Revealing Archaeological Sites under Mediterranean Forest Canopy Using LiDAR: El Viandar Castle (husum) in El Hoyo (Belmez-Córdoba, Spain)

Light detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology is a valuable tool for archaeological prospection in areas covered by dense vegetation. Its capacity to penetrate dense forest environments enables it to detect archaeological remains scattered over orographically complex areas. LiDAR-derived digital terrain models (DTMs) have made an exceptional contribution towards identifying topographic landscapes of archaeological interest. In this study, we focus on an area of intense historic settlement from the Chalcolithic to the Middle Ages, which today is completely covered by Mediterranean forest. Due to the dense canopy, and the fact that it is a protected area on private land, it has never been analyzed. To reveal the settlement, we primarily used a series of LiDAR mapping surveys to gather data and analyzed other open access remote sensing resources from the National Geographic Institute of Spain (IGN). The IGN LiDAR data proved to be of particular interest. These resources enabled us to detect an ancient fortress (El Viandar Castle) and its surrounding settlement. LiDAR, in conjunction with other products, was fundamental in identifying the site. Equally, the mapping surveys enabled us to analyze the limits and scope of the IGN airborne LiDAR and other free access remote sensing products. Our background in this research demonstrates that low-cost products applied to LiDAR research in archaeology have major limitations when it is necessary to have a high level of spatial resolution in order to define the layout and the main components of an archaeological site

Generalized Hörmander conditions and weighted endpoint estimates

We consider two-weight estimates for singular integral operators and their commutators with bounded mean oscillation functions. Hörmander type conditions in the scale of Orlicz spaces are assumed on the kernels. We prove weighted weak-type estimates for pairs of weights (u, Su) where u is an arbitrary nonnegative function and S is a maximal operator depending on the smoothness of the kernel. We also obtain sufficient conditions on a pair of weights (u, v) for the operators to be bounded from Lp(v) to Lp,∞(u). One-sided singular integrals, as the differential transform operator, are under study. We also provide applications to Fourier multipliers and homogeneous singular integrals.Ministerio de Ciencia y TecnologíaJunta de AndalucíaMinisterio de Educación y CienciaUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid / Comunidad de MadridConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Argentina)Secretaría de Ciencia y Tecnología (Universidad Nacional de Córdoba

Factores que influyen en el control de la presión intraocular postrabeculectomía en Pinar del Río

Introducción: la trabeculectomía continúa siendo la cirugía incisional más utilizada para controlar la presión intraocular en pacientes glaucomatosos. Objetivo: describir los factores que influyen en el control de la presión intraocular postrabeculectomía. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal prospectivo en 91 trabeculectomizados del Hospital General Docente “Abel Santamaría Cuadrado” durante los años 2012 a 2015 y se describió control de la presión intraocular según variables que pudieron influir en este resultado, a través de la estadística descriptiva y el test de chi cuadrado. Resultados: los casos con control adecuado presentaron ausencia de antecedentes oculares (88,6 %), estadio moderado de la enfermedad (65,7 %), presión intraocular previa ≤ 30 mmHg (72,9 %) y ausencia de complicaciones posoperatorias (84,3 %). Con control relativamente adecuado o no adecuado predominaron los pacientes masculinos (92,9 % y 57,1 % respectivamente), con color de piel no blanca (85,7 %), antecedentes de trabeculectomía (57,1 %), daño avanzado y presión intraocular previa > 30 mmHg (85,7 %). Conclusiones: entre los factores que influyen en el control adecuado de la presión intraocular estuvieron los antecedentes oculares negativos, presión intraocular previa menor o igual a 30 mmHg y ausencia de complicaciones posoperatorias mientras que para un control relativamente adecuado o inadecuado influyeron el sexo masculino, color de piel no blanca, antecedente de trabeculectomía previa, daño glaucomatoso avanzado y presión intraocular previa mayor de 30 mmHg

Factors influencing the progression of primary angular closure following Laser peripheral iridotomy

