19 research outputs found
Capacidad de dos especies vegetativas en la acumulación de metales pesados
Habitat fragmentation allows for vegetative species to be used as indicators of environmental
pollution by heavy metals. Considering the distribution of Prosopis laevigata
(mesquite) and Schinus molle (pepper tree) heavy metal concentrations were determined
as potential indicators of environmental impact assessment for agricultural and livestock,
rural settlement, commercial and service, urban settlement and mining land uses. A total
of 30 sampling points were established during summer, autumn, winter and spring, based
on the presence of the two species. Applying the technique of ICP-MS, concentrations of
Al, As, Co, Cu, Cd, Pb, Ti, V and Zn were determined. With a statistic model the interactions
between species, type of land use and season with respect to the concentration of these
minerals in the leaf material were determined. Results indicated that the presence of heavy
metals is determined by the effect of the species, land use and season, and the possible
association between these. The specie of mesquite was the most efficient for bioaccumulation
of Pb, Co and Al. In the same way, the pepper tree was more efficient with respect to
Ti. On one hand, trees located in the mining land use showed the highest concentrations
of Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Co and As. On the other hand, the spring season presented the highest
concentration of Cu, Zn, Co, Ti and V. With that, it could be demonstrated that As, Co, Cd,
Pb, Ti and Zn concentrations were above the normal limit. Therefore, the dynamics and
functionality, environmental factors and physiological differences to develop physicalchemical
processes in the absorption and transport of these elements towards the leaves
are a determining factor of vegetative species placed under conditions of fragmentation,
are good elements for surveying on pollution and environmental impact.La fragmentación del hábitat permite aprovechar especies vegetativas como indicadoras
de contaminación ambiental por metales pesados. Considerando la distribución
de Prosopis laevigata (mezquite) y Schinus molle (pirul) se determinaron las concentraciones
de metales pesados en material foliar para evaluar el impacto ambiental de los
usos de suelo agropecuario, residencial rural, comercial y servicio, residencial urbano
y minero. Fueron establecidos 30 puntos de muestro durante las estaciones de verano,
otoño, invierno y primavera, basados en la presencia de las dos especies. Aplicando la
Técnica ICP-MS fueron determinadas las concentraciones de Al, As, Co, Cu, Cd, Pb, Ti, V
y Zn. Con un ANOVA se probaron las interacciones entre especie, tipo de uso de suelo y
estación con respecto a la concentración de estos minerales en material foliar. Los resultados
indicaron que la presencia de metales pesados está condicionada por el efecto
de la especie, uso de suelo y la estación, así como la posible asociación entre estos. El
mezquite resultó ser más eficiente en la bioacumulación de Pb, Co y Al. En el caso del
pirul solo fue más eficiente con respecto al Ti. Los árboles ubicados en el uso de suelo
minero obtuvieron las mayores concentraciones de Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Co y As. Por otra parte,
la estación de primavera incidió en la mayor concentración de Cu, Co, Ti y V. Con esto se
pudo demostrar que As, Co, Cd, Pb Ti y Zn presentaron concentraciones arriba del límite
normal en material foliar. Por lo tanto, la dinámica y funcionalidad, factores ambientales
y diferencias fisiológicas para desarrollar procesos físico-químicos en la absorción y
transporte de estos elementos hacia las hojas son un factor determinante de las especies
vegetativas situadas bajo condición de fragmentación, lo que contribuye ser un buen
elemento de estudio de la contaminación y evaluación del impacto ambiental.Fil: Alcalá Jáuregui, Jorge.
Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Rodríguez Ortíz, Juan C..
Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Hernández Montoya, Alejandra.
Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Filippini, María Flavia.
Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasFil: Martínez Carretero, Eduardo.
Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas Fil: Diaz Flores, Paola Elizabeth.
Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Facultad de Agronomí
Bark of P. laevigata (Fabaceae) and S. molle (Anacardiaceae) as bioindicator of heavy metal contamination
La corteza arbórea constituye un elemento viable para diagnosticar la contaminación
por metales pesados. Fue evaluada la presencia de once metales pesados en corteza de P. laevigata "mezquite" y S. molle "pirul" como indicador de impacto ambiental en San Luis Potosí, México. Basado en la presencia de estas dos especies sobre un sistema fragmentado por usos de suelo agropecuario, asentamiento rural, comercial y servicio, asentamiento urbano y minero, se tomó muestras de corteza durante las estaciones de verano, otoño, invierno y primavera. Se aplicó la técnica ICP-MS y se determinó las concentraciones de Al, As, Co, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Ti, V y Zn, diseñando un modelo General Lineal para su análisis. Los resultados indicaron concentraciones promedio de Ni>Al>Z >Pb>Cu>As>Ti>V>Cd>Cr>Co. La presencia de metales pesados fue condicionada por el efecto de la especie, uso de suelo y la temporada, así como la relación entre estos factores. Las cortezas de S. molle resultaron tener mayores concentraciones de Al, As, Co, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb y Ti. En otoño se presentaron las mayores concentraciones de Al, Cu, Cr, Co y Ni.
El uso de suelo para asentamiento urbano presentó las mayores concentraciones de Al, Co, Cr, Ni, Ti y V y el uso de suelo minero las de Cu, Cd, Zn y Pb. Se demuestra el potencial bioindicador de la corteza de ambas especies. Se sugiere continuar realizando estudios que permitan ampliar el conocimiento de las condiciones ambientales de la zona.The tree bark is a valuable component to diagnose heavy metal air pollution. In bark
of P. laevigata and S. molle presence of eleven heavy metals was evaluated, as indicator of environmental impact in San Luis Potosí, México. Based on the presence of both species on a soil system fragmented agricultural uses, rural settlements, trade and services, urban settlements and mineral uses, bark samples were taken during summer, autumn, winter and spring seasons. In each species thirty exemplars were sampled. Concentrations of Al, As, Co, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Ti, V and Zn were determined by applying the ICP-MS technique, and for data analysis the General lineal model was applied. Results indicated that the average concentrations vary according to Ni> Al> Zn> Pb > Cu> As> Ti> V> Cd> Cr> Co. The presence of heavy metals was determined by the species effect, land use and season, and the relationship between these factors. The pepper tree bark was found to have higher concentrations of Al, As, Co, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb and Ti. The highest concentrations
of Al, Cu, Cr, Co and Ni were in the fall season. The urban settlement showed
higher concentrations of Al, Co, Cr, Ni, Ti and V; meanwhile in the mining soil use Cu,
Cd, Zn and Pb were relevant. The potential bio-indicator value of bark of both species
was evidenced. Consequently, it is convenient to continue with these studies to increase knowledge of the environmental conditions of the San Luis Potosí.Fil: Alcalá Jáuregui, Jorge.
Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Rodríguez Ortíz, Juan C..
Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Hernández Montoya, Alejandra.
Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Díaz Flores, Paola Elisabeth.
Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Filippini, María Flavia.
Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasFil: Martínez Carretero, Eduardo.
Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas <IADIZA
Sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate impact on soil bacterial diversity in greenhouse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) crop
The constant use of sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate (metam sodium: MS) in protected agriculture in México has attracted the attention of researchers and producers on their effects on the environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of MS on the bacterial community structure in an agricultural soil with tomato crop (Solanum lycopersicum L.) considering the different phenological stages of the crop. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, with a completely randomized block design with two treatments: 1) without MS and 2) with application of 400 L·ha-1 of MS. For the determination of the bacterial structure, the biodiversity indexes of richness (S), diversity (H') and equity (J'), identification of operational taxonomic units (OTU) were used through the T-RFLP technique. Application of MS in soil showed no significant effect on bacterial richness. However, the application of MS does alter the structure of the bacterial community (H' and J') in each of the tomato phenological stages. Finally, future studies which include the evaluation of the effects of MS on the physiology of intensive crops and functions in the different soil types are need.The constant use of sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate (metam sodium: MS) in protected agriculture in México has attracted the attention of researchers and producers on their effects on the environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of MS on the bacterial community structure in an agricultural soil with tomato crop (Solanum lycopersicum L.) considering the different phenological stages of the crop. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, with a completely randomized block design with two treatments: 1) without MS and 2) with application of 400 L·ha-1 of MS. For the determination of the bacterial structure, the biodiversity indexes of richness (S), diversity (H') and equity (J'), identification of operational taxonomic units (OTU) were used through the T-RFLP technique. Application of MS in soil showed no significant effect on bacterial richness. However, the application of MS does alter the structure of the bacterial community (H' and J') in each of the tomato phenological stages. Finally, future studies which include the evaluation of the effects of MS on the physiology of intensive crops and functions in the different soil types are need
Heavy metals as an indicator of ecological impact of a fragmented land uses, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
La necesidad de estudiar la presencia
de metales pesados en el suelo radica en su
impacto como indicador de contaminación
ambiental. Se determinó la presencia de Cu,
Zn, Pb y Cd en suelos donde se distribuyen
especies vegetales en un corredor ecológico.
