Assessment of perceived parenting attitudes in childhood: Turkish form of the S-EMBU for children

Objective: EMBU-C (Egna Minnen Barndoms Uppfostran for Children) is among the most commonly used instruments for assessing perceived parental attitudes during the childhood period. This self-report instrument is used with adults to measure their perceptions of each of their parents' attitudes during their childhood in the dimensions of emotional warmth, overprotection, and rejection. The aim of the present study was to determine the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of EMBU-C, following a previous pilot study that supported its psychometric properties and its cross-cultural validity. Materials and Methods: EMBU-C, the Parental Bonding Instrument, Brief Symptom Inventory, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised Abbreviated, and General Self-Efficacy Scale were administered to 271 adults living in Bursa, Turkey. Explanatory factor analysis, Pearson's Product Moment Correlation Test and Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were used to evaluate the psychometric properties of EMBU-C. Results: The findings show that EMBU-C is reliable, and has concurrent, convergent, and criterion validity. Conclusion: EMBU-C is a reliable and valid instrument that can be used for research on perceived parental attitudes for different psychological constructs and in clinical practice