Experimentação pedagógica - relações CTSA na formação inicial do licenciando em Química

A formação inicial do professor de química é um momento propício a experimentação pedagógica, onde novas metodologias/ enfoques/ teorias podem ser incorporados ao futuro exercício da docência. O presente trabalho visa discutir a experiência de formação de dois licenciandos em química, em seu primeiro estágio supervisionado durante o semestre 2007.1 da Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte - Brasil. Bem como as propostas de aulas práticas dirigidas por estes com o intuito de desenvolver um enfoque CTSA em seu primeiro contato com a regência de sala. Para a discussão das observações levou-se em conta as impressões de licenciandos para analisar criticamente as contribuições que esta prática efetivamente construíram para a formação dos futuros professores de química, e principalmente sobre as suas visões sobre possibilidades do enfoque CTSA no ensino-aprendizagem

Primer and probe sequences for PCR assays.

<p>Primer and probe sequences for PCR assays.</p

qPCR of boiled blood spots, using the LLMF72 Taqman primer/probe set.

<p>Each point represents the mean and standard deviation of duplicate assays. Panel A: Whole blood spiked with limiting dilutions of intact <i>L. loa</i> microfilariae boiled for 10 minutes (circles, solid line) or 30 minutes (squares, dashed line). Panel B: total DNA extracted from dried blood spots (40 µL) collected from <i>L. loa</i> infected individuals. Microscopic quantitation of microfilaremia was performed on 50 µL fresh aliquots at the time of collection.</p

Reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) of limiting dilutions of <i>L. loa</i> total RNA.

<p>Shown are concentrations of specific PCR product using primers for targets LLMF72 (circles, solid line) and LLMF269 (squares, dashed line). The lower X-axis indicates the number of <i>L. loa</i> microfilariae corresponding to the amount of RNA used as template (upper X-axis). Each point represents the result of a single assay.</p

Performance of LLMF72 qPCR assay with blood spots in comparison to microscopy.

<p>ND: not done.</p

Candidate PCR assay targets based on dCAS bioinformatics analysis of <i>L. loa</i> microfilaria EST library screen.

<p>Contigs selected for further investigation by real-time PCR are shown in bold.</p

Real-time PCR (qPCR) assays incorporating LLMF72 and LLMF269 targets.

<p>Shown are the results of Taqman qPCR assays using primer/probe sets for LLMF72 (circles) and LLMF269 (squares). Each point represents the mean and standard deviation of duplicate assays. Panel A: limiting dilutions of cDNA template created by reverse transcription of <i>L. loa</i> total RNA. Panel B: limiting dilutions of highly purified <i>L. loa</i> genomic DNA template. Panel C: total DNA extracted from whole blood spiked with limiting dilutions of intact <i>L. loa</i> microfilariae.</p

Pre-treatment LLM, month of start and end of sustained (≥ 4 months) decrease in LLM by ≥ 50% from pre-treatment LLM, to < 8100 mf/ml or < 30000 mf/ml by treatment arm for participants with a sustained decrease by ≥ 50%.

<p>Pre-treatment LLM, month of start and end of sustained (≥ 4 months) decrease in LLM by ≥ 50% from pre-treatment LLM, to < 8100 mf/ml or < 30000 mf/ml by treatment arm for participants with a sustained decrease by ≥ 50%.</p

CONSORT flowchart.

<p>AE–adverse event, FU–follow up, M–Month, LLM—<i>Loa loa</i> microfilaraemia measurement, LFU–Lost to FU, Tx–treatment.</p

Minimum, 25%, 50th, 75th percentile and maximum of the % reduction from pre-treatment values.

<p>P placebo, 2x 2 doses albendazole, 6x 6 doses albendazole, -1 value obtained during screening (4–12 weeks prior to baseline measurement and first treatment), 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 18, 21, 24 Months after the first treatment at which LLM was measured.</p