Quality Characteristics of Guava (Psidiumguajava L. Ev. Kampuchea) in Response to Hydrocooling Time, Storage Temperature and Storage Duration

The effects of cooling time, storage temperature and storage duration on the guava cv. Kampuchea were determined. Freshly harvested mature-green guava were precooled at 1/8, 1/4 and 112 cooling time using a modified hydrocooler and stored at 5, 10 and 15°C for 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 weeks. Sample zero cooling time (control treatment) was only washed with distilled water (26.0±1.0°C) for about one minute before storage. Only fruits which are well-formed, uniformed-size (350±50 g) and free from blemishes were selected for the experiment. The experimental design carried out RCBD with a factorial arrangement of treatments (4 cooling times x 3 storage temperatures x 6 duration of storage) with three replications, and two fruits for each replication. The results indicated that cooling time only effected the browning but it did not significantly effect the visual appearance, skin colour, weight loss, soluble solids concentration, titratable acidity, pH level and vitamin C. Precooled fruit at 118 had a lower incidence of browning compared to non-precooled and precooled at 114 and 1 12. Significant cooling time x storage temperature interaction only affected water loss. Weight loss was lower when fruits were precooled compared to when they are non-precooled and stored at 15 0c. Treatment combination of storage temperature x storage duration were found to have significant effects on the visual appearance, skin colour, weight loss and soluble solids concentration. However, the treatment did not significantly effect browning, titratable acidity, pH level and vitamin C. Storage temperature of 10 °C showed beneficial effect in the decrease of the loss of visual appearance, delayed changes on the skin colour, gave the lowest weight loss, and the lowest changes of soluble solids concentration. Acceptable visual appearance of the fruit stored at 10°C was up to 3.6 weeks compared to only 1.6 and 1.3 weeks for the fruit stored at 5 and 15°C, respectively. The limit of acceptable L*, C* and hO changes in this study were 65.33±3.3, 43.0±0.5 and I 13 . 83±2.5, respectively and this colour space values corresponded to pale green fruit. The permissible water loss of 6% which equilibrium to the limit of acceptable visual appearance in fruit stored at 10°C was prolonged to 3.5 weeks compared to only 1.4 and 0.8 weeks in the fruit stored at 5 and 15°C, respectively. Maximum accumulation of soluble solids concentration in fruit stored at 10°C was found lowest at only 5.43% compared to 6.43% on both fruit stored at 5 and 15°C. In addition, respective to the temperature treatments the fruit stored at 10°C was found to have the lowest incident on browning compared to those stored at 5°C while the fruit stored at 15°C were ripening, developing senescence, shrivelling and freckles. Results of this research can be used by guava producers in deciding the time level for their precooling and temperature setting for their cold room

Relationship between precooling, storage temperature and storage duration to the quality characteristics of guava (Psidium guajava cv. Kampuchea)

The effects of cooling time, storage temperature and storage duration on the guava cv. Kampuchea were determined. The experimental design carried out was RCBD with a factorial arrangement of treatments (4 cooling times x 3 storage temperatures x 6 duration of storage) and three replications with two fruits per each replication. The results indicated that cooling time only effected the browning but it did not significantly effect the visual appearance, skin colour, weight loss and soluble solids concentration. Treatment combinations of storage temperature and storage duration were found to have significant effects on the visual appearance, skin colour, weight loss and soluble solids concentration. However, the treatment did not significantly effect browning. Storage temperature of 10°C resulted slow loss of visual appearance, delayed changes on the skin colour, lowest weight loss, and the lowest changes in soluble solids concentration of fruit. Acceptable visual appearance of the fruit stored at 10°C was up to 3.6 weeks compared to only 1.6 and 1.3 weeks for the fruit stored at 5 and 15oC, respectively. The limit of acceptable L*, C* and ho changes in this study were 65.33 +3.3, 43.0 +0.5 and 113.83 +2.5, respectively and this colour space values corresponded to pale green fruit. In addition, the fruit stored at 10°C were found to have lowest incident of browning compared to those stored at 5°C, while the fruit stored at 15°C were ripened, developed senescence, shrivelled and freckled. Results of this research can be used by guava producers in deciding the time level for their precooling and temperature setting for their cold room

