Herbicide selectivity and weed control in cowpea

Weeds negatively affect cowpea plants, causing reduced growth, delayed development and yield loss. The aim of this study was to assay selectivity and effectiveness of weed control herbicides in cowpea cropping field conditions. For selectivity evaluation, the herbicide S-metolachlor, was used pre-emergence (PRE), and carfentrazone-ethyl, clethodim, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, fluazifop-p-butyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl post-emergence (POST). In effectiveness evaluation, S-metolachlor (PRE), and carfentrazone-ethyl (POST), S-metolachlor in PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl (POST), clethodim, carfentrazone-ethyl and clethodim, fenoxapropp-ethyl, carfentrazone-ethyl and fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, fluazifop-p-butyl, carfentrazone-ethyl and fluazifop-pbutyl, quizalofop-p-ethyl and carfentrazone-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl (POST). Two controls were included, one with weeding at 15 and 35 days after sowing (DAS) and the other without weed control. Carfentrazone-ethyl caused mild phytotoxicity in plants seven days after application, but did not reduce yield (2337 kg ha-1). The levels of weed control and productivity obtained with S-metolachlor alone or in association with carfentrazoneethyl or fluazifop-p-butyl, associated or not with carfentrazone-ethyl, were similar to those obtained with weeds. Spraying with carfentrazone-ethyl alone resulted in low control effectiveness and reduced yield (1511 kg ha-1). Weed interference during the crop cycle reduced yield by 77% (531 kg ha-1). The selectivity and effectiveness obtained with the herbicides should be considered as an agronomic and economically-viable

Effectiveness of the herbicides applied by central pivot on beans cropping under non-till and conventional planting

