Improving teaching on an inpatient pediatrics service: a retrospective analysis of a program change

Background: The traditional role of the faculty inpatient attending providing clinical care and effectively teaching residents and medical students is threatened by increasing documentation requirements, pressures to increase clinical productivity, and insufficient funding available for medical education. In order to sustain and improve clinical education on a general pediatric inpatient service, we instituted a comprehensive program change. Our program consisted of creating detailed job descriptions, setting clear expectations, and providing salary support for faculty inpatient attending physicians serving in clinical and educational roles. This study was aimed at assessing the impact of this program change on the learners’ perceptions of their faculty attending physicians and learners’ experiences on the inpatient rotations. Methods: We analyzed resident and medical student electronic evaluations of both clinical and teaching faculty attending physician characteristics, as well as resident evaluations of an inpatient rotation experience. We compared the proportions of “superior” ratings versus all other ratings prior to the educational intervention (2005–2006, baseline) with the two subsequent years post intervention (2006–2007, year 1; 2007–2008, year 2). We also compared medical student scores on a comprehensive National Board of Medical Examiners clinical subject examination pre and post intervention. Results: When compared to the baseline year, pediatric residents were more likely to rate as superior the quality of didactic teaching (OR=1.7 [1.0-2.8] year 1; OR=2.0 [1.1-3.5] year 2) and attendings’ appeal as a role model (OR=1.9 [1.1-3.3] year 2). Residents were also more likely to rate as superior the quality of feedback and evaluation they received from the attending (OR=2.1 [1.2-3.7] year 1; OR=3.9 [2.2-7.1] year 2). Similar improvements were also noted in medical student evaluations of faculty attendings. Most notably, medical students were significantly more likely to rate feedback on their data gathering and physical examination skills as superior (OR=4.2 [2.0-8.6] year 1; OR=6.4 [3.0-13.6] year 2). Conclusions: A comprehensive program which includes clear role descriptions along with faculty expectations, as well as salary support for faculty in clinical and educational roles, can improve resident and medical student experiences on a general pediatric inpatient service. The authors provide sufficient detail to replicate this program to other settings.JH Libraries Open Access Promotion Fun

A northward spread in the breeding distribution of the New Zealand sea lion <em>Phocarctos hookeri</em>

Szakdolgozatomban az amerikai környezettudatosság megszületésének és fejlődésének kezdetét mutatom be. Leírom a folyamat fontosabb mérföldköveit; azokat a politikai lépéseket, melyeket a mozgalom atyjának tekinthető Richard M. Nixon tett a siker érdekében. Részletesen tárgyalom azokat az irodalmi műveket, politikai és gazdasági testületeket valamint szennyezési formákat, amelyek szerepet játszottak (sőt játszanak még ma is) a természet és környezetünk megóvásáért folytatott harcban. Végül említésre kerülnek olyan a mai modern világra is kiterjedő témák, mint az olaj és energia krízis kérdése illetve a nemzetközi összefogás és közös programok fontossága.BSc/BAAnglisztikaB