38 research outputs found
Inclusive Production Cross Sections from 920 GeV Fixed Target Proton-Nucleus Collisions
Inclusive differential cross sections and
for the production of \kzeros, \lambdazero, and
\antilambda particles are measured at HERA in proton-induced reactions on C,
Al, Ti, and W targets. The incident beam energy is 920 GeV, corresponding to
GeV in the proton-nucleon system. The ratios of differential
cross sections \rklpa and \rllpa are measured to be and , respectively, for \xf . No significant dependence upon the
target material is observed. Within errors, the slopes of the transverse
momentum distributions also show no significant
dependence upon the target material. The dependence of the extrapolated total
cross sections on the atomic mass of the target material is
discussed, and the deduced cross sections per nucleon are
compared with results obtained at other energies.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figures, 5 table
BIMBY’s first steps: a pilot study on the contribution of residential front-yards in Phoenix and Maastricht to biodiversity, ecosystem services and urban sustainability
In Silico Analysis of Bone Tension During Fixation of the Medial Malleolus Fracture After Ankle Joint Endoprosthesis
Preferred habitat of breeding birds may be compromised by climate change: unexpected effects of an exceptionally cold, wet spring
Previous studies of the consequences for breeding birds of climate change have explored how their populations may
respond to increasing temperatures. However, few have considered the likely outcome of predicted extreme
conditions and the relative vulnerability of populations in different habitats. Here, we compare phenology and
breeding success in great tits and blue tits over a 10 year period, including the extremely harsh conditions during
spring 2012, at three sites in eastern England – mixed deciduous woodland, riparian and urban habitat. Production,
measured as brood biomass, was significantly lower in 2012 compared with the previous 9 years, with the decrease
in productivity relatively greatest in woodland habitat. Production was related to hatch delay, i.e. birds not initiating incubation immediately after clutch completion, which was more common in 2012 than in previous years. The best predictor of hatch delay was daytime temperature (not nighttime minimum temperature) and rainfall, which
convincingly reflected low growth and activity of caterpillar prey. We found that birds breeding in riparian and urban habitats were less vulnerable to the extremes of weather than those breeding in mixed deciduous woodland
Risk-assessment and Coping Strategies Segregate with Divergent Intrinsic Aerobic Capacity in Rats
Metabolic function is integrally related to an individual's susceptibility to, and progression of, disease. Selective breeding for intrinsic treadmill running in rats has produced distinct lines of high- or low-capacity runners (HCR and LCR, respectively) that exhibit numerous physiological differences. To date, the role of intrinsic aerobic capacity on behavior and stress response in these rats has not been addressed and was the focus of these studies. HCR and LCR rats did not differ in their locomotor response to novelty or behavior in the light/dark box. In contrast, immobility in the forced swim test was higher in LCR rats compared with HCR rats, regardless of desipramine treatment. Although both HCR and LCR rats responded to cat odor with decreased exploration and increased risk assessment, HCR rats showed greater contextual conditioning to cat odor. HCR rats exhibited higher expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone in the central nucleus of the amygdala, as well as heavier adrenal and thymus weight. Corticosterone was comparable among HCR and LCR rats at light/dark transitions, and in response to unavoidable cat odor. HCR rats, however, exhibited a greater corticosterone response following the light/dark box. These experiments show that the LCR phenotype associates with decreased risk assessment in response to salient danger signals and passive coping. In contrast, HCR rats show a more naturalistic strategy in that they employ active coping and a more vigilant and cautious response to environmental novelty and salient danger signals. Within this context, we propose that intrinsic aerobic capacity is a central feature mechanistically linking complex metabolic disease and behavior