Comparou-se a herbigação com a pulverização do metolachlor e do fomesafen na eficiência de controle de plantas daninhas na cultura do feijão e na lixiviação desses compostos no solo, em plantio direto e convencional. Foram conduzidos experimentos de campo e bioensaios em casa de vegetação. Em campo, no experimento 1, aplicou-se em pré-emergência o metolachlor (2,4 kg ha -1) com lâminas de água de 5, 10 e 15 mm; no -1 experimento 2, o fomesafen (0,225 kg ha ), em pós-emergência, com 3, 6 e 9 mm; e no experimento 3, os dois herbicidas (metolachlor em pré seguido do fomesafen em pós-emergência) com as mesmas lâminas já citadas. Os herbicidas foram também aplicados com pulverizador costal (200 L ha -1 de calda). Foram incluídas duas testemunhas: com e sem capina. A comparação da lixiviação dos herbicidas foi feita por meio de bioensaios. Amostras de solo foram coletadas em três profundidades, 0-5, 5-10 e 10-15 cm, aos 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias após a aplicação dos herbicidas. Como planta-teste utilizou-se Sorghum bicolor (híbrido BR 304). Quinze dias após a semeadura, as plantas foram coletadas e secas em estufa com circulação forçada de ar a 72 oC. Comparou-se a massa da planta-teste seca com a da testemunha, cultivada em amostras de solo coletadas em área na qual não foram aplicados os herbicidas. Os experimentos de campo e os bioensaios em casa de vegetação foram conduzidos com três repetições. Para interpretação dos resultados utilizou-se a estatística descritiva, com apresentação das médias dos tratamentos e seus respectivos erros-padrão da média. Quatro dias antes e depois da aplicação dos herbicidas foi aplicada lâmina de água de 10 mm em toda a área experimental. No plantio convencional predominaram Artemisia verlotorum e as monocotiledôneas, e no plantio direto, Bidens pilosa e outras dicotiledôneas. O metolachlor, quando aplicado com lâmina de água de 15 mm, proporcionou excelente controle das invasoras, superior ao obtido com a pulverização, independentemente do sistema de plantio. O fomesafen proporcionou de bom a excelente controle das dicotiledôneas com todas as lâminas de água em ambos os sistemas de plantio. Quando foram empregados os dois herbicidas, o controle de monocotiledôneas e dicotiledôneas foi excelente, independentemente da lâmina de água e do sistema de plantio. As produtividades alcançadas no plantio direto foram maiores, em relação ao plantio convencional. Apesar de melhor controle das plantas daninhas com os dois herbicidas, a aplicação de apenas um deles não comprometeu a produtividade do feijão, independentemente do sistema de plantio e da lâmina de água utilizada na herbigação. A lixiviação no solo do metolachlor e do fomesafen não foi influenciada pela aplicação dos herbicidas com água de irrigação, independentemente da lâmina de água utilizada, assim como o sistema de plantio adotado.A comparison between herbigation and the conventional application of the metolachlor and fomesafen was performed for their efficiency in controlling the weeds in beans cropping, as well as the leaching of these compounds in soil profile, under no-till and conventional planting. The experiments were carried out in the field, whereas the bioassays were performed under greenhouse conditions. In experiment 1, conducted under field conditions, the metolachlor was applied (2.4 kg ha -1) at pre-emergence with water depths of 5, -1 10 and 15 mm. In experiment 2, the fomesafen was applied (0.225 kg ha ) at post-emergency with water depths of 3, 6 and 9 mm. In experiment 3, the metolachlor was applied at pre-emergence, followed by fomesafen at post- emergence; for both herbicides these same water depths were used. The -1 herbicides were also applied by knapsack sprayer (200 L ha syrup). Two controls were included, that is, weeded and without weeding. The leaching of these herbicides in the soil profile were compared by bioassays. A number of soil samples were collected at three depths, that is, 0-5, 5-10, and 10-15 cm, and at 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after applying the herbicides. The Sorghum bicolor (hybrid BR 304) was used as test-plant. Fifteen days after sowing, the plants were collected and dried in an air-forced circulation oven at 72 oC. The dry mass of the test-plant was compared to that of the control growing in soil samples taken from the area where no herbicides were applied. The field experiments and the bioassays conducted under greenhouse conditions were carried out with three replications. For interpretation of the results, the descriptive statistics was used, presenting the averages of the treatments and their respective standard deviations of the average. Four days before and after application of the herbicides, a water depth of 10 mm was applied throughout the experimental area. In the conventional planting, the Artemisia verlotorum and the monocotyledonous prevailed, whereas Bidens pilosa and other dicotyledonous prevailed in no-till planting. When applied with a water depth of 15 mm, the metolachlor provided an excellent control upon invaders, which was superior to the one obtained by using the knapsack sprayer, independently from the used planting system. Fomesafen provided a good to excellent control upon the dicotyledonous for all water depths used in both planting systems. The application of both herbicides provided an excellent control upon the monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous, independent from the used water depth and planting system. In no-till planting, the productivities were higher than the ones obtained in the conventional planting. Although the application of both herbicides provided a better control of the weeds, the application of just one of them did not commit the beans productivity, independent from the planting system and the water depth used in herbigation. The leaching of the metolachlor and fomesafen in soil profile was not affected by application of these herbicides with irrigation water, independent from the used water depth and the adopted planting system as well.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológic

Herbicides selectivity and efficacy to caupi bean crop

O feijão-caupi é cultivado principalmente por agricultores familiares, com adoção de baixo nível tecnológico, onde o manejo de plantas daninhas é realizado com capinas, sendo cansativa e com baixo rendimento operacional. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a seletividade de herbicidas e a eficácia de controle de plantas daninhas na cultura do feijão-caupi, variedade BRS Guariba. O experimento foi conduzido à campo com aplicação dos herbicidas (g i.a. ha-1) sulfentrazone (500) e oxadiazon (600), em pré-emergência, e bentazon (600), bentazon + paraquat (39 + 62), fomesafen (225), fluazifop-p-butyl (250) e fomesafen + fluazifop-p-butyl (125 + 125), em pós-emegência, um tratamento com capina aos 20 e 34 dias após a emergência da cultura, e uma testemunha sem capina durante todo o ciclo da cultura. A aplicação do bentazon + paraquat provocou elevada fitotoxicidade no feijão-caupi, e o oxadiazon, sulfentrazone, bentazon e fluazifop-p-butyl garantiram de bom a excelente o controle das plantas daninhas, com produtividades semelhantes à obtida quando o controle foi realizado com duas capinas. O fomesafen associado ou não ao fluazifop-p-butyl provocou fitointoxicação moderada, atrasos no florescimento e colheita e redução de produtividade da cultura. A interferência de plantas daninhas durante todo o ciclo da cultura reduziu a produtividade de grãos em 42%.Caupi bean is grow by small farmer’s family using low technological level, where weeds management is conducted by hoeing, and an exhausted practice with low efficiency action. The objective of this study was to evaluate herbicides selectivity and control weeds efficacy in caupi crop, BRS Guariba cultivar. The experiment was conducted in field conditions with the application of herbicides (g a.e. ha-1) sulfentrazone (500) e oxadiazon (600), in pre emergence conditions, and bentazon (600), bentazon + paraquat (39 + 62), fomesafen (225), fluazifop-p-butyl (250) and fomesafen + fluazifop-p-butyl (125 + 125), in post emergence, one treatment with hoeing at 20 and 34 days after crop emergence and a check without hoeing during the whole crop cycle. Bentazon + paraquat application promoted high phytotoxicity in caupi bean, and oxadiazon, sulfentrazone, bentazon and fluazifop-p-butyl guaranteed an excellent control of weeds, with yields really similar to those obtained with two  hoeing.  Fomesafen associated or not to fluazifop-p-butyl caused moderate phytotoxicity, delays flowering and harvest, besides crop yield reduction. Weeds interference during the whole crop cycle reduced grains yield in 42%

