ASSESSMENT OF PHARMACIST MEDIATED EDUCATION ON KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS IN SOUTH INDIAN RURAL POPULATION

Objective: To assess the influence of pharmacist mediated education on knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) in rural patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methodology: This is a prospective, randomized interventional study approved by the institutional ethics committee. Eligible type 2 diabetic patients with written informed consent were enrolled and randomized into control and test group. Validated and local language translated KAP questionnaire was administered to all patients at baseline and three subsequent follow-ups. Patients in the test group received structured education at every follow up whereas the control group patients received education only at the final follow up. SPSS software was used to evaluate the data.Results: Among the 72 patients enrolled, 35 were randomized into control group and 37 into test group. Majority of the study patients (65.2%) were males with an age range of 30 to 72 years and were from agricultural profession (34.72%) with school education (59.7%). The mean Body mass index (BMI) of the study patients was 25.01. At baseline, the mean glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) value of patients was 6.48±1.39% in the control group and 6.23±1.16% in the test group. During the last follow-up, a significant (p<0.05) improvement was observed in KAP scores in test group patients compared to control group patients which were supported by statistically significant (p<0.05) improvement in Capillary blood glucose (CBG) values.Conclusion: Pharmacist mediated structured education has shown a positive impact on Knowledge Attitude and Practices of test group patients towards their disease management.Keywords: Diabetes, Therapeutic Outcome, Knowledge Attitude & Practice

ASSESSMENT OF PHARMACIST MEDIATED EDUCATION ON MEDICATION ADHERENCE BEHAVIOR IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS IN SOUTH INDIAN RURAL POPULATION

Objective: To assess the influence of pharmacist mediated education on medication adherence behavior (MMAS-8) in rural patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: This is a prospective, randomized interventional study approved by the institutional ethics committee. Eligible type 2 diabetic patients with written informed consent were enrolled and randomized into control and test group. The MMAS-8 questionnaire was administered to all patients at baseline and three subsequent follow-ups. Patients in the test group received structured education at every follow-up, whereas the control group patients received education only at the final follow up. SPSS software was used to evaluate the data.Results: Among the 72 patients enrolled, 35 were randomized into a control group and 37 into the test group. Majority of the study patients (65.2%) were males with an age range of 30 to 72 y and were from agriculture profession (34.72%) with school education (59.7%). The mean body mass index (BMI) of the study patients was 25.01. At baseline, the mean glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) value of patients was 6.48±1.39% in the control group and 6.23±1.16% in the test group. During the last follow-up, a significant (p<0.05) improvement was observed in MMAS-8 scores in test group patients compared to control group patients which were supported by statistically significant (p<0.05) improvement in capillary blood glucose (CBG) values.Conclusion: Pharmacist mediated structured education has shown a positive impact on medication adherence behavior of test group patients towards their disease management

Dynamics of Polymyxa graminis and Indian peanut clump virus (IPCV) infection on various monocotyledonous crops and groundnut during the rainy season

The progress of Indian peanut clump virus (Hyderabad isolate; IPCV-H) and its vector Polymyxa graminis in various monocotyledonous crops and groundnut was studied during the 1994, 1995 and 1996 rainy seasons in a naturally infested field in India. The roles of rainfall and temperature in the dynamics of infection by both the virus and its vector were analysed by exposing young seedlings for short periods in the field. Of the host crops studied, wheat, followed by barley, showed the highest virus incidence, although P. graminis was rarely observed in roots of wheat and was not detected in those of barley. The roots of maize, pearl millet and sorghum plants infected by P. graminis showed intense colonization by sporosori. IPCV accumulated in systemically infected maize plants; the sorghum and pearl millet cultivars studied showed a transient presence of IPCV-H. Rice was seldom infected by the virus and P. graminis was not detected in its roots. Groundnut was a systemic host for the virus, although during these experiments no P. graminis was found in its roots. Groundnut appeared to be susceptible to infection, mostly in the early stages of crop development, and the rate of IPCV-H transmission in groundnut seeds was highest (13%) for plants infected when young. The seed-transmission rate quickly decreased in plants showing symptoms 1 month after sowing. Time of infection had little influence on groundnut pod yield, which was always reduced by >60% in infected plants. There was some evidence that the quantity and distribution of rainfall influenced the incidences of IPCV-H and P. graminis: high rainfall resulted in high incidences of the virus and P. graminis, and a weekly rainfall of 14 mm was sufficient for P. graminis to initiate infection. Temperatures prevailing during the rainy season ranged from 23 to 30degreesC and were found to be conducive to natural virus transmission. These results suggest measures to be explored for controlling peanut clump disease