Using of Straw Ash as Additive Material Cement

In this research, Portland cement type 1 made by using raw material clinker and gypsum from production unit in cement plant and also with adding straw ash from the combustion of straw rice plant, the adding of straw ash performed on a particular composition which is 0%, 5%, 8%, 12% and 15%. The purpose of the research is to know the effect of adding straw ash opposite the quality of Portland cement type 1 and to know about the best composition of adding straw ash to get Portland cement type 1 according with SNI-15-2049-2004. The benefits of the research are to reduce the level of environmental pollution and to increase the value of straw rice plant. Portland cement type 1 that has been created will be done some analysis to determine the quality of the cement, such as cement chemical composition analysis using X-Ray spectrometer, determination of free lime, determination of lost on ignition, determination of Blaine and determination of compressive strength mortar. So hoping the Portland cement type 1 that has been created is according SNI 15-2049-2009. The result of the research show that the all of adding straw ash is got cement with compressive strength, free lime disposal, loss on ignition disposal, and Blaine of cement according with SNI 15-2049-2009 with the maximum adding of the straw ash is 15 % where at this adding straw ash is got compressive strength equal 476 Kg/cm2, free lime equal 1, 01 %, loss on ignition equal 2, 78 %, and Blaine equal 6125 cm2/gr

Conversion of CO2 to Methane (CH4) using Ni-Al Based Catalyst and Mg as Promoter via Methanation Process

The increase of CO2 gas in the atmosphere, which can cause climate change, is one of the reasons for converting it into value-added chemicals and renewable fuels. One way to reduce CO2 in the atmosphere is to capture and store CO2. The conversion of CO2 into chemical fuels can be a method to reduce the problem of global warming and provide alternative chemical fuels.The purpose of this research is to obtain methane gas through the CO2 methanation process. Methane gas is produced using nickel-alumina based catalyst and Mg as promoter. The CO2 methanation process is carried out in a 500ml Erlenymeyer flask with CO2 gas flowing from the CO2 tube as the raw material in the process. In this research, the amount of catalyst is adjusted by varying the ratio of Nickel-Alumina catalyst 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3, 2:1, 3:1. Analysis of the methane content was used a Multi Gas Detector Analyzer and for catalyst used X-Ray Diffractionmeter. It is obtained from the research result that the most optimum variation of the Nickel-Alumina catalyst ratio is at the ratio of 3:1. The CO2 conversion to CH4 from the methanation process by using 3:1 Nickel-Alumina ratio also has a significant percentage of 1.82% for the methane content and 0.2% for the CO2 content

PERVAPORATION TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT FOR ABSOLUTE ETHANOL PRODUCTION (ETHANOL FUEL GRADE)

Membrane pervaporation of ethanol vapor is a purification process based on grade with a purity level is high enough, so that the resulting product is called fuel grade ethanol. Fuel grade the process of increasing ethanol used as a fuel alternative. In this study the ethanol content is done by pervaporation technology method that utilizes a cellulose nitrate membrane separation media. Studies have been conducted on the effect of pressure on the value of the permeate flux and membrane selectivity in pervaporation process. Results showed that operating conditions at a temperature of 100 - 140oC, linear flow rate of 2.5 m3/ h, the variation of permeate side pressure of 500 mbar, 550 mbar, 600 mbar, 650 mbar and 700 mbar produces flux and selectivity values are declining. Optimum conditions reached at permeate side pressure is 700 mbar with the flux values 3.4673 x 10-5 Kg/m2.h and selectivity 0.1257. In these conditions the produce fuel grade ethanol yield reached 99.48%. Ethanol is converted into fuel feed grade reaches ± 99%, with a total volume of 193 ml of the feed volume 200 ml

Pemanfaatan Karet Alam Untuk Produk Barang Jadi Di Desa Suban Jeriji Kecamatan Rambang Dangku Kabupaten Muara Enim