Dairy cattle management: survey on dairy cattle lactation trend in Sabah

A survey was conducted to obtain information on Sabah dairy cattle lactation length and lactation yield to identify the lactation trend. In the study, 18 farms with 2 types of husbandry practice namely feedlot and grazing were visited. Dairy livestock has became established part of the livestock industry with Friesian-Sahiwal crossbreed, imported from Australia and New Zealand with heredity of 62.5% Friesian 37.5% Sahiwal and 50% Friesian 50% Sahiwal respectively.Local born cattle are referred as Sabah Sahiwal Friesian (SSF). All the cows are milked twice a day. From the results obtained, the average lactation of dairy cow is around 6 liters to 12 liters per day with mean of 8.6 liters per day if there is no lactation failure. The mean for cow milked per lactation is 278 days of length and the mean for total milk yield per lactation is 2489 liters. Incidence of lactation failure happens in certain farm that had just received new imported cows, or happens in individual cow in the herd of lactating cows. The information of the survey has been obtained from selected farmers. Therefore the reliability of the data on certain aspects of dairy livestock was based on experience of farmers who provide the information.dairy cattle, Friesian-Sahiwal, lactation length, lactation yield

Dairy cattle management: survey on dairy cattle lactation trend in Sabah

A survey was conducted to obtain information on Sabah dairy cattle lactation length and lactation yield to identify the lactation trend. In the study, 18 farms with 2 types of husbandry practice namely feedlot and grazing were visited. Dairy livestock has became established part of the livestock industry with Friesian Sahiwal crossbreed, imported from Australia and New Zealand with heredity of 62.5% Friesian 37.5% Sahiwal and 50% Friesian 50% Sahiwal respectively. Local born cattle are referred as Sabah Sahiwal Friesian (SSF). All the cows are milked twice a day. From the results obtained, the average lactation of dairy cow is around 6 liters to 12 liters per day with mean of 8.6 liters per day if there is no lactation failure. The mean for cow milked per lactation is 278 days of length and the mean for total milk yield per lactation is 2489 liters. Incidence of lactation failure happens in certain farm that had just received new imported cows, or happens in individual cow in the herd of lactating cows. The information of the survey has been obtained from selected farmers. Therefore the reliability of the data on certain aspects of dairy livestock was based on experience of farmers who provide the information

Yield and physicochemical properties of mechanically exytacted crude jatropha curcas L. oil

Knowledge on physical properties and their dependence on moisture content of Jatropha curcas L seeds are essential to improve the design of equipment for harvesting, processing and storage of the seeds. The objective of this experiment is to find the effect of mechanical extraction method to the physicochemical properties of the extracted oil. The result is expected to be valuable as basic data for designing the equipments and process related to the extraction of oil from the seed of Jatropha. The oil extraction was performed using a specially designed laboratory scale mechanical extractor, and the yield was calibrated with soxhlet apparatus using hexane as the solvent to obtain its extraction efficiency. The experiment was conducted in factorial arrangement, with four types of sample (seeds,kernel, crushed seeds, and crushed kernel), four extraction temperature (ambient, 50 C, 60 C and 80 C), and three preheating time (600 s, 1200 s, and 2400 s), and analyzed with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results show that crushing the kernel of Jatropha before extracting the oil mechanically will give higher oil yield and higher extraction efficiency. Higher temperature and longer preheating time also increase the oil yield. However, the maximum applicable temperature for mechanical extraction is 60 C, since the viscosity and free fatty acid content of the extracted oil will increase if the extraction temperature increased above the temperature

Dairy cattle management: survey on dairy cattle lactation trend in Sabah

A survey was conducted to obtain information on Sabah dairy cattle lactation length and lactation yield to identify the lactation trend. In the study, 18 farms with 2 types of husbandry practice namely feedlot and grazing were visited. Dairy livestock has became established part of the livestock industry with Friesian-Sahiwal crossbreed, imported from Australia and New Zealand with heredity of 62.5% Friesian 37.5% Sahiwal and 50% Friesian 50% Sahiwal respectively.Local born cattle are referred as Sabah Sahiwal Friesian (SSF). All the cows are milked twice a day. From the results obtained, the average lactation of dairy cow is around 6 liters to 12 liters per day with mean of 8.6 liters per day if there is no lactation failure. The mean for cow milked per lactation is 278 days of length and the mean for total milk yield per lactation is 2489 liters. Incidence of lactation failure happens in certain farm that had just received new imported cows, or happens in individual cow in the herd of lactating cows. The information of the survey has been obtained from selected farmers. Therefore the reliability of the data on certain aspects of dairy livestock was based on experience of farmers who provide the information

