イオノゾンデ ヲ モチイタ オーロラ サブストーム ジ ノ デンリケン ヘンドウ

荷電降下粒子が電離圏に与える影響をよりよく理解するため,本研究では,オーロラサブストーム時の降下電子の影響が,イオノゾンデ観測データにどのように現れるかの検証を試みた.1997年10月1日からの1年間を対象として,地磁気変動をもとにオーロラサブストームのイベントを72例選出し,成長相,爆発相,回復相の各フェーズで時間軸を規格化した.選出した全イベントと同時観測されたイオノグラム読み取りデータ(fmin,ftEs,h\u27Es)を規格化された時間軸で整理し,それぞれのフェーズでの特徴を検討した.その結果,成長相から爆発相にかけて,fminとftEsの平均値は増加し,h\u27Esの平均値は下降する傾向が見られた.以上のことから,イオノグラムにみるオーロラサブストーム時の電離圏変動は,成長相から爆発相にかけて10-100keV程度のエネルギーをもつ電子の降下量の増大を反映した可能性が大きいと結論した.In order to obtain a better understanding of the influence of precipitating electrons on the ionosphere, we tried to estimate their effect from ionosonde observation data (ionograms) during an aurora substorm. In this analysis we used 72 aurora substorm events identified from the geomagnetic variation for one year beginning from October 1st,1997. We have adjusted the time axis of the growth phase, the expansion phase, and the recovery phase of each event so that different events can be expressed on a common time axis. Observed ionogram data (fmin, ftEs, h\u27Es) are plotted on this normalized time axis and the features of the ionogram are examined in each phase. As a result, the mean values of fmin and ftEs increased, and the mean values of h\u27Es decreased from the growth phase to the expansion phase. We have concluded that there is a high possibility of an increase of the flux of 10-100keV precipitating electrons from the growth phase to the expansion phase

Ehrlichia chaffeensis Infection of Sika Deer, Japan

To determine whether Ehrlichia chaffeensis exists in Japan, we used PCR to examine blood from sika deer in Nara, Japan. Of 117 deer, 36 (31%) were infected with E. chaffeensis. The E. chaffeensis 16S rRNA base and GroEL amino acid sequences from Japan were most closely related to those of E. chaffeensis Arkansas

Inflammatory bowel disease in Tokushima prefecture : A report of questionnaire investigation

To investigate the number of cases and clinical features of inflammatory bowel disease, a questionnaire was sent to 1,271 hospitals or clinics in Tokushima prefecture. A total of 320 cases were collected from 60 institutes for the period from January to December 1997. Eight cases were excluded from this study because of duplicated report (6 cases) and inadequate diagnosis (2 cases). Finally, 312 cases were investigated on their clinical features, treatments, complications, and prognosis. The cases included 195 ulcerative colitis (male 106, female 83, gender unknown 6 cases, age ranged 9-81, mean 39.5± 14.3 (standard deviation (SD) years old), 69 Crohn's disease (male 39, female 24, gender unknown 6 cases, age ranged 17-87, mean 35.1±10.5 (SD) years old), 28 ischemic colitis (male 11, female 17, mean age 65.9±12.6 (SD) years old), 9 intestinal tuberculosis (male 1, female 6, gender unknown 2, age 66.9±6.1 (SD) years old), 4 intestinal Behcet (male 3, female 1, age 39.0±14.2 (SD) years old), 6 simple ulcers (male 3, female 3, age 67.7±11.8 (SD) years old), and a case of aphtous enteritis. Two toxic megacolon cases and 5 colorectal cancer cases were reported among the 195 ulcerative colitis patients. 44 cases out of 69 Crohn's disease patients were received surgical treatment because of severe complications including perforation (12 cases), stenosis (10 cases), internal fistula formation (8 cases) and so on. However, no case died because of the diseases except 3 untraceable patients

Variations in the ionosphere during an aurora substorm as observed by an ionosonde

In order to obtain a better understanding of the influence of precipitating electrons on the ionosphere, we tried to estimate their effect from ionosonde observation data (ionograms) during an aurora substorm. In this analysis we used 72 aurora substorm events identified from the geomagnetic variation for one year beginning from October 1st,1997. We have adjusted the time axis of the growth phase, the expansion phase, and the recovery phase of each event so that different events can be expressed on a common time axis. Observed ionogram data (fmin, ftEs, h'Es) are plotted on this normalized time axis and the features of the ionogram are examined in each phase. As a result, the mean values of fmin and ftEs increased, and the mean values of h'Es decreased from the growth phase to the expansion phase. We have concluded that there is a high possibility of an increase of the flux of 10-100keV precipitating electrons from the growth phase to the expansion phase

MHC Class I Expression by Donor Hematopoietic Stem Cells Is Required to Prevent NK Cell Attack in Allogeneic, but Not Syngeneic Recipient Mice.

