Quality of meat of rabbits after application of epicatechin and patulin

The aim of the present study was to determinate the effect of epicatechin and patulin on selected parameters of meat quality of rabbits. Adult female rabbits (n=25), maternal albinotic line (crossbreed Newzealand white, Buskat rabbit, French silver) and paternal acromalictic line (crossbreed Nitra's rabbit, Californian rabbit, Big light silver) were used in experiment. Animals were divided into five groups: control group (C) and experimental groups E1, E2, E3, and E4. Animals from experimental groups E1, E2, E3, E4 received patulin through intramuscular injection (10 µg.kg-1) twice a week and animals from groups E2, E3, E4 received epicatechin three times a week through intramuscular injection. After 30 days animals were slaughtered. For analysing of meat quality the samples of Musculus longissimus dorsi (50 g) were used. Application of  epicatechin and patulin to rabbits had slight or no effect on the pH levels in stomach, small intestine, large intestine and urinary bladder contents, however differences among the groups were insignificant (p ˃0.05). Application of epicatechin and patulin to rabbits had slight or no effect on total water, protein, fat   and differences among the groups were insignificant (p >0.05). The values of amino acids concentrations were not influenced after application of epicatechin and patulin. The fatty acid profiles in animals after application of different doses of epicatechin and 10 µg.kg-1 patulin were similar (p >0.05). Concentration of cholesterol increased in experimental groups in comparison with the control group, but differences were insignificant (p >0.05). pH levels of meat of rabbits in experimental group E3 was lower when compared with the control group, but differences was not significant (p >0.05).  Electric conductivity parameter was increased in each experimental group (in E3 the highest) against the control but without significant differences (p >0.05). Colour L parameter was slightly decreased in experimental groups with comparison to the control group (in E3 the lowest). Generally we can conclude that intramuscular application of epicatechin or patulin did not affect parameters of meat quality as well as pH values of internal organs content. Further investigations are needed to prove the final answer concerning the health promoting effects of epicatechin and patulin

Mechanické zajiíšťovací zařízení proti zpětnému rozjetí dovrchního pásového dopravníku

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NUTRIGENOMIC ANALYSIS OF C677T MUTATION OF MTHFR GENE IN SLOVAK POPULATION

Total of 124 individuals originated from Slovak Republic has been nutrignomically analysed. Analysis was focused to mutation C677T of MTHFR gene detection and analysis of mutant genotypes frequency. Observed frequency of allele 677C was 0.6998 and allelic frequency of mutant variant 677T was 0.3992. Genotype frequency of mutant heterozygotes with 71% activity of MTHFR enzyme was 0,391 and mutant homozygotes with 33% MTHFR enzyme activity was 0.153. Result shows 64% of Slovak has decreased activity of enzyme MTHFR, and 14.3% of Slovak has predisposition to cancer, cardio vascular diseases, loss of fertility and many others complications according to improper nutrition, low folic acid and B12 vitamin intake.&nbsp; doi:10.5219/136</span

Association of H-FABP (HinfI) Gene with Carcass and Meat Quality Characteristics in Pigs

Our aims were to analyze how this polymorphism influence to carcass traits in crossbred pigs. For our experiment we used biological material from pigs of hybrid combination Large White and Landrace. A total of 106 animals were genotyped using the HinfI restriction enzyme. Three genotypes were identified, 51 being animals HH, 41 Hh and 14 hh. The carcasses of hh pigs had higher carcass percentage of lean meat LM (55.26), MLT area (45.30), (statistically significant higher in comparison hh to HH genotype), half carcass weight (40.84) and back-fat thickness BFT (18.57), as compared with the Hh and HH pigs. We confirmed a statistically significant correlation between carcass traits of genotypes. Statistically most significant were correlations between LM to BFT (-0.8336) and half carcass weight to MLT area (0.5902) in genotype hh. In the other genotypes was a similar trend but with a lower significance. Our results showed the potential of the H-FABP gene in selection programs for carcass traits in pigs

Effects of the Porcine LEPR Polymorphism (Hpaii) on Carcass Traits in Large White × Landrace Crossbred Pigs

The aim of the study was to establish the relationship between leptin receptor (LEPR) gene polymorphism and carcass quality traits in pigs (LWxL). The genotypes of LEPR gene were determined in 106 hybrid pigs. The polymorphism of LEPR gene was analyzed by PCR-RFLP method using the HpaII restriction enzyme. Three genotypes were identified, 45 being animals AA, 42 AB and 19 BB. The back-fat thickness (BFT) was higher and percentage of lean meat (LM) was lower in AA genotype compared to BB genotype (19.05 > 17.21, 54.53 < 55.68). The significant effect of back-fat thickness was observed between AA (19.05) to AB (17.46) and BB (17.21) genotypes. Statistically most significant were correlations between BFT (-0.7417) to LM percentage and percentage of thigh in BB genotype.  Our results suggest that LEPR gene provide a useful tool to improve carcass/meat quality in pigs