Introducción: los efectos de la iridotomía periférica láser están demostrados, sin embargo, no siempre logra controlar la presión intraocular ni la progresión de la enfermedad por cierre angular primario.Objetivo: analizar los factores que influyen en la progresión de la enfermedad por cierre angular primario de pacientes pinareños tratados con iridotomía periférica láser.Método: se realizó un estudio analítico de cohorte retrospectivo en el servicio de Oftalmología del Hospital General Docente Abel Santamaría, de Pinar del Río, durante el año 2019. El universo estuvo constituido por pacientes con diagnóstico de enfermedad por cierre angular primario tratados con iridotomía periférica láser. La muestra final quedó integrada por 223 ojos de 123 pacientes. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el programa SPSS.Resultados: el 20,6 % de la muestra experimentó progresión de la enfermedad, lo que se relacionó de forma significativa con la forma clínica (p<0,001), la edad (p=0,012), la amplitud de la cámara anterior (p<0,001), el cierre angular residual (p<0,001), la presión intraocular (p<0,001) y la medicación hipotensora (p<0,001). No arrojó diferencias significativas el sexo (p=0,427), el color de la piel (p=0,741) y la longitud axial (p=0,549).Conclusión: los factores que influyen en la progresión de la enfermedad por cierre angular primario de los pacientes pinareños tratados con iridotomía periférica láser estudiados fueron la forma clínica, menor amplitud de la cámara anterior, presencia de cierre angular residual y presión intraocular superior a 18 mmHg con uso de mayor número de colirios hipotensores oculares.ABSTRACTIntroduction: the effects of Laser peripheral iridotomy have been demonstrated; however it does not always manage to control intraocular pressure or the progression of the disease by primary angular closure.Objective: to analyze the factors influencing the disease progression by primary angular closure in Pinar del Rio patients treated with Laser peripheral iridotomy.Methods: a retrospective analytical cohort study was carried out in the Ophthalmology Service at Abel Santamaria Cuadrado General Teaching Hospital in Pinar del Río, during 2019. The target group comprised the patients diagnosed with primary angular closure disease treated with Laser peripheral iridotomy and the final sample consisted of 223 eyes from 123 patients. The statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS program.Results: of the sample (20.6%) experienced disease progression, which was significantly related to the clinical form (p<0.001), age (p=0.012), anterior chamber amplitude (p<0.001), residual angular closure (p<0.001), intraocular pressure (p<0.001) and hypotensive medication (p<0.001). Sex (p=0.427), skin color (p=0.741) and axial length (p=0.549) did not show significant differences.Conclusions: factors influencing on the progression of the disease by primary angular closure in Pinar del Rio patients who were treated with Laser peripheral iridotomy were: the clinical form, lower anterior chamber amplitude, presence of residual angular closure and intraocular pressure higher than 18 mmHg with the use of more ocular hypotensive eye drops.

ACE16K: The Third Generation of Mixed-Signal SIMD-CNN ACE Chips Toward VSoCs

Today, with 0.18-μm technologies mature and stable enough for mixed-signal design with a large variety of CMOS compatible optical sensors available and with 0.09-μm technologies knocking at the door of designers, we can face the design of integrated systems, instead of just integrated circuits. In fact, significant progress has been made in the last few years toward the realization of vision systems on chips (VSoCs). Such VSoCs are eventually targeted to integrate within a semiconductor substrate the functions of optical sensing, image processing in space and time, high-level processing, and the control of actuators. The consecutive generations of ACE chips define a roadmap toward flexible VSoCs. These chips consist of arrays of mixed-signal processing elements (PEs) which operate in accordance with single instruction multiple data (SIMD) computing architectures and exhibit the functional features of CNN Universal Machines. They have been conceived to cover the early stages of the visual processing path in a fully-parallel manner, and hence more efficiently than DSP-based systems. Across the different generations, different improvements and modifications have been made looking to converge with the newest discoveries of neurobiologists regarding the behavior of natural retinas. This paper presents considerations pertaining to the design of a member of the third generation of ACE chips, namely to the so-called ACE16k chip. This chip, designed in a 0.35-μm standard CMOS technology, contains about 3.75 million transistors and exhibits peak computing figures of 330 GOPS, 3.6 GOPS/mm2 and 82.5 GOPS/W. Each PE in the array contains a reconfigurable computing kernel capable of calculating linear convolutions on 3×3 neighborhoods in less than 1.5 μs, imagewise Boolean combinations in less than 200 ns, imagewise arithmetic operations in about 5 μs, and CNN-like temporal evolutions with a time constant of about 0.5 μs. Unfortunately, the many ideas underlying the design of this chip cannot be covered in a single paper; hence, this paper is focused on, first, placing the ACE16k in the ACE chip roadmap and, then, discussing the most significant modifications of ACE16K versus its predecessors in the family.LOCUST IST2001—38 097VISTA TIC2003—09 817 - C02—01Office of Naval Research N000 140 210 88