Besides the domestic consumption of natural rubber into rubber goods is still very small, Indonesia is also still dependent on the export of these commodities abroad. The new natural rubber producing countries which are quite troubling the world natural rubber market including Indonesia are also China, Vietnam and Cambodia. One of the main weaknesses of Indonesian farmers' natural rubber is dirty. This is a cause of low prices. The cost of cleaning the rubber is too high. Therefore it is indeed necessary to have a way to diversify rubber products or increase the consumption of natural rubber in the country is very important. In order for many people to produce rubber goods, this means that many people know that cleaning rubber is necessary and does not need to be polluted. In Palembang itself, there was PT. Sri Bina Havea and Intirub Tire Factory, but both are gone. Thus, the way to produce rubber goods of natural rubber needs to be socialized to the Indonesian people, especially in South Sumatetra. This certainly greatly influences the development of the local economy given that South Sumatetra is the largest producer of natural rubber in Indonesia and this result is mostly produced by farmers rather than large companies. For this reason, this service aims to provide information about the technology of processing natural rubber into rubber goods to the public. This service was carried out on the people of Suban Jeriji village, Rambang Dangku Sub-District, Muara Enim Regency, South Sumatra. The method used in this activity is a lecture and interactive discussion about the manufacture of natural rubber finished goods with the help of LCD and accompanied by providing samples of finished goods products from semi-finished natural rubber. The target to be achieved in this activity is the formation of insights into thinking that natural rubber goods are a way to overcome the ever-uncertain prices of natural rubber on the market. The long-term target of this activity is perhaps one day there are students or students who are interested in becoming entrepreneurs of natural rubber goods

Effect of Adsorbent Mass and Contact Time on the Removal of Iron (Fe) Metal Ions from Palm Kernel Shells using an Adsorption Column

Palm kernel shell is a waste produced by industrial processing. Its utilization is still widely open as a purification of water, oil, juice, and other uses. This study aims to utilize palm kernel shells as activated carbon for the removal of the Fe metal adsorption process following the isothermal model. The methods used include carbonization, activation, and characterization tests. For the sorption process using carbon mass variations 262; 264; 266; 268; 270; 272; 274; 276 and 278 grams and contact time variations of 15; 20; 25; 30; 35; 40; 45; 50; 55 and 60 minutes. The results of Fe metal removal were analyzed by AAS to obtain an absorption efficiency of 97% at a mass of 278 grams and 89.6% at an optimum time of 25 minutes. The Langmuir isotherm equation obtained adsorption capacity of 0.0139 mg/g and 0.064 mg/g and Freundlich of 92.89 mg/g and 3605.7 mg/g

ISSN: 1693-9050 E-ISSN: 2623-1417 https://jurnal.polsri.ac.id/index.php/kimia/index 55 PROTOTIPE BATERAI BERBASIS KARBON AKTIF DARI BAMBU BETUNG (TINJAUAN PENGARUH KARBON AKTIF DAN ELEKTROLIT DALAM MENINGKATKAN DAYA BATERAI)

Battery is a storage technology electrical energy used for laptops, digital cameras, and cell phones, which are examples of applications that use battery performance. Battery performance involves the transfer of electrons which are conductive. Electron transfer become from the negative electrode (anode) to the positive electrode (cathode), resulting in an electric current and a potential difference. In general the battery system can be classified into two types, that are primary battery system and the secondary battery system. In this research, we use bamboo betung (Dendrocalamus asper) as activated carbon with electrolytes NaCL and NaOH. First, Bamboo Betung which will be carbonized at 500 oC for 2 hours in this furnace is intended to get the best pore for SEM analysis and to increase porosity, the largest measurement result of activated carbon pores is 11.42 μm with 12% KOH activation. Then, the activation was carried out with 1 M KOH with a concentration of 10-12%, then the electrolytes selected were NaOH and 1 M NaCl as much as 5-15 ml. Measurement of voltage and current obtained the smallest power obtained in the measurement of activated carbon 10% KOH with 5 ml NaCL electrolyte of 7.5036 mWatt. The greatest power was obtained in the measurement of activated carbon activated by 12% KOH with 15 ml NaOH electrolyte 103.0336 mWatt