Entre los municipios de Soledad de Graciano
Sánchez y San Luis Potosí (México) fueron
establecidos 30 puntos distribuidos en cinco
prácticas dominantes de usos de suelo:
agropecuario, residencial rural, comercio y
servicios, residencial urbano y minero. Los
muestreos se realizaron en cuatro épocas
durante 2009 y 2010 (verano, otoño, invierno y
primavera). Se encontró un efecto significativo
del uso del suelo en cuanto a los niveles de
Cu (p = 0,000), Pb (p = 0,043) y Cd (p = 0,010).
En el caso del Zn, el uso del suelo (p = 0,000)
y la estación (p = 0,059) fueron significativos.
El uso del suelo minero mostró las mayores
concentraciones de metales y el agrícola las
menores. Los niveles de los cuatro metales se
encuentran en el rango marcado como alto por
la EPA y por otras fuentes técnicas. En el caso
de Pb y Cd no rebasan los estándares NOM-147-
SEMARNAT-SSA1. Estos resultados reflejan
el potencial indicativo del uso del suelo en la
evaluación de la calidad ambiental, sin embargo,
se requiere continuar con un monitoreo de
metales pesados en la zona.The need to study the presence of heavy
metals in the soil lies on their impact as a indicator
of environmental pollution. Therefore, it was
determined the presence of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd
in soils where plant species were distributed in
an ecological corridor. Among the municipalities
of Soledad Graciano Sanchez and San Luis
Potosi (Mexico), 30 points were established,
distributed in five land uses: agricultural , rural
residential, trade and services, urban residential
and mining. Sampling was conducted from
2009 to 2010 (summer, fall, winter and spring).
A significant effect of land use was found in
terms of Cu (p = 0.000), Pb (p = 0.043) and
Cd (p = 0.010). In the case of Zn both the land
use (p = 0.000) and season (p = 0.059) had
significant effects. It is emphasized that mining
land use presented the highest concentrations
of the studied metals and agricultural land use
the lowest. The levels of four metals are in the
range marked like high by the EPA and other
technical sources. The levels of Pb and Cd do not
exceed the NOM-147-SEMARNAT-SSA1. These
results reflect the indicative potential of the soil
and its consideration for future to evaluate the
habitat of plant species. These results reflect the
potential indicative land use in the assessment
of environmental quality, however, requires
continued monitoring of heavy metals in the area.Fil: Alcalá Jáuregui, Jorge.
Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Ávila Castorena, Cecilia.
Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Rodríguez Ortíz, Juan C..
Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Hernández Montoya, Alejandra.
Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Beltrán Morales, F. Alfredo.
Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur (México)Fil: Rodríguez Fuentes, Humberto.
Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (México). Facultad de Agronomía.Fil: Loya Ramírez, J. Guadalupe.
Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur (México
Vegetative as bioindicators of heavy metals in a semiarid system
Evaluar la contaminación por metales
pesados en los ecosistemas permite conocer la
capacidad bioindicativa de especies vegetativas.
El objetivo fue determinar la concentración
de metales pesados en Prosopis laevigata,
Acacia spp. y Schinus molle bajo el efecto de
usos suelo y temporalidad. El área se sitúa en
la colindancia de los Municipios de Soledad
de Graciano Sánchez y San Luis Potosí
fragmentada por usos de suelo: agropecuario,
comercio y servicios, residencial urbano y
minero. Fueron tomadas muestras de hojas de
las tres especies en las estaciones de verano,
otoño, invierno y primavera y se evaluó la
concentración de metales pesados a través de
la técnica de ICP-MS. Los análisis estadísticos
indicaron niveles de Aluminio (Al) > Cinc (Zn) >
Plomo (Pb) > Cobre (Cu) > Titanio (Ti) >
Vanadio (V) > Arsénico (As) > Cromo (Cr) >
Cadmio (Cd) > Cobalto (Co). Los elementos
Al, As, Cd, Cr, Pb y Ti presentaron niveles por
encima del umbral normal en vegetación. El
uso de suelo tuvo efecto significativo con Al,
Ti, Cd, As y Pb; los árboles ubicados en los
usos de suelo minero, comercio y servicios
tuvieron la mayor concentración. La especie
tuvo efecto significativo con Al y Pb siendo
Acacia spp. el que presentó la mayor capacidad
de acumulación. La temporada del año impactó
significativamente en la acumulación de As, Cd,
Co, Cu, Cr y Ti en las tres especies. La dinámica
antropogénica de los diferentes usos de suelo
genera partículas y residuos con metales
pesados impactando en la disponibilidad
y acumulación en las especies evaluadas.