Dairy cattle management: survey on dairy cattle lactation trend in Sabah

A survey was conducted to obtain information on Sabah dairy cattle lactation length and lactation yield to identify the lactation trend. In the study, 18 farms with 2 types of husbandry practice namely feedlot and grazing were visited. Dairy livestock has became established part of the livestock industry with Friesian-Sahiwal crossbreed, imported from Australia and New Zealand with heredity of 62.5% Friesian 37.5% Sahiwal and 50% Friesian 50% Sahiwal respectively.Local born cattle are referred as Sabah Sahiwal Friesian (SSF). All the cows are milked twice a day. From the results obtained, the average lactation of dairy cow is around 6 liters to 12 liters per day with mean of 8.6 liters per day if there is no lactation failure. The mean for cow milked per lactation is 278 days of length and the mean for total milk yield per lactation is 2489 liters. Incidence of lactation failure happens in certain farm that had just received new imported cows, or happens in individual cow in the herd of lactating cows. The information of the survey has been obtained from selected farmers. Therefore the reliability of the data on certain aspects of dairy livestock was based on experience of farmers who provide the information

The effect of hydro cooling time, storage temperature and storage duration on Saba banana

This study was conducted in Postharvest Lab of Faculty Sustainable Agriculture. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of hydro cooling time, storage temperature and storage duration on Saba banana. The hypothesis that has been tested in this experiment was there a significant difference in the effect of hydro cooling time (CT), storage temperature (ST) and storage duration (SD) on Saba banana. The experimental design that used for this study was Completely Randomised Design (CRD) with a factorial arrangement of treatments (3 CoolingTime x 3 Storage Temperature x 4 Storage Duration), with three replications and two fruits per treatment per replication. The results were analysed using SAS Version 9.1. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to get the variance among the treatments, storage temperatures and storage duration. LSD was performed to determine difference on the mean values. The results indicate that the hydro cooling time has significantly affected all the observed parameters. irrespective of cooling time, precooled fruits showed lower weight loss and low degradation on the visual appearances. However, none of cooling time in this study could be recommended as indicated lead to disadvantage. Therefore, this result suggests for future study to test lower or shorter cooling time such as 1/8 and ¼ cooling time

Possibility to Reduce Drudgery and Time in Harvesting Individual Ripe Fruits of Jatropha curcas Linn by Whole Bunch Harvesting

<!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1073750139 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:IN; mso-no-proof:yes;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> A study was conducted to determine Jatropha fruits ripening uniformity on its tree and bunches characteristics. To get more information about its ripening off, the tree characteristics a respiration pattern was determined. The data were collected on fi  ve trees for each ten selected accessions (n=50) for fruit ripening uniformity on its trees study and fi  fteen bunches for each seven selected accessions (n=105) for fruits bunches ripening uniformity study at two jatropha pilot projects at Sabah state of Malaysia at the end of March 2009 when the trees were exactly one year old. This study confi  rmed that heterogeneous ripening occured in all jatropha accessions and within individual jatropha bunches. Respiration tests confi  rmed that jatropha is a climacteric fruit. The results showed an upsurge in CO2 production at the end of ripening and at the beginning of senescence. This study has  revealed indications of the possibility to harvest jatropha fruit in bunches rather than harvesting individual ripe fruit, which could potentially improve harvest effi ciency by reducing harvesting time and drudgery. Keywords: ripening, respiration rate, post-harvest, climacteri

Climate Change: Readiness Of Sabah Household to Sustain Their Food Availability

Climate change makes people more susceptible to sickness, for example; the outbreak of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) more likely to affected those in places with poor air quality. In other sides, it also affects food supply and distribution due to Movement Control Order (MCO) policy, hence, negatively impact the existing food insecurities situations among household. While urban farming has been used widely by other country to overcome such crisis especially in urban area, we distributed questionnaire and interviews some Tawau individual to determine their food security by observing their involvement in farming activity, food consumption, and finally the relation between edible garden ownership with healthy food consumption during the MCO. The policy force respondents to stocks up food during the phase and 78% of the respondents choose long-lasting type of foods as food stocks, which unconsciously influences their eating pattern during the outbreak. Only 25.9% respondent involve in edible-type garden, however, there are correlation between garden ownership with healthy food intake. This study shows that Tawau household is still relying on market to obtain healthy and fresh food sources. Three major factors that constraint respondents from gardening – no experience or knowledge, limited space and time, and rental issue. By spreading urban farming benefits, it might attract more individuals to involve in farming activities, thus, help improving their household food security especially on fresh and healthy food availability. It is recommended to have in-depth study about factors influence community participation and how urban farming help household secure their food sources daily