Systematic studies on the Holothuroidea of the New Zealand region

A systematic account of the holothurians of the New Zealand region is given, together with diagnoses of orders, families, sub-families, genera and species. The report is based on a total of 970 specimens, which comprise 18 genera, including Mensamariella n.g., and 25 species, including Protankyra rigida, Chiridota alleni, Chiridota mortenseni, Neothyonidium armatum, and Trachythyone squamata, spp.nov. Genera and species known in the fauna, but not encountered during the course of the present study, are diagnosed, and their systematic positions and distribution patterns are briefly considered. The distribution of known holothurians within the New Zealand region is discussed, as also are the external relationships and ultimate derivation of the group. The taxonomic state of the Class as a whole is indicated, and comments are made on the reliability of systematic characters within each group, together with some suggestions for modification and possible improvement of the present-day situation

15 aastat teadusuuringuid Eesti-Rootsi Vaimse Tervise ja Suitsidoloogia Instituudis: ülevaade tulemustest

Eesti-Rootsi Vaimse Tervise ja Suitsidoloogia Instituut (ERSI) on oma 15 tegevusaasta jooksul käsitlenud suitsidaalset käitumist nii üldkogumi kui ka indiviidi tasandil koostöös suitsidaalse käitumise uurijatega Karolinska Instituudist (NASP) ning erinevatest maadest WHO ja Euroopa Komisjoni projektide raames. Viimastel aastatel on teadusuuringud laienenud vaimsele tervisele tervikuna. Artiklis on antud lühiülevaade ERSI teadusuuringute tulemustest valitud viidetega. Kogumikus “ERSI Essential Papers on Suicidology” (1) on saadaval 26 ISI Web of Science’is ja Current Content’is ära toodud, 7 rahvusvaheliselt retsenseeritavates teadusžurnaalides publitseeritud teadusartiklite täisteksti ja 9 rahvusvahelise kõlapinnaga kirjastustes välja antud raamatute peatükki. Kogumikus on loeteluna esitatud 9 nimetatud kategooria ajakirjadesse vastu võetud ning 17 eesti- ja muukeelset artiklit. Eesti Arst 2008; 87(7−8):535−53

Suitsidaalsus ühiskonnas ja suitsiidikatse sooritamist prognoosivad tegurid

Artikli eesmärgiks on selgitada välja suitsidaalsuse levik ühiskonnas ning analüüsida suitsiidikatse sooritamise riskitegureid. Töös kasutati WHO ülemaailmse uuringu SUPRE-MISS raames kogutud andmeid. Uuring koosnes kahest osast: vähemalt 15aastaste suitsiidikatse sooritanute uuring Põhja-Eesti Regionaalhaigla Mustamäe korpuses ja Tallinna psühhiaatriakliinikus ning ühiskonna uuring (kontrollrühm) Tallinna piirkonnas juhuvaliku põhjal erinevate perearstide nimistutesse kantud isikutest. Tallinna ühiskonna uuringust selgus, et rohkem kui iga kümnes uuritav oli oma senise elu jooksul mõelnud enesetapu sooritamisele ning suitsiidikatseid on suurema tõenäosusega sooritanud need, kes on varem suitsiidile mõelnud ja/või seda planeerinud. Suitsiidikatse sooritamist prognoosivate teguritena tulid esile naissugu, vanus alla 30 eluaasta, kooselu puudumine, töö puudumine ning varasemad suitsiidikatsed. Eesti Arst 2004; 83 (11): 744–74

Alkoholi ja narkootikumide tarbimisharjumused prognoosivad suitsiidi

Uuringus võrreldi suitsidentide joobnustavate ainete tarbimisharjumusi kontrollrühmaga lähtuvalt soost, vanusest ja rahvusest. Uuringu tulemused näitasid, et Eesti suitsidentide hulgas olid 59,8% alkoholisõltlased ja kuritarvitajad ning 5,3% narkootikumide kuritarvitajad. Suitsidentidel oli oluliselt suurem risk olla alkoholisõltlane ja narkootikumide kuritarvitaja võrreldes kontrollrühmaga

A global systematic review of the effects of suicide prevention interventions in Indigenous Peoples.

