Conjugated Random Copolymers Consisting of Pyridine- and Thiophene-Capped Diketopyrrolopyrrole as Co-Electron Accepting Units To Enhance both <i>J</i>_SC and <i>V</i>_OC of Polymer Solar Cells

One of the effective strategies to enhance the photovoltaic performance of polymer solar cells (PSCs) is to synthesize random copolymers composed of one electron donating unit and two different electron accepting units, if the absorptions of two electron accepting units are complementary to each other. To this end, we synthesized a new series of conjugated random copolymer composed of bithiophene (electron donating unit) with thiophene-capped diketopyrrolopyrrole (TDPP) and pyridine-capped diketopyrrolopyrrole (PyDPP) (co-electron accepting units). The random copolymers show broad light absorption and face-on orientation on the substrate, which is beneficial to achieving high short circuit current. The open circuit voltage of the random copolymer can also be controlled systematically by varying the ratio of PyDPP to TDPP in the copolymer, since the HOMO energy level becomes deeper as the PyDPP content in the random copolymer is increased. Consequently, the solar cell device made of the random copolymer with the ratio of 3:1 (TDPP:PyDPP) shows higher PCE (8.11%) than those made of corresponding homopolymers, PTDPP2T (6.70%) and PPyDPP2T (4.14%)

Decision on tamoxifen (TMX) extension versus switching to aromatase inhibitor (AI) for patients with a change of menopausal status after 5-year-use of TMX (47-years-old).

For 47-year-old patients with a change of menopausal status after 5-year-use of TMX, 63.9% answered to switch from TMX to AI under the pathological condition of pT1N0 and Ki-67 10% with no ODX result, whereas 91.7% answered to switch from TMX to AI with the pathological condition of pT3N1 and Ki-67 70% without ODX result.</p

Duration of additional ovarian function suppression (OFS) in combination with tamoxifen for premenopausal women with or without adjuvant chemotherapy.

The x-axis represents each condition of the virtual patient, whereas the y-axis represents the response percentages. (a) Duration of additional OFS in 35-year-old patients with or without adjuvant chemotherapy; 56.8% of clinicians selected to include OFS for 5 years for pT1N0, Ki-67 10%, Oncotype Dx recurrence score (ODX RS) 16, whereas 63.2% selected to include OFS for 5 years for patients without prior chemotherapy under equal pathological conditions. At a higher Ki-67 grade with ODX RS 21, 68.4% and 81.6% of clinicians selected to include OFS for 5 years with and without prior chemotherapy, respectively. (b) Duration of additional OFS in 47-year-old patients with or without adjuvant chemotherapy; 57.9% of clinicians selected to include OFS for only 2 years for pT2N0, Ki-67 10%, ODX 16, whereas 52.6% selected to include OFS for patients without prior chemotherapy under same pathological conditions. Further, 50.0% selected to include OFS for 2 years for pT1N1, Ki-67 10%, and low-risk profile from the MammaPrint assay and finished adjuvant chemotherapy in advance, whereas 50.0% answered to add OFS for 5 years without prior chemotherapy under same pathological condition.</p

Responses of clinicians regarding the decision on adding ovarian function suppression and tamoxifen with and without prior chemotherapy for premenopausal women.

Responses of clinicians regarding the decision on adding ovarian function suppression and tamoxifen with and without prior chemotherapy for premenopausal women.</p

Responses of clinicians regarding the decision on performing adjuvant endocrine therapy after adjuvant chemotherapy for premenopausal women.

Responses of clinicians regarding the decision on performing adjuvant endocrine therapy after adjuvant chemotherapy for premenopausal women.</p

Arrays of Truncated Cone AlGaN Deep-Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diodes Facilitating Efficient Outcoupling of in-Plane Emission

Despite a rapidly growing demand for efficient man-made deep-ultraviolet (DUV) light sources, widespread adoption of AlGaN-based DUV light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is currently obstructed by extremely poor extraction of DUV photons due to the intrinsic material properties of the AlGaN active region. Here, we present 280 nm AlGaN DUV LEDs having arrays of truncated cone (TC)-shaped active mesas coated with MgF₂/Al reflectors on the inclined sidewalls of the cone to effectively extract the intrinsically strong transverse-magnetic-polarized emission. Ray tracing simulations reveal that the TC DUV LEDs show an isotropic emission pattern and much enhanced light-output power in comparison with stripe-type DUV LEDs with the same MgF₂/Al reflectors. Consistent with the ray tracing simulation results, the TC DUV LEDs show an isotropic emission pattern with much higher light-output power as well as lower operating voltage than the stripe-type DUV LEDs. On the basis of our results, strategies for designing high-performance DUV LEDs to further enhance the optical and electrical performances simultaneously are suggested

Specialty of clinicians who provided full responses.

A total of 92 clinicians responded to the survey; among these, 91.3% (84/92) were breast surgeons, and 7.6% (7/92) were oncologists. We did not receive a reply from any radiologist.</p

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PurposeConsidering prognostic and anatomic stages in early-stage premenopausal patients with breast cancer, clinicians decide on performing the multigene assay, adjuvant chemotherapy, or ovarian function suppression (OFS). This decision is also based on genetic information related to hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative results. We aimed to determine the tendency to use adjuvant therapy in clinical practice.MethodsFrom April to May 2022, clinicians of the Korean Breast Cancer Society responded to a web-based survey. The survey included 62 multiple-choice questions mainly on decision-making under different pathologic conditions.ResultsAmong 92 responding clinicians, 91.3% were breast surgeons. For 35-year-old patients (pT2N0 and Ki-67 50% profile), 96.8% of clinicians selected chemotherapy, whereas 50.7% selected chemotherapy for patients with pT1N0, Ki-67 10%, and without Oncotype Dx (ODX). Only 35.6% selected chemotherapy for 47-year-old patients with the same profiles, while 84.3% and 49.1% chose chemotherapy with ODX recurrence score 21 and 16, respectively. More clinicians selected tamoxifen (TMX) plus OFS than aromatase inhibitor (AI) plus OFS for 5 years of endocrine therapy in patients with adjuvant chemotherapy regardless of genomic and clinical risks. However, for the same patients without adjuvant chemotherapy, more clinicians selected AI plus OFS. A longer duration of additional OFS and TMX was selected in patients with high clinical and genomic risks, and the duration of OFS was relatively shorter in older patients.ConclusionThe decision regarding adjuvant therapy should be made considering clinical and genomic risks and age, and clinicians should consult with patients about adverse effects and compliance.</div

Responses of clinicians regarding the decision on performing adjuvant endocrine therapy without prior adjuvant chemotherapy for premenopausal women.

Responses of clinicians regarding the decision on performing adjuvant endocrine therapy without prior adjuvant chemotherapy for premenopausal women.</p

Responses of clinicians regarding the decision on adjuvant chemotherapy for premenopausal women.

Responses of clinicians regarding the decision on adjuvant chemotherapy for premenopausal women.</p