Selectivity and efficiency of herbicides in cassava on the floodplain of the Solimões river

Cassava is grown on the floodplains of the Solimões river and guarantees food security and income for farmers. However, negative interference of weeds can result in a significant yield loss in the crop. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of herbicides and efficiency of chemical weed control in the cassava ‘Aipim-manteiga’ cultivar, in the floodplain of the Solimões river, in Iranduba, Amazonas. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with four replications. The herbicides evaluated were clomazone (1080 g ha-1), diuron (1750 and 2500 g ha-1) and oxadiazon (400 and 800 g ha-1), applied alone or with hoeing 90 days after planting (DAP). Two control treatments were included: weeding (hoeing) at 30, 60, 90 and 120 DAP and with no weed control. Clomazone caused mild toxicity in the plants, while with diuron and oxadiazon toxicity was moderate; all three were considered safe for the crop. The plant population of the crop was not affected by the herbicides. Clomazone afforded effective weed control up to 45 DAP only, and weeding was necessary at 90 DAP to eliminate negative interference by the weeds on crop yield. Diuron and oxadiazon were effective in controlling weeds throughout the crop cycle of the cassava. Weed interference during the crop life cicle reduced yield by 83.8%

Herbicide selectivity and weed control in cowpea

Weeds negatively affect cowpea plants, causing reduced growth, delayed development and yield loss. The aim of this study was to assay selectivity and effectiveness of weed control herbicides in cowpea cropping field conditions. For selectivity evaluation, the herbicide S-metolachlor, was used pre-emergence (PRE), and carfentrazone-ethyl, clethodim, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, fluazifop-p-butyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl post-emergence (POST). In effectiveness evaluation, S-metolachlor (PRE), and carfentrazone-ethyl (POST), S-metolachlor in PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl (POST), clethodim, carfentrazone-ethyl and clethodim, fenoxapropp-ethyl, carfentrazone-ethyl and fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, fluazifop-p-butyl, carfentrazone-ethyl and fluazifop-pbutyl, quizalofop-p-ethyl and carfentrazone-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl (POST). Two controls were included, one with weeding at 15 and 35 days after sowing (DAS) and the other without weed control. Carfentrazone-ethyl caused mild phytotoxicity in plants seven days after application, but did not reduce yield (2337 kg ha-1). The levels of weed control and productivity obtained with S-metolachlor alone or in association with carfentrazoneethyl or fluazifop-p-butyl, associated or not with carfentrazone-ethyl, were similar to those obtained with weeds. Spraying with carfentrazone-ethyl alone resulted in low control effectiveness and reduced yield (1511 kg ha-1). Weed interference during the crop cycle reduced yield by 77% (531 kg ha-1). The selectivity and effectiveness obtained with the herbicides should be considered as an agronomic and economically-viable

