A clinical study of arrhythmias associated with acute coronary syndrome: a hospital based study of a high risk and previously undocumented population

Background: ACS represents a global epidemic. Arrhythmia in ACS is common. Careful investigation may lead to further improvement of prognosis. Retrospectively analyzed the year- round data of our center. Study was undertaken to analyze the incidence, frequency and type of arrhythmias in ACS. This is to aid timely intervention and to modify the outcome. Identification of the type of arrhythmia is of therapeutic and prognostic importance.Methods: This cross sectional analytical study was conducted in the Department of Cardiology, Apollo Hospitals Dhaka, from January 2019 to January 2020 with ACS patients. Enrolled consecutively and data analyzed.Results: There were 500 patients enrolled considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sample was subdivided into 3 groups on the type of ACS. Group-I with UA, Group-II with NSTE - ACS and Group-III with STE - ACS. Different types of arrhythmia noted. Types of arrhythmia were correlated with type of ACS. 500 patients included. Mean age 55.53±12.70, 71.6% male and 28.4% female. 60.4% hypertensive, 46.2% diabetic, 20.2% positive family history of CAD, 32.2% current smoker, 56.4% dyslipidaemic and 9.6% asthmatic. 31.2% UA, 39.2% NSTE-ACS and 29.6% STE-ACS. Type of arrhythmias noted. 22% sinus tachycardia, 20.2% sinus bradycardia, 9% atrial fibrillation, 5.2% ventricular ectopic, 4.8% supra ventricular ectopic, 2.8% bundle branch block, 2.2% atrio-ventricular block, 1% broad complex tachycardia, 0.4% narrow complex tachycardia, 0.2% sinus node dysfunction and 32.2% without any arrhythmia. Significant incidences of arrhythmia detected - respectively 29.8%, 39.2% and 31%, p<0.001.Conclusions: In conclusion, arrhythmias in ACS are common. More attention should be paid to improve their treatment and prognosis

Catalytic Extraction of Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) from Elaeis guineensis using Central Composite Design (CCD)

Cellulosic fiber extracted from a non-woody, monocotyledonous species of palm tree trunk (PTT) was hydrolyzed with different concentrations of FeCl3 in the presence of hydrochloric acid. The dissolution properties of the amorphous region of palm tree cellulosic fiber (PTC) can be enhanced in the presence of Fe3+ cations in acidic medium. The independent variables, including temperature (x1), time (x2), and concentration of metal chloride (FeCl3) catalyst (x3), were optimized using central composite design (CCD). Responses were measured in terms of percentage crystallinity (y1) and yield (y2) of the prepared hydrocellulose. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that temperature was the most influential factor for hydrolyzing the amorphous sections of cellulose. Under optimum conditions, the percentage crystallinity (y1) and yield (y2) were 68.66% and 83.98%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and X-ray diffraction techniques were used to obtain more information about the surface morphology and crystallinity of the prepared microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). Infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis were performed to observe the effect of hydrolysis on the finished products. It was concluded that the addition of FeCl3 salt in acid hydrolyzing medium can substantially increase the crystallinity of palm tree trunk cellulose with significant morphological changes to yield microcrystalline cellulose (MCC)

Influence of Carbonization Temperature on Physicochemical Properties of Biochar derived from Slow Pyrolysis of Durian Wood (Durio zibethinus) Sawdust

The objective of this study was to explore the influence of pyrolysis temperature on the physicochemical properties of biochar synthesized from durian wood (Durio zibethinus) sawdust. Surface morphological features, including the porosity and BET surface area of biochars, provide appropriate dimensions for growing clusters of microorganisms with excellent water retention capacity in soil. Oxygen-containing surface functional groups play a vital role in improving soil fertility by increasing its cation and anion exchange capacities with reduced leaching of nutrients from the soil surface. Biochar was produced via slow pyrolysis of woody biomass (WS) using a fixed bed reactor under an oxygen-free atmosphere at different pyrolysis temperatures (350, 450, and 550 °C). The biochars obtained were characterized using ultimate and proximate analyses, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The yield of biochar decreased from 66.46 to 24.56%, whereas the BET surface area increased sharply from 2.567 to 220.989 m2/g, when the pyrolysis temperature was increased from 350 to 550 °C. The results highlighted the effect of pyrolysis temperature on the structure of the biochar, which could be advantageous for agricultural industries

