Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Dipyrone and acetaminophen: correct dosing by parents?

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Several studies in developed countries have documented that a significant percentage of children are given inappropriate doses of acetaminophen and ibuprofen. The objective of this paper was to investigate parents’ accuracy in giving dipyrone and acetaminophen to their children, in a poor region. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study at the pediatric emergency department of Instituto Materno-Infantil Prof. Fernando Figueira, a teaching hospital in Pernambuco. METHODS: The inclusion criteria were age between 3 and 36 months, main complaint of fever and at least one dose of dipyrone or acetaminophen given to the child during the 24 hours preceding their arrival at the emergency department. The mothers were asked for demographic information and about the antipyretic doses given, which were compared with the recommended dosage. RESULTS: Among the 200 patients studied, 117 received dipyrone and 83 received acetaminophen. Overall, 75 % received an incorrect dose of antipyretic. Of the patients who received dipyrone, 105 (89.7%) were given an incorrect dose; 16 (15.2%) received too little dipyrone, and 89 (84.8%) received too much. Of the patients who received acetaminophen, 45 (54.2%) were given an incorrect dose; 38 (84.4%) received too little acetaminophen, and 7 (15.6%) received too much. There were no differences in maternal and child characteristics between the groups receiving correct and incorrect doses of medication, except for the type of medication (dipyrone versus acetaminophen). CONCLUSIONS: Most of the children treated were given inappropriate doses, mainly dipyrone overdosing and acetaminophen underdosing

Associação de densidades populacionais de cenoura e alface no desempenho agronômico da cenoura em cultivo consorciado em faixa Association of carrot and lettuce planting densities on carrot agronomic performance in strip-intercropping system

O experimento foi realizado de junho a setembro de 2003, em área experimental da ESAM, para avaliar associações de densidades populacionais de cenoura e alface no desempenho agronômico da cenoura em sistema consorciado em faixa. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos completos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4 x 4 com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram resultantes da combinação de quatro populações de cenoura [100%; 80%; 60% e 40% população recomendada no cultivo solteiro (PRCS)] com quatro populações de alface (100%; 80%; 60% e 40% da PRCS). A PRCS da cenoura na região é de 500.000 plantas/ha e no cultivo da alface é de 250.000 plantas/ha. As cultivares de cenoura e alface plantadas, pertencentes aos grupos Brasília e Americana, foram, respectivamente, 'Brasília' e 'Tainá'. Na cenoura avaliou-se altura de plantas, massa seca da parte aérea e das raízes, produtividades total e comercial, e classificação de raízes. Não houve interação significativa entre as densidades populacionais da cenoura e de alface em qualquer uma das características avaliadas na cenoura. Não houve também efeito significativo do aumento dos níveis populacionais da alface em qualquer característica avaliada na cenoura. O aumento na densidade populacional da cenoura aumentou a altura de plantas da cenoura e diminui a massa seca da parte aérea e de raízes, e a percentagem de raízes classes longa e média, e refugo. O aumento na associação das densidades populacionais de cenoura e de alface aumentou a produtividade total e comercial da cenoura, além do aumento na percentagem de raízes classe curta.<br>An experiment was carried out from June to September 2003, in the field, in Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil. Associations of carrot (cv. Brasília) and lettuce (cv. Tainá) planting densities on carrot agronomic performance in strip-intercropping system were evaluated. The experimental design was of randomized complete blocks in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme with five replications. The treatments of the factorial consisted of the combination of four carrot-planting densities [100%; 80%; 60% and 40% of the recommended sole crop density (RSCD)] with four lettuce-planting densities (100%; 80%; 60% and 40% of the RSCD). The recommended planting density for the sole crop in the region is of 500.000 plants/ha for carrot and 250.000 plants/ha for lettuce. From the carrot crop we evaluated the plant height, shoot and root dry mass, total and commercial yield and classification of roots. No significant interaction between carrot densities and lettuce densities for any assessed trait in carrot crop was obtained. Also, no significant effect of increase in lettuce density was observed for any carrot-assessed trait. Plant height increased as carrot planting density increased, whereas shoot and root dry mass, and percentage of long and mean, and refused roots decreased with increasing of carrot density. As the association of carrot and lettuce planting densities increased, the total and commercial yield and percentage of short roots increased

UTILIZAÇÃO DE COMPOSTOS ORGÂNICOS NO CRESCIMENTO DE MUDAS DE PIMENTÃO

An experiment was carried out from September to November 2001 in the greenhouse of the Plant Science Departament of Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, to evaluate the use of different organic composts on growing of bell pepper seedlings. The experimental design used was of group balanced blocks with four replications. The groups of composts tested were: Plantmax, compost of cashew tree leaves and mixed compost. Within each group of compost was tested a mixture with sandy and/or soil. The cultivar of bell pepper used was All Big. Evaluations were made for number of leaves per plant, plant height, shoot fresh and dry matter, root length and root fresh and dry matter taken 25 days after sowing. Pure organic composts had the best performance on the growing of the bell pepper seedlings than those in mixture with sand and/on soil. Seedlings had better quality as cultivated in pure organic composts as compared to those in commercial substrate Plantimax

Chemical Composition, Nutritive Value, and Toxicological Evaluation of Bauhinia cheilantha Seeds: A Legume from Semiarid Regions Widely Used in Folk Medicine

