birds_BIO1_min_max

Mininum and maximum annual temperature (BIO1 from worldclim) compiled for all the distributions of birds species present in the Birdlife websit

amphibians_BIO1_min_max

Mininum and maximum annual temperature (BIO1 from worldclim) compiled for all the distributions of amphibians species present in the IUCN red list websit

mammals_BIO1_min_max

Mininum and maximum annual temperature (BIO1 from worldclim) compiled for all the distributions of mammals species present in the IUCN red list websit

Additional file 2 of Phylogenomics of palearctic Formica species suggests a single origin of temporary parasitism and gives insights to the evolutionary pathway toward slave-making behaviour

Figure S2 Phylogenetic tree of the GAPLESS supermatrix (621,307 bp) built using RAxML (GTR + GAMMA model, 500 bootstrap replications). (PDF 2 kb

Additional file 7 of Phylogenomics of palearctic Formica species suggests a single origin of temporary parasitism and gives insights to the evolutionary pathway toward slave-making behaviour

Figure S7 Phylogenetic tree based on the cox1 mitochondrial gene of 41 Formica species borrowed from GeneBank (NCBI ID indicated between parentheses). The tree was built using RAxML (GTR + GAMMA, 500 bootstrap replications). Nodes supported by a bootstrap inferior to 70 were removed. Nearctic species are highlighted in red. (PDF 35 kb

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Molecular evolutionary rates are not correlated with temperature and latitude in Squamata: an exception to the metabolic theory of ecology?

Relationships between branch lengths and absolute latitude. (a) Major axis regressions drawn between the branch length of the species at higher and the branch length of the species at lower latitude (for each species pair). (b) Distribution of the lower (black) and the upper (white) boundaries of the confidence interval for the 1,000 major axis regressions presented in (a). Among our 1,000 replicates, the mean slope of the major axis regression between branches at higher and at lower absolute latitude was 1.1 (median slope = 1.09, 95 % CI: 0.77 to 1.49, drawn from 51 to 141 species pairs), indicating no significant effect of the absolute latitude on branch length. The lower boundaries of the confidence interval of the slope estimate were higher than 1 in 696 of 1,000 relationships (and the lower boundary was lower than 1 in 304 relationships). (DOC 1126 kb

Additional file 6 of Phylogenomics of palearctic Formica species suggests a single origin of temporary parasitism and gives insights to the evolutionary pathway toward slave-making behaviour

Figure S6 Phylogenetic tree of the ALLPOSITIONS supermatrix (1270,080 bp) built using RAxML by partitioning the supermatrix by codon positions (GTR + GAMMA model, 500 bootstrap replications). (PDF 2 kb

Additional file 1 of Phylogenomics of palearctic Formica species suggests a single origin of temporary parasitism and gives insights to the evolutionary pathway toward slave-making behaviour

Figure S1 Phylogenetic tree of the CLEAN supermatrix (970,619 bp) built using RAxML (GTR + GAMMA model, 500 bootstrap replications). (PDF 2 kb

Diversification rates are consistent with diversity patterns across mammalian orders.

<p>(Left panels) Mammalian orders (the eight most species-rich orders—covering 92% of all mammals—are represented, ranked from most to least diverse), their total species richness, and their global latitudinal diversity gradient. (Right panels) Posterior distributions of temperate (in blue) and tropical (in green) speciation, extinction, and net diversification rates estimates, computed using the best-fitting model. The grey color indicates that the best-fitting model had equal rates in the tropical and temperate biomes. The net diversification rate follows a trend consistent with the latitudinal diversity gradient: the net diversification rate is higher in the tropics, except in Lagomorpha, which shows an inverse diversity gradient, and in Carnivora, where the difference in net diversification is not significant. Speciation rate refers to within-biome speciation; speciation by biome divergence, which contributes to species richness in the tropical and temperate regions equally, is not included in this figure.</p

Support for the “out of the tropics” scenario of mammalian species richness.

<p>From left to right, global latitudinal diversity gradient of all mammals, and posterior distributions of speciation, extinction, net diversification, and dispersal rates corresponding to the temperate (in blue) and tropical biomes (in green). Faster speciation and reduced extinction in the tropics result in a higher net diversification rate. Range expansion from the tropics to the temperate regions is more frequent than the other way around. Posterior distributions were computed using MCMC analyses for the best-fitting model on the consensus tree. Bars below each distribution correspond to the shaded area and represent the 95% credibility interval of each estimated parameter. Speciation rate refers to within-biome speciation; speciation by biome divergence, which contributes to species richness in the tropical and temperate regions equally, is not included in this figure.</p