Epidemiología del cierre angular primario en Pinar del Río

Introduction: the clinic behavior of primary angular closure can range from suspected disease to advanced stages of glaucomatous damage, which can lead to blindness.Objective: to describe the epidemiology of primary angular closure in Pinar del Río patients by identifying the socio-demographic and ocular variables that determine its clinical type.Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study was performed in Pinar del Río from 2013 to 2017. The target group consisted of 293 new cases with a diagnosis of primary angular closure in any of its clinical types. The statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS program.Results: mean age was 57.69 ± 7.35 years; women predominated (89.5 %) and 77.2 % evidenced a stressful situation. The average values of axial length and anterior chamber width were 21.89 ± 0.49 mm and 2.65 ± 0.27 mm. 87.03 % of the eyes showed a narrow angle. The mean basal intraocular pressure was 23.86 ± 5.81. When analyzing the socio-demographic and ocular variables in relation to the clinical type, it was found that the factors that determine its onset were: age (p<0.001), angular amplitude (p<0.001), peripheral anterior synechia (p<0.001) and intraocular pressure (p<0.001). Linear regression analysis confirmed these results.Conclusion: primary angular closure is common in middle-aged women under stress; with small eyes, camerular angle and narrow anterior chamber. Age, angular amplitude, peripheral anterior synechiae, and basal intraocular pressure determine the clinical type of the disease.Introducción: la clínica del cierre angular primario puede variar desde una sospecha de la enfermedad hasta estadios avanzados del daño glaucomatoso, lo que puede provocar ceguera.Objetivo: describir la epidemiología del cierre angular primario en pacientes pinareños, una vez identificadas las variables sociodemográficas y oculares que determinan su forma clínica.Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en Pinar del Río, en los años 2013 y 2017, el universo estuvo constituidos por 293 casos nuevos con diagnóstico de cierre angular primario en cualquiera de sus formas clínicas. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el programa SPSS.Resultados: la edad media fue 57,69 ± 7,35 años; predominaron las mujeres (89,5 %) y el 77,2 % evidenció una situación de estrés. Los valores promedio de longitud axial y amplitud de cámara anterior fueron 21,89 ± 0,49 mm y 2,65 ± 0,27 mm. El 87,03 % de los ojos mostró ángulo estrecho. La media de la presión intraocular basal fue de 23,86 ± 5,81. Al analizar las variables sociodemográficas y oculares en relación a la forma clínica, se encontró que los factores que la determinan fueron: edad (p<0,001), amplitud angular (p<0,001), sinequias anteriores periféricas (p<0,001) y presión intraocular (p<0,001). El análisis de regresión lineal confirmó estos resultados.Conclusión: el cierre angular primario es frecuente en mujeres de mediana edad sometidas a estrés; con ojos pequeños, ángulo camerular y cámara anterior estrecha. La edad, amplitud angular, sinequias anteriores periféricas y presión intraocular basal, determinan la forma clínica de la enfermedad

Prevalencia y factores de riesgo para el pterigium en la población de "Hebi": Henan provincia, China 2009 / Prevalence and risk factors for pterygium in the population of "Hebi" Henan province, China 2009

Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas y los factores epidemiológicos del pterigium y  propiciar las estrategias que permitan el control de estas causas en los pobladores de la provincia de Henan, República Popular de China. Método: se realizó una investigación observacional, descriptiva y transversal, teniendo como universo a 3940 pacientes con un diagnóstico presuntivo de pterigium en el pesquisaje activo casa a casa, en el período abril de 2008 a enero de 2009, de los cuales se tomaron como muestra 415, que acudieron a la consulta de evaluación en el Hospital de Hebi. Resultados: el sexo femenino con el 53%, el grupo de edades entre 31 y 50 años y los campesinos predominaron en el estudio. El grado II, primario y activo, la localización nasal y el tipo carnoso fueron preponderantes. El film lagrimal se afectó en el 57,5% de los casos estudiados con una afectación de la córnea en el 55,9%. Conclusiones: se encontró una fuerte conexión entre la hiposecreción lagrimal, alteraciones corneales y la presencia de pterigium en dependencia del grado de la dolencia, que permitirá establecer protocolos personalizados en la conducta para cada paciente que tenga esta enfermedad.Palabras clave: PTERIGION/epidemiología, SECRECIONES CORPORALES.ABSTRACTObjective: to describe clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pterygium to favor the strategies to control the causes of the disease in Henan province, People's Republic of China. Method: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional research was carried out having a target group of 3940 patients with a presumptive diagnosis of pterygium in an active screening "house to house" during April 2008 to January 2009 taking a sample of 415 patients attending to "Hebi" Hospital. Results: female sex (53%), the age bracket of 31-50 years old and farmers prevailed in the study. Pterygium of degree II, primary and active, having nasal location and fleshy type was predominant. Lachrymal film affected the 57, 5% of the cases in study and 55,9% presented corneal affection. Conclusions: a strong connection was found among lachrymal hyposecretion, corneal alterations and the presence of pterygium depending on the degree of ailment; which will allow establishing personalized protocols in the conduct to be followed for each patient who suffers the disease.Key words: PTERYGIUM/epidemiology, BODILY SECRETIONS