Objective Suicide rates are often higher in Indigenous than in non-Indigenous peoples. This systematic review assessed the effects of suicide prevention interventions on suicide-related outcomes in Indigenous populations worldwide. Methods We searched CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses and Web of Science from database inception to April 2020. Eligible were English language, empirical and peer-reviewed studies presenting original data assessing the primary outcomes of suicides and suicide attempts and secondary outcomes of suicidal ideation, intentional self-harm, suicide or intentional self-harm risk, composite measures of suicidality or reasons for life in experimental and quasi-experimental interventions with Indigenous populations worldwide. We assessed the risk of bias with the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and the Risk of Bias Assessment for Non-randomised Studies. Findings We included 24 studies from Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the USA, comprising 14 before-after studies, 4 randomised controlled trials (RCTs), 3 non-randomised controlled trials, 2 interrupted time-series designs and 1 cohort study. Suicides decreased in four and suicide attempts in six before-after studies. No studies had a low risk of bias. There was insufficient evidence to confirm the effectiveness of any one suicide prevention intervention due to shortage of studies, risk of bias, and population and intervention heterogeneity. Review limitations include language bias, no grey literature search and data availability bias. Conclusion For the primary outcomes of suicides and suicide attempts, the limited available evidence supports multilevel, multicomponent interventions. However, there are limited RCTs and controlled studies

Depressiivsete ja suitsidaalsete kooliõpilaste seksuaalkäitumine

Artiklis on kirjeldatud ja analüüsitud Eesti õpilaste enesehinnangulist depressiivsust ja suitsidaalsust, seksuaalkäitumist ning depressiivsuse-suitsidaalsuse ja seksuaalkäitumise seost. Uurimuses kasutati kooliealiste laste tervisekäitumise rahvusvahelise uuringu andmeid 7. ja 9. klassi õpilaste kohta. Anonüümsest ankeetküsitlusest selgus, et 39% vastanutest väljendas depressiivsust ja/või suitsidaalsust; seksuaalkogemuse oli omandanud 15% õpilastest – 17% poistest ja 13% tütarlastest. Seotuks osutus ka seksuaalkäitumine ja subjektiivne depressiivsus-suitsidaalsus: suitsidaalsed ja/või depressiivsed õpilased olid suurema tõenäosusega alustanud seksuaalelu ning kasutanud viimasel vahekorral väiksema tõenäosusega kondoomi. Eesti Arst 2009; 88(3):156−16

Consumer perspectives on the use of Artificial Intelligence technology and automation in crisis support services: Mixed methods study

BACKGROUND: Emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), have the potential to enhance service responsiveness and quality, improve reach to underserved groups, and help address the lack of workforce capacity in health and mental health care. However, little research has been conducted on the acceptability of AI, particularly in mental health and crisis support, and how this may inform the development of responsible and responsive innovation in the area. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the level of support for the use of technology and automation, such as AI, in Lifeline’s crisis support services in Australia; the likelihood of service use if technology and automation were implemented; the impact of demographic characteristics on the level of support and likelihood of service use; and reasons for not using Lifeline’s crisis support services if technology and automation were implemented in the future. METHODS: A mixed methods study involving a computer-assisted telephone interview and a web-based survey was undertaken from 2019 to 2020 to explore expectations and anticipated outcomes of Lifeline’s crisis support services in a nationally representative community sample (n=1300) and a Lifeline help-seeker sample (n=553). Participants were aged between 18 and 93 years. Quantitative descriptive analysis, binary logistic regression models, and qualitative thematic analysis were conducted to address the research objectives. RESULTS: One-third of the community and help-seeker participants did not support the collection of information about service users through technology and automation (ie, via AI), and approximately half of the participants reported that they would be less likely to use the service if automation was introduced. Significant demographic differences were observed between the community and help-seeker samples. Of the demographics, only older age predicted being less likely to endorse technology and automation to tailor Lifeline’s crisis support service and use such services (odds ratio 1.48-1.66, 99% CI 1.03-2.38; P<.001 to P=.005). The most common reason for reluctance, reported by both samples, was that respondents wanted to speak to a real person, assuming that human counselors would be replaced by automated robots or machine services. CONCLUSIONS: Although Lifeline plans to always have a real person providing crisis support, help-seekers automatically fear this will not be the case if new technology and automation such as AI are introduced. Consequently, incorporating innovative use of technology to improve help-seeker outcomes in such services will require careful messaging and assurance that the human connection will continue