Se contribuye a evaluar el impacto ambiental
en el sistema fragmentado recomendando dar
continuidad a este tipo de estudios.The evaluation of pollution by heavy metals
on ecosystems can determine the bioindicative
capacity of plant species. The presence of
heavy metals was determined in Prosopis
laevigata, Acacia spp. and Schinus molle under
the effect of different of land uses and seasons.
The area is located near of the municipalities
of Soledad de Graciano Sánchez and San
Luis Potosi which has fragmented land use
such as: agriculture, commercial and services,
urban residential and mining. Samples were
taken from leaves of the three species during
summer, autumn, winter and spring to assess
the concentrations of heavy metals through
the technique of ICP-MS. Statistical analyzes
showed levels of Aluminum (Al) > Zinc (Zn)
> Lead (Pb) > Copper (Cu) > Titanium (Ti) >
Vanadium (V) > Arsenic (As) > Chromium (Cr)
> Cadmium (Cd) > Cobalt (Co). The elements
Al, As, Cd, Cr, Pb and Ti had levels above the
normal threshold in vegetation. Land use had a
significant effect with Al, Ti, Cd, As and Pb having
the trees being located in the land with mining
and commercial and services use the greater
concentrations. The species had a significant
effect on Al and Pb with Acacia spp., having
the largest storage capacity. The season of the
year significantly impacted the accumulation of
As, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr and Ti in the three species.
The anthropogenic dynamics of different land
uses generated waste particles and residues
of heavy metals, impacting the availability and
accumulation in the species evaluated. This
study contribute to evaluate the environmental
impact in the system with a fragmented land
use and the continuation of this type of studies
is recommended.Fil: Alcalá Jáuregui, Jorge.
Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Rodríguez Ortíz, Juan C..
Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Villaseñor Zuñiga, María Elena.
Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Hernández Montoya, Alejandra.
Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: García Arreola, María Elena.
Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Beltrán Morales, F. Alfredo.
Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur (México)Fil: Rodríguez Fuentes, Humberto.
Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (México). Facultad de Agronomía
Effect of poultry manure and biosolid mixed with European turbe for cucurbit seedling production
En México, la turba de Sphagnum (peat moss), es el principal sustrato utilizado para la
producción de plántulas de hortalizas en bandeja de poliestireno, su precio es elevado por ser
de importación, lo que hace necesario estudiar alternativas de menor costo. Por lo anterior,
se propone mezclar la turba con materiales orgánicos de origen local como la gallinaza
(G) y biosólido (B) para producir plántulas de pepino (Cucumis sativus L.) y calabacita
(Cucurbita pepo L.). Ocho mezclas de material orgánico-turba fueron evaluadas para cada
especie: 1) 4% G + 96% turba; 2) 8% G + 92% turba; 3) 12% G + 88% turba; 4) 16% G +
84% turba; 5) 4% B + 96% turba; 6) 8% B + 92% turba; 7) 12% B + 88% turba; 8) 16% B
+ 84% turba, el tratamiento testigo fue 100% turba. En los resultados se destaca, en pepino,
la mezcla con 16% de biosólido que afectó positivamente en unidades SPAD (Soil Plant
Analysis Development), diámetro de tallo y área foliar, mientras que la mezcla con 12% de
gallinaza aumentó peso seco de parte aérea y total (P ≤ 0,05). En calabacita, la mezcla con 16%
de gallinaza incrementó área foliar (P ≤ 0,05). En las variables de altura, peso seco de raíz y
balance de plántula no se encontraron diferencias significativas en ambas especies y mezclas.