USING OF STRAW ASH AS ADDITIVE MATERIAL CEMENT

In this research, Portland cement type 1 made by using raw material clinker and gypsum from production unit in cement plant and also with adding straw ash from the combustion of straw rice plant, the adding of straw ash performed on a particular composition which is 0%, 5%, 8%, 12% and 15%. The purpose of the research is to know the effect of adding straw ash opposite the quality of Portland cement type 1 and to know about the best composition of adding straw ash to get Portland cement type 1 according with SNI-15-2049-2004. The benefits of the research are to reduce the level of environmental pollution and to increase the value of straw rice plant. Portland cement type 1 that has been created will be done some analysis to determine the quality of the cement, such as cement chemical composition analysis using X-Ray spectrometer, determination of free lime, determination of lost on ignition, determination of Blaine and determination of compressive strength mortar. So hoping the Portland cement type 1 that has been created is according SNI 15-2049-2009.  The result of the research show that the all of adding straw ash is got cement with compressive strength, free lime disposal, loss on ignition disposal, and Blaine of cement according with SNI 15-2049-2009 with the maximum adding of the straw ash is 15 % where at this adding straw ash is got compressive strength equal 476 Kg/cm2, free lime equal 1, 01 %, loss on ignition equal 2, 78 %, and Blaine equal 6125 cm2/gr

PEMBUATAN KATALIS BERBASIS KARBON AKTIF DARI TEMPURUNG KELAPA (Cocos nucifera) DIIMPREGNASI KOH PADA REAKSI TRANSESTERIFIKASI SINTESIS BIODIESEL

The Research has been carried out on KOH catalyst/activated carbon as a heterogeneous base catalyst with the impregnation method to be applied in making biodiesel from used cooking oil. Activated carbon from coconut shell carbonized in a furnace at 500oC for 4 hours. After that, activated carbon was impregnated in a KOH solution with a concentration of 1 N, 2N, 3 N, 4 N, and 5 N for 18,21 and 24 hours. Catalyst is analyzed with AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry) to see the content of potassium absorbed in the activated carbon. Analyzed SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) to see the characteristics of the catalyst that has been produced. Best condition which produced the catalyst with the highest potassium content after impregnation is 97.00% was obtained at a concentration of 5 N KOH with an impregnation time of 21 hours. Making biodiesel, variations of catalyst 1,3, and 5% are carried out with a reaction temperature of 45,55,65,75oC,cooking oil:methanol ratio of 1:6. The best biodiesel is obtained from a catalyst 3% at 55oC with a yield of 87.72%. Characteriszation of methyl ester product fulfill standart of biodiesel viscosity 4.7622 gr/ml, denistas 0.8709 gr/ml, acid number 1.4027 mgKOH/g, water content 0.0266%, flash point 176oC

RANCANG BANGUN ALAT FERMENTOR PUPUK CAIR (PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH SAYURAN DAN ECENG GONDOK (Eichhornia crassipes) MENJADI PUPUK CAIR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN AKTIVATOR EM-4)

The potential for utilizing vegetable waste and water hyacinth to become organic liquid fertilizer is very good to develop, so can reduce dependence on the use of inorganic fertilizers. This liquid organic fertilizer also has the advantage to improving land quality, although the nutrient content of organic matter is generally lower than chemical fertilizers. However, organic matter in liquid fertilizers chemically increases soil buffering capacity against changes in pH, increases cation exchange capacity, decreases P excitation and acts as a reservoir for secondary and micro elements. In supporting the increase in liquid fertilizer production capacity, the manufacture of liquid fertilizer fermenter is a solution for this problem, where the liquid fertilizer fermenter is designed to have sufficient capacity for the pilot plan scale, which is 20 kg of raw material. The liquid fertilizer fermenter is designed to have temperature control that functions to maintain the optimal conditions for the fermentation process that takes place in decomposing organic raw materials into liquid fertilizer. In addition, there is also a biogas tube which functions to accommodate the methane and CO2 gas produced during the fermentation process, and a strainer which functions to separate liquid fertilizer from the remaining fermentation cellulose fibers. To determine the reliability of the fermenter tool that has been made, a lab for making liquid fertilizer was carried out by varying the addition of the activator EM-4 with variations of 100 ml, 150 ml, and 200 ml. The results showed that the addition of EM-4 activator with variations of 150 ml and 200 ml had met the SNI 2803: 2010 standards related to the NPK content of organic fertilizers. The test results on these variations were nitrogen elements of 0.4% and 0.45%, phosphorus elements were 0.18% and 0.19%, and potassium elements were 0.20% and 0.22%. From these results it can be concluded that the fermenter can be used to produce liquid fertilizer properly