Suicidal thoughts and depressive feelings amongst Estonian schoolchildren: effect of family relationship and family structure

Depressive feelings and suicidal ideation in a non-clinical sample of adolescents in Estonia were analysed in the context of family structure, mutual relationships amongst family members and schoolchildren's preferences regarding intimate personal contacts with particular family members. Data from the WHO collaborative study 'Health Behaviour in School-aged Children 2005/2006' (HBSC) were used. A representative sample of schoolchildren aged 11, 13 and 15 years completed the semi-structured questionnaire. The analyses included only adolescents living in households with at least one birth parent. The subjects were 4,389 schoolchildren (2,178 boys and 2,211 girls), who were divided into three groups based on: (1) suicidal thoughts, with or without depressive feelings; (2) depressive feelings; and (3) neither suicidal thoughts nor depressive feelings. Multinomial logistic regression was used. The proportion of depressive feelings increased with age for both boys and girls. Girls expressed depressive feelings more frequently than boys from ages 13 and 15 years, and suicidal thoughts from age 15 years. Self-reported satisfaction with relationships in the family reduced the likelihood of depressive feelings and suicidal thoughts. Good communication with the parents reduced the likelihood of suicidal thoughts in all age groups. Adolescents who were satisfied with their family relationships suffered less frequently from depressive feelings and suicidal thoughts. The best environment for an adolescent was a family with both birth parents. Of the adolescents in 'non-intact' families, those with a step-parent in the family showed suicidal thoughts more frequently than those in single-parent families. Associations between family-related variables and suicidal thoughts were significant even after adjusting for family economic deprivation score

Implementation and evaluation of a multi-level mental health promotion intervention for the workplace (MENTUPP): study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial

Background Well-organised and managed workplaces can be a source of wellbeing. The construction, healthcare and information and communication technology sectors are characterised by work-related stressors (e.g. high workloads, tight deadlines) which are associated with poorer mental health and wellbeing. The MENTUPP intervention is a flexibly delivered, multi-level approach to supporting small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in creating mentally healthy workplaces. The online intervention is tailored to each sector and designed to support employees and leaders dealing with mental health difficulties (e.g. stress), clinical level anxiety and depression, and combatting mental health-related stigma. This paper presents the protocol for the cluster randomised controlled trial (cRCT) of the MENTUPP intervention in eight European countries and Australia. Methods Each intervention country will aim to recruit at least two SMEs in each of the three sectors. The design of the cRCT is based on the experiences of a pilot study and guided by a Theory of Change process that describes how the intervention is assumed to work. SMEs will be randomly assigned to the intervention or control conditions. The aim of the cRCT is to assess whether the MENTUPP intervention is effective in improving mental health and wellbeing (primary outcome) and reducing stigma, depression and suicidal behaviour (secondary outcome) in employees. The study will also involve a process and economic evaluation. Conclusions At present, there is no known multi-level, tailored, flexible and accessible workplace-based intervention for the prevention of non-clinical and clinical symptoms of depression, anxiety and burnout, and the promotion of mental wellbeing. The results of this study will provide a comprehensive overview of the implementation and effectiveness of such an intervention in a variety of contexts, languages and cultures leading to the overall goal of delivering an evidence-based intervention for mental health in the workplace