Synthesis and biological investigation of (+)-JD1, an organometallic BET bromodomain inhibitor

(+)-JD1, a rationally designed ferrocene analogue of the BET bromodomain (BRD) probe molecule (+)-JQ1, has been synthesized and evaluated in biophysical, cell-based assays as well as in pharmacokinetic studies. It displays nanomolar activity against BRD isoforms, and its cocrystal structure was determined in complex with the first bromodomain of BRD4 and compared with that of (+)-JQ1, a known BRD4 small-molecule probe. At 1 μM concentration, (+)-JD1 was able to inhibit c-Myc, a key driver in cancer and an indirect target of BRD4

A Evaluative study to assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge regarding Antiretroviral Therapy among HIV patients in selected community care centres, in Kanyakumari District

The study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge of antiretroviral therapy among HIV patients in selected community care centres, in Kanyakumari District. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: 1. To assess the level of knowledge regarding antiretroviral therapy before and after structured teaching programme among HIV patients. 2. To evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on antiretroviral therapy among HIV patients. 3. To associate the post test knowledge score among HIV patients regarding antiretro viral therapy with selected demographic variables such as age, sex, type of family, marital status, education, occupation, and income. ASSUMPTIONS: The knowledge of antiretroviral therapy varies from one another. The level of knowledge of antiretroviral therapy is influenced by selected demographic variables like age, sex, type of family, marital status, education, occupation and income In this study J.W. Kenny’s open system model (2002) was used to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme and also for associating the selected demographic variables with knowledge of antiretroviral therapy. This study adopts a quantitative approach and design was quasi experimental one group pre test post test design. Data were colleted from 50 samples by convenience sampling technique. The tools used for data collection include- 1. Selected demographic variables. 2. Structured questionnaire regarding knowledge on HIV and antiretroviral therapy with a score of 24. All tools were validated and subjected to reliability testing. On pilot study the tools were found to be appropriate and relevant for the study. The procedure of data collection was done from subjects on convenience sampling technique and data analysis was done by using descriptive and inferential statistics. MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDY: 1. Among 50 samples none of them had high knowledge during pretest. After structured teaching programme, in post test 30% of them had high knowledge. 2. Association between level of knowledge and selected demographic variables such as sex, type of family, marital status, education, occupation, and income have no significant association.(P>0.050). 3. The mean score for knowledge during pretest was 6.56 and has changed to 13.6 in post test, P<0.050. After imparting the structured teaching programme there is a significant improvement in knowledge on antiretroviral therapy. CONCLUSION: This evaluative study reveals that among the 50 participants of the study 74% of them had high knowledge after post test. There is no statistically significant association between demographic variables such as sex, education, marital status, occupation, and income. The structured teaching programme was also found effective in improving the knowledge of antiretroviral therapy thereby adherence to this therapy can be improved

Ecophysiology of photosynthesis in macroalgae

Macroalgae occur in the marine benthos from the upper intertidal to depths of more than 200 m, contributing up to 1 Pg C per year to global primary productivity. Freshwater macroalgae are mainly green (Chlorophyta) with some red (Rhodophyta) and a small contribution of brown (Phaeophyceae) algae, while in the ocean all three higher taxa are important. Attempts to relate the depth distribution of three higher taxa of marine macroalgae to their photosynthetic light use through their pigmentation in relation to variations in spectral quality of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) with depth (complementary chromatic adaptation) and optical thickness (package effect) have been relatively unsuccessful. The presence (Chlorophyta, Phaeophyceae) or absence (Rhodophyta) of a xanthophyll cycle is also not well correlated with depth distribution of marine algae. The relative absence of freshwater brown algae does not seem to be related to their photosynthetic light use. Photosynthetic inorganic carbon acquisition in some red and a few green macroalgae involves entry of CO2 by diffusion. Other red and green macroalgae, and brown macroalgae, have CO2 concentrating mechanisms; these frequently involve acid and alkaline zones on the surface of the alga with CO2 (produced from HCO3-) entering in the acid zones, while some macroalgae have CCMs based on active influx of HCO3-. These various mechanisms of carbon acquisition have different responses to the thickness of the diffusion boundary layer, which is determined by macroalgal morphology and water velocity. Energetic predictions that macroalgae growing at or near the lower limit of PAR for growth should rely on diffusive CO2 entry without acid and alkaline zones, and on NH 4+ rather than NO3- as nitrogen source, are only partially borne out by observation. The impact of global environmental change on marine macroalgae mainly relates to ocean acidification and warming with shoaling of the thermocline and decreased nutrient flux to the upper mixed layer. Predictions of the impact on macroalgae requires further experiments on interactions among increased inorganic carbon, increased temperature and decreased nitrogen and phosphorus supply, and, when possible, studies of genetic adaptation to environmental change. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V