Se concluye que mezclas de turba europea (peat moss) con gallinaza o biosólido, son una importante
alternativa técnica y económica para la producción de plántulas en pepino y calabacita.In Mexico, Sphagnum turbe (peat moss) is the main substrate used for the production
of vegetable seedlings in polystyrene trays. It is imported and thus has an elevated price,
therefore some lower cost alternatives need to be addressed. This work proposes a
mixture of peat with local organic materials as poultry manure (PM) and biosolid (B) to
produce cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) seedlings. Eight
mixtures of organic material-peat were evaluated for each species: 1) 4% PM + 96%
peat; 2) 8% PM + 92% peat; 3) 12% PM + 88% peat; 4) 16% PM + 84% peat; 5) 4% B +
96% peat; 6) 8% B + 92% peat; 7) 12% B + 88% peat; 8) 16% B + 84% peat, and 100%
peat as control. Compared with the control, the mixture with 16% of biosolid affected
positively SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development) units, stem diameter and leaf area
in cucumber seedlings, while the mixture with 12% of poultry manure increased aerial
and total dry weight (P ≤ 0.05). In zucchini, the mixture with 16% of poultry manure
increased leaf area (P ≤ 0.05). No significant differences were found in height, root dry
weight and seedling balance in both species and mixtures. We concluded that use of
peat moss mixed with poultry manure or biosolid represents an important technical and
economic alternative for cucumber and zucchini seedling production.Fil: Carballo Méndez, Fernando de Jesús.
Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Rodríguez Ortiz, Juan Carlos.
Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: García Hernández, José Luis.Fil: Alcalá Jáuregui, Jorge Alonso.
Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Preciado Rangel, Pablo.
Instituto Tecnológico de Torreón (México)Fil: Rodríguez Fuentes, Humberto.
Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (México). Facultad de Agronomía.Fil: Villarreal Guerrero, Federico.
Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Facultad de Agronomí
Contaminación por metales pesados en sedimentos de un área ribereña en San Luis Paotosí, México
The aim of this study was to determine the presence of heavy metal in sediments of a fragmented riparian area, as an indicator of environmental pollution in San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Eleven sampling points, including four different land uses were established: Pond, Agriculture, Livestock and Rural Settlement. Sediment samples were taken during the seasons of spring, summer and autumn 2010, and winter 2011. The technique of ICP-MS was used to determine Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn data analysis was performed with Minitab®. Land use has an effect on the accumulation of Cu, Zn and Cd, with the agricultural area containing the highest concentrations. The season was a significant factor for concentrations of Zn, Cd and Pb, emphasizing spring 2010 and autumn 2010, respectively. Significant correlations were found between Cu-Zn (r = 0.746), Pb-Cu (r = 0.635) and Cd-Zn (r = 0.720). The normal limits of Cu, Cd, Zn and Pb in sediments established by the Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines were exceeded. By using other scientific and technical sources, maximum levels of Cu, Cd and Pb were defined with a condition of high pollution. This condition is attributed to the land use change dynamics, to wastewater discharges, and urban, agricultural and livestock wastes. Thus, a further environmental assessment is recomended for the study area.Se determinó la presencia de metales pesados en sedimentos de un sistema ribereño fragmentado por usos de suelo como indicador de contaminación ambiental en San Luis Potosí, México. Se establecieron once puntos de muestreo considerando los usos de suelo: Estanque, agrícola, Asentamiento rural y Ganadero. Durante las estaciones de primavera, verano y otoño de 2010 e invierno 2011, se tomaron muestras de sedimentos. Se utilizó la técnica de ICP-MS para determinar Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn y los datos fueron analizados en Minitab®. El uso de suelo incide en la acumulación de Cu, Zn y Cd, siendo la zona agrícola la que cuenta con mayores concentraciones. La estación fue significativa respecto de las concentraciones de Zn, Cd y Pb, destacando primavera 2010 y otoño 2010 respectivamente. Asimismo, fueron encontradas correlaciones significativas entre Cu-Zn (r = 0,746), Pb-Cu (r = 0,635) y Cd-Zn (r = 0,720). Los límites normales de Cu, Cd, Zn y Pb en sedimentos establecidos por la Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines fueron rebasados. Con otras fuentes se definieron que los niveles máximos de Cu, Cd y Pb presentaron una condición alta de contaminación. Esta condición es atribuida a la dinámica de usos de suelo, descargas de aguas residuales, desechos sólidos urbanos, agrícolas y ganaderos, recomendándose continuar su evaluación ambiental
Metallic elements in foliar material and fruits of three tree species as bioindicators
This study aimed to determine the presence of metal elements in fruits and leaves of three tree species as bioindicators in San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Ninety fruit and 90 leaf samples (30 per tree species) were collected at five sites (agricultural, suburban, commercial and services, urban, and mining), using the site and the presence of P. laevigata, S. molle, and A. farnesiana as references. Total concentrations of 13 metal elements were determined using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The species were significantly affected by Co, As, and Pb (ANOVA, p≤0.05). Considering the land use and the species, the contents determined in the leaves and fruits of the three species had sufficient and phytotoxic contents of Al, Cd, Co, Ni, Mn, Ti, and Cr, and excessive ranges with the possible phytotoxic effect of As, Cu, Pb, Zn, V, and Fe. The A. farnesiana had the highest concentrations of 12 heavy metals analyzed (HM). The variation in total metal concentrations between leaves and fruits ranged from 84.70 to 99.06%, with V, As, and Cr being prominent. The functionality of these tree species as phytoremediators and bioindicators is reviewed to evaluate environmental impacts on land use.
