Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Photophysical Properties of Lanthanide Coordination Polymers of 4- 4-(9H-Carbazol-9-Yl)Butoxy Benzoate: The Effect of Bidentate Nitrogen Donors on Luminescence

A new aromatic carboxylate ligand, 4-[4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)butoxy]benzoic acid (HL), has been synthesized by the replacement of the hydroxyl hydrogen of 4-hydroxy benzoic acid with a 9-butyl-9H-carbazole moiety. The anion derived from HL has been used for the support of a series of lanthanide coordination compounds [Ln = Eu (1), Gd (2) and Tb (3)]. The new lanthanide complexes have been characterized by a variety of spectroscopic techniques. Complex 3 was structurally authenticated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and found to exist as a solvent-free 1D coordination polymer with the formula [Tb(L)(3)](n). The structural data reveal that the terbium atoms in compound 3 reside in an octahedral ligand environment that is somewhat unusual for a lanthanide. It is interesting to note that each carboxylate group exhibits only a bridging-bidentate mode, with a complete lack of more complex connectivities that are commonly observed for extended lanthanide-containing solid-state structures. Examination of the packing diagram for 3 revealed the existence of two-dimensional molecular arrays held together by means of CH-pi interactions. Aromatic carboxylates of the lanthanides are known to exhibit highly efficient luminescence, thus offering the promise of applicability as optical devices. However, due to difficulties that arise on account of their polymeric nature, their practical application is somewhat limited. Accordingly, synthetic routes to discrete molecular species are highly desirable. For this purpose, a series of ternary lanthanide complexes was designed, synthesized and characterized, namely [Eu(L)(3)(phen)] (4), [Eu(L)(3)(tmphen)] (5), [Tb(L)(3)(phen)] (6) and [Tb(L)(3)(tmphen)] (7) (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline and tmphen = 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline). The photophysical properties of the foregoing complexes in the solid state at room temperature have been investigated. The quantum yields of the ternary complexes 4 (9.65%), 5 (21.00%), 6 (14.07%) and 7 (32.42%), were found to be significantly enhanced in the presence of bidentate nitrogen donors when compared with those of the corresponding binary compounds 1 (0.11%) and 3 (1.45%). Presumably this is due to effective energy transfer from the ancillary ligands.Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-TAPSUN Project) SSL, NWP-55CSIR, New DelhiRobert A. Welch Foundation F-0003Chemistr

MICROANGIOGRAM VIDEO COMPRESSION USING ADAPTIVE PREDICTION

Coronary angiography is an X-ray examination of the heart\u27s arteries. This is an essential technique for diagnosis of heart damages. Image sequences from digital angiography contain areas of high diagnostic interest. Loss of information due to compression for regions of interest (ROI) in angiograms is not tolerable. Since Commercially available technology such as JPEG and MPEG do not satisfy medical requirements due to their severe blockartifacts. In this paper, a new compression algorithm that achieves high compression ratio and excellent reconstruction quality for video rate or sub-video rate angiograms is developed. The proposed algorithm exploits temporal spatial and spectral redundancies in backward adaptive fashion with Extremely low side information. An experimental result shows that the proposed scheme provides significant improvements in compression efficiencies

Assessing the Impact of Religions and Castes on Population Fertility in an EAG District of India

Culture and subculture have given an imprint on social and economic development. Alongside, it has an impact on different aspects of social change and the extent of modernisation in a region. The present study investigates the role of religion and caste in determining the fertility and the causes responsible for religious and caste fertility differential in Sagar district. This district is geographically located in the state of Madhya Pradesh.  To examine the contribution of religion and caste on a change in fertility in temporal scale, both primary and secondary data have been collected and were used for the analysis of the results of this study. The primary data, which was collected through a field survey, were conducted in the study area, and the secondary data were obtained from the Census of India (1981-2011). In order to receive more accurate results, statistical techniques—Multiple Classification Analysis, Logistic Regression Analysis and Decomposition Analysis have been applied. To find out the role of individual socioeconomic characteristics on religious fertility, Multiple classification analysis technique has been used in this study and Logistic regression analysis was applied to probe the likelihood of contraception adoption by the various socioeconomic backgrounds, while, Decomposition analysis has been conducted to probe the religious and caste composition change on temporal scale fertility change. The findings demonstrate that the Muslim and Scheduled population (Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes) have very high fertility than that of the other segments of society. Moreover, the inclination of fertility transition (from high to low) among other religions (Christians, Sikh and Jain) begins earlier than that of the Hindus, Muslims and Scheduled population. As per the decomposition analysis, the share of Hindu population was more prominent in reducing the fertility which gradually decreased from the decade 1981-91 to 2001-11, while the share of the schedule population and others religions have dramatically decreased during the period.  On the other hand, the role of scheduled population and Muslim community has phenomenally increased for changing fertility behaviour. The analysis of the study suggests that education and adequate employment opportunities have reduced the role of religion and caste on fertility in the study area. &nbsp

