and without suicidal ideation. METHODS : A cross-sectional study was conducted in 64 schizophrenic patients in KMC Psychiatric Department. RESULTS : prevalence of suicidal ideation was 45.31%. 27 out of 64 patients had suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION : Suicide was more prevalence in high intelligence, high socio economic status, rural population and nuclear family. Attempted suicides are common in women committed suicides are common in men. Co-morbid depression and substance misuse increase the suicidal risk

Total organic carbon profile in water and sediment in coral reef ecosystem of Agatti Island, Lakshadweep Sea

936-942Total organic carbon profile in sea water (depth-wise) and sediment has been investigated on seasonal basis in the coral reef ecosystem of Agatti island, Lakshadweep sea. The TOC values of sea water and sediment were converted into percentage to understand its level of distribution. The level of TOC in the surface sea water ranged from 0.40 to 1.02 ppm and the level of TOC at the ~5 m depth ranged from 0.18 to 1.86 ppm. The pH did not show any variation depth-wise (7.65 to 8.49). Sedimentary organic carbon (SOC) was found in the range of 0.21 to 2.35 mg C/g. Significant seasonal variation was not found for water TOC and SOC levels. The pH for sediment was recorded from 7.79 to 8.62. Water pH showed significant positive correlation with sediment pH (R2=0.959). The sand fraction was found more in the texture followed by silt and clay. Clay was found to have positive correlation with SOC (P >0.01). The TOC profile in the Lakshadweep sea was found in the order: Surface water TOC < water TOC at ~5 m depth < SOC. The percentage composition of SOC showed more than 1000 times as compared to water TOC. However, the levels recorded in this study are found within the limit prescribed by EPA and its influence on coral reef ecosystem is discussed

Organizational stressors and job stress among Malaysian managers: the moderating role of personality traits

Job stress is vastly present in today’s organizations, and the costs of these phenomena cut across all levels of society. In recent years, researchers considering job stress in the workplace have made great strides in understanding several aspects of the stress phenomenon in the field of organizational behavior. Thus, it becomes more important that the individual variables of these job stresses are well explored and directly linked to individuals experiencing this situation, in order to ensure the right stressors are well understood and other moderating functions are studied, like the personality variables. This research presents an integration of past research and theory that models the relationship of organizational stressors like conflict, work overload, unfavorable work condition, and the moderating role of personality traits among managers. The scope of this study is limited to managerial positions in electronics firms in Malaysia. A set of demographic factors like gender, marital status and educational background, are also studied as influencing factors to job stress. The final framework in this study includes the organizational stressors as the independent variable and job stress as the dependent variable, with the personality traits moderating that relationship. A proportional sampling plan will be done to cover the surveys to be covering all major locations of electronics firms in Malaysia. Theoretical and managerial implications of the study will be discussed in details. The implication of the study would be extremely beneficial for electronics organizations in not only identifying the organizational sources of job stress, but also to understand the personality behaviors of their management staffs and how that related to job stress. Organizational stressors play a big role in the study, in which understanding its influence to job stress and how to manage and cope would enable the leadership team in the electronics organizations to be able to handle job stress more efficiently

Prognostic scoring system and risk stratification in patients with emphysematous pyelonephritis: an 11‐year prospective study at a tertiary referral centre

Objectives: To define pre‐morbid, clinical, laboratory, and imaging features and identify prognostic factors associated with morbidity and mortality in patients with emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) and develop a prognostic scoring system for improving management outcomes. / Patients and Methods: From January 2009 to December 2019, we performed a prospective study of all patients with a suspected diagnosis of EPN referred to a specialist tertiary centre in South India. All patients who underwent non‐contrast computed tomography of the abdomen and those diagnosed with EPN were included in this study. Demographic parameters, imaging, haematological and microbiology results were recorded. Patients were divided into three groups: Group 1, patients who survived without any intervention; Group 2, those who survived with surgical intervention; and Group 3, those who died with or without intervention. A prognostic scoring system was developed from 18 different parameters and risk stratification was developed. The scores were correlated with overall prognosis. / Results: Data from 131 patients with EPN enrolled in the study were analysed: Group 1 (n = 22), Group 2 (n = 102) and Group 3 (n = 7). By using univariate analysis, 10 factors were identified to be significantly associated with prognosis. Diabetes mellitus was the most common comorbidity. Shock at initial admission indicated a poor prognosis and warranted immediate attention (P < 0.001). / Conclusions: A multi‐disciplinary approach, a high index of clinical suspicion, an early diagnosis and administration of culture‐specific antibiotics with identification of prognostic indicators and risk stratification, allows prompt and appropriate medical and surgical treatments that could improve EPN management outcomes