Experimental assessment of ignition characteristics of lubricating oil sprays related to low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI)

This is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in International Journal of Engine Research. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published as https://doi.org/10.1177/14680874211013268[EN] Low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI) remains one of the challenges of Direct Injection (DI) Spark Ignition (SI) engines due to its potential to induce a heavy knock. Several mechanisms have been identified in the literature as plausible causes for LSPI. The physical and chemical properties of lubricant oils play a role on some of these causes. The present work aims at getting an independent procedure to determine the proneness of lubricant oils to ignite. To this end, the ignition delay (ID) of different oil formulations is experimentally determined in a constant-pressure flow facility through two different optical techniques: Schlieren and OH* chemiluminescence imaging. The investigation explores the effect of base-stock formulation, oil specification quality level, different additive types content, aging, and oxidation on oil reactivity for several thermodynamic conditions. Differences in ignition delay were found among base stocks, correlating with the American Petroleum Institute (API) group classification. However, no significant differences were found among additive packages previously reported to yield different LSPI occurrences. Hence, differences in reactivity among lubricating oil formulations are not the determining factor explaining their different LSPI occurrences in an engine. Similarly, specific lubricant additive content, aging, and oxidation do not importantly modify the measured ignition delay.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Part of the experimental hardware used in this work was purchased through funds obtained from IDIFEDER/2018/037 ``Diagnostico optico a alta velocidad para el estudio de procesos termo-fluidodinamicos en sistemas de inyeccion.''Tormos, B.; García-Oliver, JM.; Carreres, M.; Moreno-Montagud, C.; Domínguez, B.; Cárdenas, MD.; Oliva, F. (2022). Experimental assessment of ignition characteristics of lubricating oil sprays related to low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI). International Journal of Engine Research. 23(8):1327-1338. https://doi.org/10.1177/146808742110132681327133823

Clinical and genetic heterogeneity in retinitis pigmentosa patients in Pinar del Río. Importance of genetic counselling

Objetivo: determinar la variabilidad de la expresión clínica en la  presentación de la retinosis pigmentaria, así como el tipo de herencia con que se transmite en los enfermos y familias de los individuos ingresados en el servicio provincial de la enfermedad en Pinar del Rio, lo que permitirá aplicar una estrategia para el asesoramiento genético individual y familiar.  Material y método: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva, retrospectiva y transversal, teniendo como universo y muestra a los 259 pacientes con diagnóstico del padecimiento, de enero a septiembre del año 2012. Resultados: predominó el sexo masculino con 154 pacientes y el grupo de edades entre 40 y 59 años de edad con un 46,71 %.  De acuerdo a la clasificación cubana, prevalece el debut precoz, la herencia autosomica recesiva y la forma típica de presentación.  Resaltan el síndrome de Usher  como entidad asociada y 99 familias con herencia autosomica recesiva  y de ellas 38 son consanguíneas. Conclusiones: la gran heterogeneidad clínica y genética de la enfermedad ha generado que la estrategia de asesoramiento genético implique una personalización de cada paciente a la par de los grupos de apoyo mutuo.Introduction: retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a progressive, chronic and hereditary retinal degeneration, leading to blindness or visual disabilities without proper treatment. Objective: to determine the variability of clinical expression in retinosis pigmentosa, and also the type of heredity by which it is transmitted to sick people and the family of inpatients at the province service of the disease in Pinar del Río, which will allow to implement a strategy for individual and family genetic counselling. Material and method: a descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional research was made, having as target group and sample 259 patients diagnosed with the disease, registered in the province service, from January to September 2012. Results: male patients (154) and ages 40-49 years old (46.71%) predominated. According to the Cuban classification, early onset, stage one, autosomal recessive heredity, and the typical way of presentation prevailed. Usher syndrome stands out as an associated entity. It has been determined that the disease follows an autosomal recessive hereditary pattern, in 99 families, out of which consanguinity exists in 38. The limitations of these sick patients force to provide them with proper and precise information by means of genetic counselling services. Conclusions: the huge clinical and genetic heterogeneity of the disease has caused the genetic advice strategy to include the personalization of the process in accordance with each patient and family and the attachment of greater importance to the groups of mutual support