Among the Bauhinia species, B. cheilantha stands out for its seed protein content. However, there is no record of its nutritional value, being used in a nonsustainable way in the folk medicine and for large-scale extraction of timber. The aim of this study was to investigate the food potential of B. cheilantha seeds with emphasis on its protein quality to provide support for flora conservation and use as raw material or as prototype for the development of bioproducts with high added socioeconomic value. B. cheilantha seeds show high protein content (35.9%), reasonable essential amino acids profile, low levels of antinutritional compounds, and nutritional parameters comparable to those of legumes widely used such as soybean and cowpea. The heat treatment of the seeds as well as the protein extraction process (to obtain the protein concentrate) increased the acceptance of diets by about 100% when compared to that of raw Bc diet. These wild legume seeds can be promising alternative source of food to overcome the malnutrition problem faced by low income people adding socioeconomic value to the species

Produção de melão Cantaloupe influenciado por coberturas do solo, agrotêxtil e lâminas de irrigação Melon yield and fruit quality as influenced by soil coverages, agrotextile and irrigation depth in dry season

Dois experimentos foram conduzidos simultaneamente em uma mesma área, no município de Baraúna (RN), de outubro a dezembro de 2003, com o objetivo de estudar o uso de cobertura do solo com filmes plásticos e lâminas de irrigação, bem como o uso de agrotêxtil, na produção de melão Cantaloupe. Em um experimento foi utilizado o agrotêxtil, enquanto no outro não. Em cada experimento estudou-se o efeito de cinco coberturas (solo descoberto, cobertura com plástico preto, prateado, amarelo e marrom) e três lâminas de irrigação (100%, 84% e 67% da lâmina padrão de 270 mm, L1), em esquema fatorial 5 x 3, no delineamento de blocos casualizados completos com duas repetições. Foram avaliados o número, massa média e produtividade de frutos comercializáveis (mercados interno e externo), refugos e totais. O uso do agrotêxtil aumentou o número de frutos e produtividade. Na ausência do agrotêxtil, a cobertura do solo com plástico amarelo aumentou a produtividade comercial em relação ao solo descoberto, enquanto que, na presença do agrotêxtil o plástico preto foi superior ao marrom, mas não diferiu do solo descoberto. A produção diminuiu com a redução da lâmina de irrigação. O uso do agrotêxtil associado ao uso de cobertura do solo com plástico preto ou solo descoberto apresentou maior viabilidade econômica.<br>Two experiments were carried out at the same time in Baraúna, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, from October to December 2004, to evaluate different soil coverages and irrigation depth as well as the use of agrotextile on the melon yield. In the first experiment the agrotextile was used, but not in the second one. Both experiments were designed in a 5 x 3 factorial scheme in randomized complete blocks with two replications. The treatments of the factorial consisted of the combination of five soil coverages (films of yellow, brown, black and silvered polyethylene, and no soil coverages) with three irrigation depths (100%, 84% and 67% of the standard water amount). The fruit number, mean fruit mass, marketable fruit yield, refused and total fruit yield were evaluated. The treatments with film of yellow polyethylene increased the marketable fruit yield in the absence of agrotextile. The fruit yield decreased with decreasing irrigation depths. The treatments with black polyethylene film or with nude soil associated with agrotextile had the best economic results

Produção e qualidade de melão amarelo influenciado por coberturas do solo e lâminas de irrigação no período chuvoso Yield and quality of yellow melon influenced by soil coverages and irrigation depth during rainfall period

O plantio de melão no período chuvoso tem sido um dos grandes desafios para os produtores da região do Nordeste brasileiro devido a problemas fitossanitários. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar os efeitos de cobertura do solo e de lâminas de irrigação na produção e na qualidade do melão amarelo híbrido "Goldex", no período chuvoso. O experimento foi desenvolvido na Fazenda Santa Júlia Agrocomercial Exportadora de Frutos Tropicais Ltda, no município de Mossoró-RN, no período de abril a julho de 2003. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos completos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos resultaram da combinação de cinco tipos de coberturas do solo (solo descoberto e coberturas do solo com plástico preto, prateado, amarelo e marrom) com três lâminas de irrigação (100%, 86% e 72% da lâmina padrão, esta equivalente a 238,4mm por ciclo). As características avaliadas foram número, massa média e produtividade de frutos comercializáveis (mercados interno e externo), refugos e totais, firmeza e espessura de polpa, relação de formato e teor de sólidos solúveis totais. Houve interação significativa entre os tipos de coberturas do solo e as lâminas de irrigação para a produtividade total. A maior produtividade de frutos comercializáveis e de conteúdo de sólidos solúveis totais foi registrada nas coberturas do solo com plástico. Os números de frutos comercializáveis, refugos e totais, bem como a produtividade de frutos comercializáveis e refugos, não foram afetados significativamente pelas lâminas de irrigação.<br>Growing a melon crop during the rainfall period has been a great challenge for producers from the north eastern Brazil due to crop sanitary problems. This work was aimed at evaluating the effects of soil coverages and irrigation depth on yield and quality of yellow melon (hybrid Goldex) during the rainfall period. The experiment was carried out at Fazenda Santa Júlia Agro-Comercial Exportadora de Frutos Tropicais Ltda, Mossoró-RN, Northeastern Brazil, during the period of April to July 2003. The experimental design was a randomized complete blocks with four replications. The treatments were the combinations of five soil coverages (soil with no coverage and coverages with polyethylene films - black, silvery, yellow, and brown) with three irrigation depth (100%, 86% and 72% of the standard lamina, this equivalent to 238.44mm). The traits evaluated were number, mean weight and yield of marketable (internal and external markets), refuse and total fruits, pulp firmness and thickness, fruit shape index, and soluble solids content. Interaction between soil coverage types and irrigation depth was significant with regard to total fruit yield. The greatest marketable fruit yields and soluble solids contents were obtained with the use of polyethylene soil coverages. The numbers of marketable, refuse and total fruits, as well as the yields of marketable and refuse fruits were not significantly affected by the irrigation depth