Sustainable Agriculture: Case Study in Barebbo Village, Bone Regency

Ecological sustainability refers to the maintenance of the environmental order on earth so that its sustainability can be maintained. Three aspects must be considered to maintain the integrity of the environmental order, namely; carrying capacity, assimilative capacity and sustainable use of recoverable resources. Environmental development management is essential for ecosystem sustainability. Macroeconomic sustainability guarantees sustainable economic progress and encourages economic efficiency through structural and national reforms. Food security is defined as a condition for the fulfillment of food for households which is reflected in the availability of sufficient food, both in quantity and quality, safe, equitable, and affordable

Analysis of Tumpang Sari Horticulture Farming in Pattappang Village, Gowa Regency

This research was prepared aiming to determine the amount of cost, income, and efficiency of vegetable farming in the Buluballea Environment, Pattappang Village, Tinggimoncong District, Gowa Regency. Besides this research is also to determine the effect of factors such as land area, labor, manure, urea fertilizer, KCl fertilizer, ZA fertilizer, and cropping patterns on costs and income. Tumpangsari Farming is planting in almost the same time for the same two types of crops. The basic method used in this research is descriptive study and is done by interview technique. The selection of sample farmers uses a stratified random sampling method with a total of 5 (five) people. The type of data used in the study is primary data and secondary data collected by interview, note-taking, and observation technique

Ethanol impairs expression of estrogen receptors and increases ICAM-1 and galectin-3 in human umbilical vein and cerebral microvascular endothelial cells

Background: Endothelial cells play a pivotal role in maintaining vascular homeostasis and endothelial dysfunction (ED) is an underlying mechanism of cardiovascular disease. Estrogen deficiency is one of the causes of ED that precedes the changes in vasomotor tone, inflammation and arterial stiffness, leading to vascular structural changes and increased blood pressure. Aim: To determine the effects of ethanol (EtOH) on the expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) and inflammatory markers (ICAM-1, galectin-3) using two different types of endothelial cells: human umbilical vein (HUVEC), as a model of large vessel endothelial cells, and cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC), which are associated with the blood-brain barrier. Methods: Cells were treated with EtOH and ED and were then evaluated for the expression of ERs (ERα, ERβ, G protein coupled ER (GpER)), as well as for the regulation of ICAM-1, galectin-3, and the phosphorylation of IκBα using Western blot assay. Results: Exposure to EtOH decreased the expression of ERα and GpER, but did not change ERβ (ERα was not detected in the HUVEC line used in this study). In terms of inflammatory factors, EtOH increased ICAM-1 and galectin-3 in both cell lines and activated p-IκBα in hCMEC. Conclusions: These findings suggest that alcohol accelerates ED by decreasing estrogenic effects and increasing inflammatory response in both the systemic and cerebral vasculature.1 page(s