Carer Supports in Reading-Writing for Children with Learning Difficulties: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Pilot Survey

When carers are involved in the reading-writing activities of their children at home, their academic performance shows improvement. In this study, a descriptive exploratory survey research design is used to evaluate the nature, type, length, quality, quantity, extensity, and intensity of such carer supports. Following a six-step tool development process, including a review of the relevant tools, and expert validation, an investigator-designed 10-item unstructured questionnaire was administered through open-ended interviews with a random sample of 143 carers of 120 students (comprised of 60 boys and 60 girls in the age group of 6-15 years) suspected of academic difficulties. The derived data in the form of yes/no responses and descriptive narrations by carers was recorded, content-analyzed, coded, scored, and collaboratively evaluated as frequency counts, percentages, and inferential non-parametric statistics. The results were analysed for key parameters like (i) place of study; (ii) time of study; (iii) study materials; (iv) initiation to study; (v) availability of support; (vi) timetable or curriculum; (vii) supervision; (viii) extracurricular activities; (ix) gadget use; and, (x) future goals. The findings are profiled, discussed, and highlighted along with recommended remedies in light of their implications or utility for reading-writing in such affected children. Keywords: Parents, home settings, study habits, gadget use DOI: 10.7176/JEP/14-24-05 Publication date:August 31st 202

Physical layer impairments based optical routing

In optical networks, physical layer impairments (PLIs) incurred by non-ideal optical transmission media, accumulates along the optical path. The overall effect of PLIs determines the feasibility of the light-paths. It is important to understand the process that provide PLI information to the central manager and use this information efficiently to compute feasible routes and wavelengths. Based on the PLI impairments like fiber attenuation, chromatic dispersion ,cross talk, amplifier spontaneous noise and polarization mode dispersion, which reflects the Quality of service, factors (Q-Factor); In this project we worked about both linear and non linear physical layer impairments and calculated parameters like power loss , channel capacity and Quality factor of all possible paths. From that we proposed centralized PLI based routing algorithm is proposed for the selection of data-paths

Complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Mn(II) & U(VI) with Benzilic, ɑ-Phenyllactic & Mandelic Acids

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Chemical Characterisation of Bulk and Melt-spun Ribbons of NiMnIn alloy using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry

Method development for the analysis of NiMnIn, a new magnetocaloric effect (MCE) material using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICPOES) is discussed. Spectral interference of Ni and Mn on the analysis of In were studied. The process of method validation was carried out using various analytical techniques like conventional wet chemical techniques and instrumental techniques such as atomic absorption spectrometry. All the techniques show a close agreement in values, thus this method could be applied for regular analysis of NiMnIn alloys. A comparative chemical analysis of bulk and melt-spun ribbons of this alloy is also discussed.Defence Science Journal, 2011, 61(3), pp.270-274, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.61.39

METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE ESTIMATION OF ENTECAVIR IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS BY RP-HPLC

Objective: The objective and purpose of the analysis have sensibly assessed by selecting of a rapid and sensitive RP-HPLC method for Entecavir in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form by using the most commonly employed C-18column with UV detection.Methods: In estimation by RP-HPLC method Agilent 1120 compact LC system with variable programmable UV detector and Rheodyne injector with 20 µl fixed loop was used for the chromatographic separation. The mode of operation was isocratic with the components of a solution consisting of methanol: acetonitrile(70:30v/v) and triethanolamine (2-4drops)at the flow rate of 1.2 ml/min and run time was 10 min. Forced degradation studies were conducted to evaluate the stability and specificity of the method along with the validation parameters.Results: Validation parameters of HPLC were found at a detection wavelength of 255 nm. Linearity was observed with the concentration range (Beer's law range) 20-100µg/ml with R2=0.9991. Robustness with detection wavelengths 253 and 257 nm with a flow rate of 1 ml/min and 1.4 ml/min showed good results. The retention time of the drug was 2.64 min and assay showed 98.1%.Conclusion: The proposed RP-HPLC method was validated as per the ICH Q2B Guidelines, and was found to be applicable for routine quantitative analysis of Entecavir by RP-HPLC using UV detector in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The results of linearity, precision, accuracy and specificity, were proved, that does not exceed certain specified limits. The method provides selective quantification with no interference from other formulation excipients. The proposed method was highly sensitive, reproducible, reliable, robust and specific. Therefore, this method is a simple, rapid analysis may actually be more desirable than a more complicated and time-consuming process. The degradation studies at various stress conditions like thermal and hydrolytic, drug gets degraded at a temperature of 80 °c and refluxing with water at 70 °c for 24hours.Â