Removal of chromium (VI) from effluent by a magnetic bioadsorbent based on jute stick powder and its adsorption isotherm, kinetics and regeneration study

A novel magnetic bioadsorbent based on jute stick powder (MB-JSP) was synthesized with Fe2+ and Fe3+ solutions by in situ co-precipitation technique and applied for the elimination of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution. The adsorption capability of fresh jute stick powder (JSP) was also studied to compare with the magnetic bioadsorbent (MB-JSP). The characteristics of these bio-adsorbents were measured individually. The magnetic saturation of MB-JSP touched 14.25 emu/g which was sufficient for the separation of MB-JSP from aqueous solution. This magnetic bioadsorbent worked perfectly within a substantial pH range of 1-2. The Cr (VI) removal by MB-JSP was seamlessly supported by the Langmuir isotherm model (R-2 = 0.997-0.999) and pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R-2 = 0.994-0.995). The maximum capacity of Cr(VI) adsorption by MB-JSP and JSP were 47.125 and 30.422 mg/g, respectively at 303.15 K by Langmuir isotherm model. The regeneration experiment specified its merit of regeneration and firmness with the recovery efficiency of 90.17% and 80.23% for MB-JSP and JSP, respectively. It was observed by considering the results that the removal Cr(VI) ions was accomplished via the attraction between the opposite charges of different functional groups present on the adsorbents surface and ion exchange. Moreover, the process of removal was very effective and a rapid separation from aqueous solution was achieved

The Nexus of Banks’ Competition, Ownership Structure, and Economic Growth on Credit Risk and Financial Stability

The main object of this research is to find out the nexus of banks’ competition, ownership structure, and economic growth on credit risk and financial stability. In addition, it examines the level of financial stability, economic growth, and ownership structure in the Middle East and North African (MENA) economies. The generalized method of moments (GMM) method was used to examine this study. The study used an unbalanced panel dataset from 2011 to 2021 in MENA countries. This research demonstrates a negative relationship between economic growth, credit risk, and financial stability in MENA economies; nevertheless, it proves an insignificant effect among them. It also shows that the lower the level of bank competition, the lower the level of bank risk taking, and the better the level of financial stability. It further found that market competition and bank ownership structure had a homogenous effect on financial stability when looking at the impact of competition and bank ownership structure. In the long-term sense, the square term of competition is highly favorable with financial stability models ((Lerner square × Islamic banks), (Lerner square × commercial banks), (Lerner square × specialized government institutions)). However, financial stability improves with time, as seen by the competition square term bank ownership structure (a square measure of competition) with the Lerner index (LI) and the Herfindahl–Hirschman index total assets (HHIA). This finding of the square measure of competition is supported by competition stability theory. However, this study also proved that Islamic and commercial banks are less vulnerable to credit risk than specialized government institutions (SGI). This study scrutinized how MENA economies can remain stable through banking competition. This study builds a new brand of literature review. As a result, this research gives MENA policymakers better ideas for making policies that help the banking environment

The Nexus of Competition, Loan Quality, and Ownership Structure for Risk-Taking Behaviour

“The core purpose is to explore the relationship between competition, loan quality, ownership structure, and risk for MENA economies.” In addition, this study examines the financial stability level of dual banking and explores the bidirectional causality of competition and risk concerning the impact of ownership structure. This study uses 748 observations from 2011 to 2020 in MENA countries. The Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) is an econometric technique used to estimate the parameters of a statistical model. The study findings indicate a negative (positive) relationship between MENA bank competition and risk (financial stability). It indicates that lower bank competition reduces bank credit risk and increases financial stability in MENA countries. Regarding ownership structure, Islamic banks display a stronger position in MENA economies than that of Commercial banks and Specialized Government Institutions. In contrast, specialized government institutions are riskier than commercial banks and Islamic banks. Loan quality shows the two-way causality between the degree to which banks compete and the quality of their loans to customers in the MENA markets. This study sets itself apart from other studies by creating a new segmented literature review portion. Finally, a significant policy implication is provided for academics, researchers, and policymakers interested in applying these findings