Highlights
Tree species represent a potential bioindicator for studying environmental pollutants due to their ability to accumulate heavy metals.
The variation in total metal concentrations between leaves and fruits ranged from 84.70 to 99.06%
The contents determined in the leaves and fruits of the three species trees had sufficient and phytotoxic HM contents.
The tree species have phytoremediators capacity to evaluate environmental impacts and environmental contamination of land use.This study aimed to determine the presence of metal elements in fruits and leaves of three tree species as bioindicators in San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Ninety fruit and 90 leaf samples (30 per tree species) were collected at five sites (agricultural, suburban, commercial and services, urban, and mining), using the site and the presence of P. laevigata, S. molle, and A. farnesiana as references. Total concentrations of 13 metal elements were determined using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The species were significantly affected by Co, As, and Pb (ANOVA, p≤0.05). Considering the land use and the species, the contents determined in the leaves and fruits of the three species had sufficient and phytotoxic contents of Al, Cd, Co, Ni, Mn, Ti, and Cr, and excessive ranges with the possible phytotoxic effect of As, Cu, Pb, Zn, V, and Fe. The A. farnesiana had the highest concentrations of 12 heavy metals analyzed (HM). The variation in total metal concentrations between leaves and fruits ranged from 84.70 to 99.06%, with V, As, and Cr being prominent. The functionality of these tree species as phytoremediators and bioindicators is reviewed to evaluate environmental impacts on land use.
Highlights
Tree species represent a potential bioindicator for studying environmental pollutants due to their ability to accumulate heavy metals.
The variation in total metal concentrations between leaves and fruits ranged from 84.70 to 99.06%
The contents determined in the leaves and fruits of the three species trees had sufficient and phytotoxic HM contents.
The tree species have phytoremediators capacity to evaluate environmental impacts and environmental contamination of land use
Cortezas de Prosopis laevigata (Fabaceae) y Schinus molle (Anacardiaceae) como bioindicadoras de contaminación por metales pesados
The tree bark is a valuable component to diagnose heavy metal air pollution. In bark of P. laevigata and S. molle presence of eleven heavy metals was evaluated, as indicator of environmental impact in San Luis Potosí, México. Based on the presence of both species on a soil system fragmented agricultural uses, rural settlements, trade and services, urban settlements and mineral uses, bark samples were taken during summer, autumn, winter and spring seasons. In each species thirty exemplars were sampled. Concentrations of Al, As, Co, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Ti, V and Zn were determined by applying the ICP-MS technique, and for data analysis the General lineal model was applied. Results indicated that the average concentrations vary according to Ni> Al> Zn> Pb > Cu> As> Ti> V> Cd> Cr> Co. The presence of heavy metals was determined by the species effect, land use and season, and the relationship between these factors. The pepper tree bark was found to have higher concentrations of Al, As, Co, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb and Ti. The highest concentrations of Al, Cu, Cr, Co and Ni were in the fall season. The urban settlement showed higher concentrations of Al, Co, Cr, Ni, Ti and V; meanwhile in the mining soil use Cu, Cd, Zn and Pb were relevant. The potential bio-indicator value of bark of both species was evidenced. Consequently, it is convenient to continue with these studies to increase knowledge of the environmental conditions of the San Luis Potosí.La corteza arbórea constituye un elemento viable para diagnosticar la contaminación por metales pesados. Fue evaluada la presencia de once metales pesados en corteza de P. laevigata "mezquite" y S. molle "pirul" como indicador de impacto ambiental en San Luis Potosí, México. Basado en la presencia de estas dos especies sobre un sistema fragmentado por usos de suelo agropecuario, asentamiento rural, comercial y servicio, asentamiento urbano y minero, se tomó muestras de corteza durante las estaciones de verano, otoño, invierno y primavera. Se aplicó la técnica ICP-MS y se determinó las concentraciones de Al, As, Co, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Ti, V y Zn, diseñando un modelo General Lineal para su análisis. Los resultados