Cloning of partial putative gonadotropin hormone receptor sequence from fish

A search for the presence of mariner-like elements in the Labeo rohita genome by polymerase chain reaction led to the amplification of a partial DNA sequence coding for a putative transmembrane domain of gonadotropin hormone receptor. The amplified DNA sequence shows a high degree of homology to the available turkey and human luteinizing and follicle stimulating hormone receptor coding sequences. This is the first report on cloning such sequences of piscine origin

Design of Multifunctional Lattice‐Frame Materials for Compact Heat Exchangers

Structured porous materials show great potential as extended surfaces in heat-exchange applications that also require design for load-bearing capability. In particular, lattice-frame materials (LFM) are known for their superior strength-to-weight ratio; this work presents a comprehensive experimental and numerical study of fluid flow and heat transfer in porous LFMs. Flow through a periodic unit cell of the material is simulated to characterize the forced-convection performance under hydraulically and thermally fully developed conditions. The performance of LFMs with a tetrahedral ligament configuration is characterized as a function of Reynolds number in the laminar regime (150 \u3c Re \u3c 1000) in terms of Nusselt number and friction factor; the effect of porosity is studied by changing the ligament diameter. Experiments are performed for a subset of porosities to validate the numerical approach. A method is demonstrated for utilizing the simulation results, which assume perfect surface efficiency, to predict the performance of LFMs with non-ideal surface efficiency, based on the conduction resistance of the ligaments. It is shown that the thermal behavior of the ligaments closely matches that of cylindrical fins in cross flow and that this analogy can be used to calculate the overall surface efficiency. The implications of the current results on the design of compact heat exchangers using LFMs is assessed using several conventional performance metrics. Our analysis illustrates the challenges in defining any one universal performance metric for compact heat exchanger design; an appropriate performance metric must be selected that accounts for the particular multifunctional performance characteristics of interest. LFMs are shown to provide the benefits of high-porosity and high surface area-to-volume ratio of materials such as metal foams, while also incurring lower pressure drops and displaying higher structural integrity. This makes them ideal for heat exchangers in aerospace and other applications demanding such multifunctional capabilities. The characterization provided in this study readily allows LFM designs for heat exchanger applications with combined heat-transfer and pressure-drop constraints

Job Stress among Malaysian Managers: The Moderating Role of Coping Methods

Job stress is vastly present in today’s organizations, and the costs of these phenomena cut across all levels of society. In recent years, researchers considering job stress in the workplace have made great strides in understanding several aspects of the stress phenomenon in the field of organizational behavior. Thus, it becomes more important that the coping methods of these job stresses are well explored and directly linked to individuals experiencing this situation, in order to ensure the right methods can be used for the best benefits in coping with job stresses. This research presents an integration of past research and theory that models the relationship of antecedents of job stress and coping methods among managers. The scope of this case study is limited to managerial positions in electronics firms in Malaysia. A set of demographic factors like gender, marital status and educational background, are also studied as influencing factors to job stress. The final framework in this study includes the coping variables, in which will determine the best and most suitable coping methods for managers under job stress. A proportional sampling plan will be done to cover the surveys to be covering all major locations of electronics firms in Malaysia. Theoretical and managerial implications of the study will be discussed in details. The implication of the study would be extremely beneficial for electronics organizations in not only identifying the organizational sources of job stress, but also to understand the personality behaviors of their management staffs. More importantly, this study will recommend the best coping methods for managers that would enable the leadership team in the electronics organizations to be able to handle job stress more efficiently