Is Criminal Sentencing Influenced by Type of Disorder?

Differences in sentencing due to disorder and gender were examined. Four scenarios were randomly presented for each disorder type. Participants indicated the sentence length for each scenario and whether they would parole the individual. Men with personality disorders received longer sentences while women with psychotic or neurological disorders received longer sentences. Perpetrators with personality disorders were less likely to be paroled than those with a psychotic or neurological disorder. Parole decisions about psychotic women were made faster than any other condition

The Feasibility and Efficacy of Telespirometry for Pulmonary Monitoring of Cystic Fibrosis: A Systematic Review

Background: Spirometry via telehealth (telespirometry) involves remote monitoring of lung function, which is useful to detect pulmonary changes and increase continuity of care for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Purpose: This systematic review aims to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of telespirometry assessments for paediatric and adult CF patients. Method: A comprehensive search of health-related databases (CINAHL, Emcare (Ovid), Medline (Ovid), PEDRo and Scopus) was conducted. For inclusion, patients had to be clinically diagnosed with CF and studies could be of any study design or level according to the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) evidence hierarchy, had to use telespirometry devices for lung function tests, and be written or translated into English. The Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool (CCAT) was used to assess study quality, while also accounting for potential sources of bias encountered during the review process. Data was exported and summarised using the population, intervention, comparators, and outcomes (PICO) framework in Microsoft excel, to provide clinical recommendations. Results: Fourteen studies were included, with participants ranging from 5 to 44-years-old. Thirteen trials were performed domestically, while sample sizes and baseline patient characteristics varied. Nine studies analysed a control and intervention group. All studies varied in the intervention regime and clinical support provided. Collectively, the literature indicated poor patient adherence to telespirometry, which acted as a barrier to gauging its efficacy. Although appearing to be effective in detecting pulmonary deterioration, inconsistencies in pulmonary exacerbation (PEx) criteria were identified and lack of significant improvements in pulmonary outcomes were observed. Conclusion: Poor quality literature and small sample sizes increased risk of bias and restricted the application of the results to clinical practice. The current evidence base is limited by minimal experimental studies, lack of standardised telespirometry protocols, and criteria for PExs and poor patient compliance. Recommendations: At this stage, telespirometry for CF monitoring should be used by motivated and rurally/remotely located patients to complement in-person consults until its uptake is improved and accuracy and clinically efficacy can be ascertained

Could parental rules play a role in the association between short sleep and obesity in young children?

Short sleep duration is associated with obesity in young children. This study develops the hypothesis that parental rules play a role in this association. Participants were 3-year-old children and their parents, recruited at nursery schools in socioeconomically deprived and non-deprived areas of a North-East England town. Parents were interviewed to assess their use of sleep, television-viewing and dietary rules, and given diaries to document their child's sleep for 4 days/5 nights. Children were measured for height, weight, waist circumference and triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses. One-hundred and eight families participated (84 with complete sleep data and 96 with complete body composition data). Parental rules were significantly associated together, were associated with longer night-time sleep and were more prevalent in the non-deprived-area compared with the deprived-area group. Television-viewing and dietary rules were associated with leaner body composition. Parental rules may in part confound the association between night-time sleep duration and obesity in young children, as rules cluster together across behavioural domains and are associated with both sleep duration and body composition. This hypothesis should be tested rigorously in large representative samples

Urban-Outdoor Nirvana

To make Boise more livable, we will create an Urban Outdoor Nirvana, the city within our city. This will increase livability by offering alternative transportation, building a cultural community, and promoting entrepreneurship. Our alternative transportation area will be a center for people to rent cars, bikes, access the city\u27s busing system, and enable citizens to help the environment while reducing congestion in the downtown area. To build culture and community, we will develop a unique mid-sized concert house to attract the most innovative and cutting-edge artists to our city. We will also create an artistically themed garden filled with local art creations, which will be a place for people to gather and enjoy Boise\u27s unique art culture. To enhance entrepreneurship opportunities and community, our urban-outdoor village will include a children\u27s museum, a volunteer center, and building space dedicated to local and start-up programs. A plaza in the center of the village will allow for community festivals and markets

Factors affecting journal submission numbers: Impact factor and peer review reputation

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154894/1/leap1285_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154894/2/leap1285.pd

Can children measure their own vision? A comparison of three new contrast sensitivity tests

PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility of children measuring their own contrast sensitivity using a range of tablet- and paper-based tests. METHODS: Forty children aged 5-15 years with amblyopia (N = 10), bilateral vision impairment (N = 10) or good vision (N = 20) measured their own vision on a screen-based optotype test (Manifold), a gamified vision test (PopCSF) and a paper-based test (Spotchecks) in a laboratory with minimal supervision. Completion rate, test-retest repeatability, test duration and participants' preferences were recorded for each test. RESULTS: Most participants (36/40) were able to perform all three tests. All tests were correlated with clinically measured visual acuity and contrast sensitivity (p < 0.001). The 95% coefficient of repeatability was 0.30 dB for Manifold, 0.29 dB for PopCSF and 0.13 dB for Spotchecks. All tests differentiated between children with reduced contrast sensitivity and control participants. PopCSF and Spotchecks were also able to differentiate between children with amblyopia and those with good vision. Median test time was 152, 130 and 202 s for Manifold, PopCSF and Spotchecks, respectively. Twenty-two participants preferred the PopCSF test, 10 preferred Spotchecks and 6 preferred Manifold. Thirty-nine out of the 40 children (98%) said they would measure their own vision at home using at least one of these tests every month. CONCLUSIONS: Children and young people can test their own contrast sensitivity with repeatable results. Of these three tests, the most repeatable was Spotchecks, the quickest was PopCSF and participants' favourite was PopCSF. Nearly all of the participants said they would be willing to use at least one of the three tests at home