indicaron concentraciones promedio de Ni>Al>Z n>Pb>Cu>As>Ti>V>Cd>Cr>Co. La presencia de metales pesados fue condicionada por el efecto de la especie, uso de suelo y la temporada, así como la relación entre estos factores. Las cortezas de S. molle resultaron tener mayores concentraciones de Al, As, Co, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb y Ti. En otoño se presentaron las mayores concentraciones de Al, Cu, Cr, Co y Ni. El uso de suelo para asentamiento urbano presentó las mayores concentraciones de Al,Co, Cr, Ni, Ti y V y el uso de suelo minero las de Cu, Cd, Zn y Pb. Se demuestra el potencial bioindicador de la corteza de ambas especies. Se sugiere continuar realizando estudios que permitan ampliar el conocimiento de las condiciones ambientales de la zona
Indicators of restoration strategies in land uses: metallic and non-metallic elements
Land management practices can have an impact on the environmental quality of soil and contribute to identifying the source of its pollution. The objective of this study was to determine presence of metallic and non-metallic elements as indicators of land use impact (livestock management, restoration strategies and without management practices) in the Monte Caldera communal lands located in Cerro de San Pedro, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Eighteen samples were collected at depths of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm for each land use. Total concentrations of Zr, Sr, U, Th, Pb, As, Rb, Cr, V, Ti, Zn, and Cu were determined by X-ray fluorescence. Mean concentrations ranged in the following order: Ti>Zr>Rb>V>Sr>Zn>Cr>Pb> Cu>Th>U>As, with concentrations for Ti, Cr, Th, U and As exceeding technical reference values for phytotoxic soils. Significant differences were evidenced by ANOVA between land use (Th, Pb, Rb, Cu) and soil depth (U, Pb, and As). Land use practices associated with restoration resulted in a positive environmental impact. These findings underscore the need to conduct follow-up studies in the area and further examine the relationship of such practices with other environmental factors.
Highlights:
Soil management practices can affect the environmental quality of this resource and help diagnose the source of its contamination.
It is necessary to evaluate the Impact of land use on livestock management, restoration strategies, and without management or conservation areas.
By X-ray fluorescence technique the total concentration of Zr, Sr, U, Th, Pb, As, Rb, Cr, V, Ti, Zn, and Cu was determined.
Ti, Cr, Th, U and As exceed the technical reference values for consideration as phytotoxic in soils.
Land use associated with reclamation practices is an indicator of a positive influence on improving soil quality.Land management practices can have an impact on the environmental quality of soil and contribute to identifying the source of its pollution. The objective of this study was to determine presence of metallic and non-metallic elements as indicators of land use impact (livestock management, restoration strategies and without management practices) in the Monte Caldera communal lands located in Cerro de San Pedro, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Eighteen samples were collected at depths of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm for each land use. Total concentrations of Zr, Sr, U, Th, Pb, As, Rb, Cr, V, Ti, Zn, and Cu were determined by X-ray fluorescence. Mean concentrations ranged in the following order: Ti>Zr>Rb>V>Sr>Zn>Cr>Pb> Cu>Th>U>As, with concentrations for Ti, Cr, Th, U and As exceeding technical reference values for phytotoxic soils. Significant differences were evidenced by ANOVA between land use (Th, Pb, Rb, Cu) and soil depth (U, Pb, and As). Land use practices associated with restoration resulted in a positive environmental impact. These findings underscore the need to conduct follow-up studies in the area and further examine the relationship of such practices with other environmental factors.
Highlights:
Soil management practices can affect the environmental quality of this resource and help diagnose the source of its contamination.
It is necessary to evaluate the Impact of land use on livestock management, restoration strategies, and without management or conservation areas.
By X-ray fluorescence technique the total concentration of Zr, Sr, U, Th, Pb, As, Rb, Cr, V, Ti, Zn, and Cu was determined.
Ti, Cr, Th, U and As exceed the technical reference values for consideration as phytotoxic in soils.
Land use associated with reclamation practices is an indicator of a positive influence on improving soil quality