NK cells resist engraftment of syngeneic and allogeneic bone marrow (BM) cells lacking major histocompatibility (MHC) class I molecules, suggesting a critical role for donor MHC class I molecules in preventing NK cell attack against donor hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), and their derivatives. However, using high-resolution in vivo imaging, we demonstrated here that syngeneic MHC class I knockout (KO) donor HSPCs persist with the same survival frequencies as wild-type donor HSPCs. In contrast, syngeneic MHC class I KO differentiated hematopoietic cells and allogeneic MHC class I KO HSPCs were rejected in a manner that was significantly inhibited by NK cell depletion. In vivo time-lapse imaging demonstrated that mice receiving allogeneic MHC class I KO HSPCs showed a significant increase in NK cell motility and proliferation as well as frequencies of NK cell contact with and killing of HSPCs as compared to mice receiving wild-type HSPCs. The data indicate that donor MHC class I molecules are required to prevent NK cell-mediated rejection of syngeneic differentiated cells and allogeneic HSPCs, but not of syngeneic HSPCs

Spin triplet exciton condensations in LaCoO3_{3} at ultrahigh magnetic fields up to 600 T

Bose-Einstein condensation of electron-hole pairs, exciton condensation, has been effort-fully investigated since predicted 60 years ago. Irrefutable evidence has still been lacking due to experimental difficulties in verifying the condensation of the charge neutral and non-magnetic spin-singlet excitons. Whilst, condensation of spin-triplet excitons is a promising frontier because spin supercurrent and spin-Seebeck effects will be observable. A canonical cobaltite LaCoO$_{3}$ under very high magnetic fields is a propitious candidate, yet to be verified. Here, we unveil the exotic phase diagram of LaCoO$_{3}$ up to 600 T generated using the electromagnetic flux compression method and the state-of-the-art magnetostriction gauge. We found successive emergence of two spin-triplet exciton condensates identified by the continuous magnetostriction curves and model calculations. The spin-triplet exciton condensation in a cobaltite, which is three-dimensional and thermally equilibrated, opens up a novel venue for spintronics technologies with spin-supercurrent such as a spin Josephson junction.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures plus supplementary materia

Signature of spin-triplet exciton condensations in LaCoO3 at ultrahigh magnetic fields up to 600 T

Spin-triplet exciton condensation has been predicted in perovskite cobaltites in high magnetic fields. Here, the authors report the magnetic phase diagram of LaCoO3 from magnetostriction measurements in ultrahigh magnetic fields and reveal new high-field phases with signatures of the exciton condensate

Radiosynthesis of [11C]disulfiram and its first in vivo PET studies

Objectives: Disulfiram (DSF) has been widely used to treat alcoholism for more than half a century and recent studies suggest that DSF may have potential therapeutic effect for several cancers. However, the detail reaction mechanism for the anti-cancer effect of DSF is still not clear. Therefore, the development of [11C]DSF and its in vivo and in vitro studies might be helpful for the understanding of the role of DSF. Here we present the first synthesis of [11C]DSF using [11C]carbon disulfide ([11C]CS2) as a labelling agent. Methods: [11C]DSF was synthesized via iodine (I2) oxidation of [11C]diethylcarbamodithioic acid ([11C]DETC), which was prepared by the reaction of [11C]CS2 and diethylamine in acetonitrile (MeCN) at room temperature (r.t.)Results: The (decay-corrected isolated) radiochemical yield (RCY) of [11C]DSF was greatly affected by the addition of non-radioactive carbon disulfide (CS2). In the presence of CS2, RCY was increased up to 22% with low molar radioactivity (0.27 GBq/mol). On the other hand, in the absence of CS2, [11C]DSF was obtained in 0.4% RCY with high molar radioactivity (95 GBq/mol). The radiochemical purities (determined by radio-HPLC analysis of the isolated product) of [11C]DSF were always greater than 98%. The first PET study of [11C]DSF was performed on mice. High uptake of radioactivity in the liver, kidney and gallbladder were observed and the metabolite analysis of mouse serum showed the rapid decomposition of [11C]DSF.Conclusions: [11C]DSF was successfully synthesized by the reaction of [11C]CS2 with diethylamine followed by I2 oxidation. Regardless of the molar radioactivity, PET studies of [11C]DSF showed similar uptake in mouse organ and rapid decomposition in serum.22nd International symposium on radiopharmaceutical science (ISRS