Evidence that growth factors IGF-I, IGF-II and EGF can stimulate nuclear maturation of porcine oocytes via intracellular protein kinase A

The aim of our in vitro experiments was to study the role of growth factors and protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent intracellular mechanisms in the control of nuclear maturation of porcine oocytes. Oocytes were cultured with or without growth factors (IGF-I, IGF-II, EGF; 10 ng$\cdot$mL$^{-1}$ medium) and inhibitors of PKA (Rp-cAMPS or KT5720; 100 ng$\cdot$mL$^{-1}$). Stages of meiosis were determined from the structure of chromosomes after staining with Giemza. Intracellular levels of PKA were evaluated immunocytochemically using primary antisera against the PKA regulatory and catalytic subunits and by Western immunoblotting using primary antiserum against the PKA catalytic subunit. It was found that after 24 h culture the majority of oocytes had resumed nuclear maturation (they were at a stage of meiosis after diplotene) and that after 48 h culture the majority of cells had completed maturation (they had reached metaphase II of meiosis). Addition of IGF-I, IGF-II or EGF, or a combination of IGF-I and EGF, significantly increased the proportion of oocytes which resumed and completed meiosis. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated a significant increase in the proportion of cells containing catalytic and, in some cases, the regulatory subunits of PKA after addition of IGF-I, IGF-II and EGF. Immunoblotting showed the presence of 2 forms of the PKA catalytic subunit within the oocytes (MW approximately 52 and 40 kD). EGF, but not IGF-I or IGF-II, increased the content of both isoforms. Inhibitors of PKA, when given alone, did not substantially influence the proportion of oocytes which resumed or completed meiosis. However, Rp-cAMPS and KT5720 both prevented the stimulatory effects of IGF-I, IGF-II and EGF on the resumption and completion of oocyte maturation. The present observations suggest (1) that IGF-I, IGF-II and EGF are potent stimulators of both resumption and completion of porcine oocyte nuclear maturation, (2) that PKA is present in oocytes, and (3) that PKA-dependent intracellular mechanisms can mediate the action of growth factors on porcine oocytes.Les facteurs de croissance IGF-I, IGF-II et EGF peuvent stimuler la maturation nucléaire de l'ovocyte de porc par la voie intracellulaire de la protéine kinase A. Ces expériences ont pour but d'étudier in vitro le rôle des facteurs de croissance et des mécanismes intracellulaires dépendant de la protéine kinase A (PKA) vis-à-vis du contrôle nucléaire des ovocytes porcins. Des ovocytes ont été cultivés avec ou sans facteurs de croissance (IGF-I, IGF-II, EGF ; 10 ng$\cdot$mL$^{-1}$ de milieu) et avec ou sans des inhibiteurs de la PKA (Rp-cAMPS, KT5720 ; 100 ng$\cdot$mL$^{-1}$). Les stades de la méiose ont été déterminés par examen des chromosomes après coloration par le Giemza. Les niveaux intracellulaires de PKA ont été évalués par immunocytochimie en utilisant un anticorps primaire de la sous-unité régulatrice et de la sous-unité catalytique de PKA et par Western immunoblot avec des anticorps primaires dirigé contre la sous-unité catalytique. Après 24 h de culture, la majorité des ovocytes a repris sa maturation nucléaire (stade diplotène dépassé) et elle l'a terminée (stade métaphase II atteint) après 48 h. L'addition de IGF-I, IGF-II ou d'EGF, ou une combinaison de IGF-I et d'EGF, accroît significativement la proportion d'ovocytes qui ont repris et terminé leur méiose. L'addition de IGF-I, IGF-II ou d'EGF s'accompagne d'un accroissement significatif des cellules exprimant la sous-unité catalytique et dans certains cas la sous-unité régulatrice de la PKA (immunocytochimie). La présence de deux formes de la sous-unité catalytique à l'intérieur des ovocytes est montrée en immunoblot (PM 52 et 40 kD environ). EGF mais non IGF-I ou IGF-II augmente le contenu des deux isoformes. Les inhibiteurs de la PKA, utilisés seuls, ne modifient pas la proportion des ovocytes qui reprennent ou terminent leur méiose. Cependant ils préviennent les effets stimulants de IGF-I, IGF-II et EGF. Ces observations suggèrent que : (1) IGF-I, IGF-II et EGF sont des stimulateurs efficaces de la reprise et de l'achèvement de la maturation nucléaire chez le porc, (2) PKA est présente dans les ovocytes, et (3) les facteurs de croissance peuvent agir sur les ovocytes porcins par des mécanismes intracellulaires dépendant de la PKA