Agronomic performance of eight corn genotypes in two sowing periods

Climatic factors of a region determine the critical periods of corn crop development and affect the sowing planning in order to reduce the negative effects on yield. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of eight corn genotypes and two sowing dates in the edaphoclimatic conditions of Manaus, Amazonas. Four experiments were carried out in the agricultural years 2016/2017 and 2017/2018, conducted in two sowing periods under harvest season and off-season conditions each year. The sown of the harvest season and off-season were made in October and March, respectively. The experiments were conducted in a randomized block design, with eight genotypes (four varieties - BR 106, BR 5011 Sertanejo, BRS 4103, and BRS Caimbé; and four hybrids - AG 1051, BRS 1055, BRS 3040, and BRS 3046), and four replicates evaluated in two sowing periods for each year. The data were submitted to individual variance analysis for each sowing period, joint for each year, and to the means comparison test. Corn cultivation at the Manaus region could be carried out both during the harvest season, sowing at the beginning of the rainy period (October), and in the off-season, with sowing near the end of the rainy period (March). Hybrids have higher yield potential than open-pollinated varieties for both grain and green ear cultivation, regardless of sowing, harvest, or off-season

Épocas de capina no controle de plantas daninhas na cultura do feijão-mungo-verde [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]

Foram conduzidos, em I X96 e I 9 7, quatro experimentos de caw° corn o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de épocas de capinas sobre o controle de plantas daninhas na cultura do feijão-rnungo-verde. Dais experimentos foram conduzidos no verao-autono (Coimbra e Viçosa, MG) e doffs na prnnavera-vcrão (Coimbra e Viçosa, MG). Foi usada a variedade Ouro Verde. foram utilizados 12 tratamentvs: sem capina; corn capinas realizadas durante todo o ciclo de vida da cultura; corn capina aces 7, 14, 2l, 28, 35, 42, 49, e 21, 14 e 28, e 21 e 35 digs apps a semeadura (DAS), distribuidos num delincamento em blows ao acaso, corn quatro repetkaes. Igo verao-outono, em que houve predominancia de Ipomoea grandfo1ia e Cyperus rotundus (Coimbra e Viçosa. respectivamente), a realização de uma capina em torno de 21 DAS permitiu a obtenÇao de produtividade semelhante a verificada na testemunha capinada durance todo o ciclo de villa da culture. Na testemunha seat capina, em Coimbra e em Viçosa, houve reduÇao de produtividade cue 51% e 49%, respectivamente. Ida primavera-verâo, gyin predominãrnia pie Brachiaria plantaginea e Cyperus rotundus (Coimbra e ViÇosa, respectivamente), a realizayaa de doss capinas, a primeira as 14 e a segunda aos 2$ DA S proporci onaram obten9~o de produti vidade semelhante a verif calla na tesiemunha capin,ada, competirda das plantar daninhas duraute todo o ciclo de vide da sulfurs causou redução da produtividade de 82% e 83% em Coimbra e em Viçosa, respectivamente.Two field experiments were carried out in the summer-fall and two in the spring- summer growing seasons, in 1996 and 1997, to determine the etfects of boeing time on weed control in mungbean cultivar Ouro Verde. The effects of hoeing at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 7 and 21, 14 and 28, and at 21 and 35 days after sowing (DAS) were evaluated. Treatments with both no weed control and weed control during the crop life cycle were also included. In the summer-fall, when Ipomoea grandifolia and Cyperus rotundus (Coimbra and Viçosa, respectively) predominated, one hoeing, approximately 21 DAS, did not affect grain yield as compared to yield obtained when weed was controlled during the “mungbean life cycle. Weed interference during the life cycle reduced grain yield in 51% and 49% in Coimbra and Viçosa, respectively. In the spring-summer, when Brachiaria plantaginea and Cyperus rotundus (Coimbra and Viçosa, respectively), predominated, two hoeing, the first at 14 and the other one at 28 DAS, provided grain yields similar to that when weed was kept under control. Weed interference reduced grain yield in 82% and 83% in Coimbra and Viçosa, respectively

FERTILIZATION AND PLANT ARRANGEMENT IN INTERCROPPED MAIZE AND BRACHIARIA ADUBAÇÃO E ARRANJO DE PLANTAS NO CONSÓRCIO MILHO E BRAQUIÁRIA

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margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:8.0pt; font-family:Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p.p1, li.p1, div.p1 {mso-style-name:p1; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:12.0pt; mso-pagination:none; tab-stops:36.0pt; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; layout-grid-mode:line;} p.EGbibliog, li.EGbibliog, div.EGbibliog {mso-style-name:EG_bibliog; margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt; margin-left:14.2pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:-14.2pt; line-height:150%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; text-autospace:none; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p.Assuntodocomentrio, li.Assuntodocomentrio, div.Assuntodocomentrio {mso-style-name:"Assunto do comentário"; mso-style-parent:"Texto de comentário"; mso-style-next:"Texto de comentário"; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-language:EN-US; font-weight:bold;} span.style18 {mso-style-name:style18;} ins {mso-style-type:export-only; text-decoration:none;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span&gt;The &lt;ins datetime="2008-11-27T14:56" cite="mailto:Escola%20de%20Agronomia"&gt;optimization &lt;/ins&gt;of maize and &lt;em&gt;Brachiaria&lt;/em&gt; intercropping managment is influenced by soil fertility, &lt;em&gt;Brachiaria&lt;/em&gt; plant density, and maize plant arrangement. This research evaluated those factors interactions and their influence on the productivity of maize and &lt;em&gt;Brachiaria&lt;/em&gt;. The experiment was carried out during two crop cycles, in a 2x2x3+1 factorial scheme, combining two conditions of maize fertilization (grain yield expectation of 6 or &gt; 10 t ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;), medium or high plant density of &lt;em&gt;Brachiaria&lt;/em&gt; (&lt; 20 or &gt; 30 plant m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;), three maize plant arrangements (A = 90 cm row spacing with 5 plants m&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;; B = 45 cm row spacing with 2.5 plants m&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;; and C = 45 cm row spacing with 3 plants m&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;), and one additional treatment (heavier fertilization, without &lt;em&gt;Brachiaria &lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;and &lt;/span&gt;maize A arrangement). Water availability influenced the responses to treatments. In the rainy year, heavier fertilization promoted expressive grain yield increase, independently of the maize arrangement or the presence of &lt;em&gt;Brachiaria&lt;/em&gt;. In the dry year, the maize yield increase, due to heavier fertilization, was smaller and there was a harmful effect caused by the higher &lt;em&gt;Brachiaria&lt;/em&gt; density. The dry matter yield of &lt;em&gt;Brachiaria&lt;/em&gt; was not directly related to the variation in plant density.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--&gt; &lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"&gt;KEY-WORDS: Crop management; crop-livestock integration; precision agriculture; row spacing; plant population.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;<br>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt; &lt;w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt; &lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt; &lt;w:HyphenationZone&gt;21&lt;/w:HyphenationZone&gt; &lt;w:DoNotOptimizeForBrowser /&gt; &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt; &lt;!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Tahoma; panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:1627421319 -2147483648 8 0 66047 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} h1 {mso-style-next:Normal; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; page-break-after:avoid; mso-outline-level:1; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning:0pt; font-weight:normal; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} h2 {mso-style-next:Normal; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; page-break-after:avoid; mso-outline-level:2; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; font-weight:normal; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} h3 {mso-style-next:Normal; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center; text-indent:36.0pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; page-break-after:avoid; mso-outline-level:3; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:EN-US; 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font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} a:link, span.MsoHyperlink {color:blue; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {color:purple; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} p.Textodebalo, li.Textodebalo, div.Textodebalo {mso-style-name:"Texto de balão"; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:8.0pt; font-family:Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p.p1, li.p1, div.p1 {mso-style-name:p1; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:12.0pt; mso-pagination:none; tab-stops:36.0pt; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; layout-grid-mode:line;} p.EGbibliog, li.EGbibliog, div.EGbibliog {mso-style-name:EG_bibliog; margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt; margin-left:14.2pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:-14.2pt; line-height:150%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; text-autospace:none; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p.Assuntodocomentrio, li.Assuntodocomentrio, div.Assuntodocomentrio {mso-style-name:"Assunto do comentário"; mso-style-parent:"Texto de comentário"; mso-style-next:"Texto de comentário"; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-language:EN-US; font-weight:bold;} span.style18 {mso-style-name:style18;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span&gt;A otimização do manejo de milho consorciado com braquiária depende da fertilidade do solo, da densidade de plantas de braquiária e do arranjo de plantas do milho. Avaliaram-se as inte