Electrodeposition and characterisation of copolymers based on pyrrole and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene in BMIM BF4 using a microcell configuration

Electrochemical copolymerization of pyrrole (Py) and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) was performed in an ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, (BMIM BF4) employing a 'micro-cell' in order to use the materials efficiently. Characterization of the copolymers formed on an ITO substrate was performed for different Py: EDOT ratios (1:2, 1:1, 2:1) in both aqueous and ionic liquid electrolytes. The three copolymers displayed different absorbance spectra with lambda max of the polaron species at 507,540 and 580 nm for PPy-co-PEDOT ratios of 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, respectively. Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical analysis revealed that the properties of the copolymer depend upon the Py/EDOT monomer ratio used. The copolymer PPy-co-PEDOT (2:1) displayed good stability, a switching time of 20 s and a colouration efficiency of 101.3 C-1cm2. The presence of Py in the copolymer stabilised the polaron state of the copolymer and allowed greater ion mobility compared to the PEDOT alone. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

CpG oligodeoxynucleotide stimulates production of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in ANCA associated vasculitis-4

G-B and IL-2. Each patient assay was paired with a healthy control. After 12 days of culture, supernatants were harvested. IgG concentration and supernatant reactivity to either PR3 or MPO was measured by ELISA. The amount of IgG detected in the supernatants was of 5.5 ± 2.2 μg mLin the patients compared to 4.1 ± 1.2 μg mLin the control group (. Figure shows the reactivity of the supernatants from PR3ANCA patients towards PR3 antigen. The difference against control individuals was highly significant (P = 0.0082). Figure shows the reactivity of the supernatants from MPOANCA patients towards MPO antigen. The difference was not significant (P = 0.072) although their supernatants showed a clear tendency towards higher reactivity compared to controls. There was no correlation between patients' serum ANCA titre at the time of the assay and their production of ANCA in response to CpG-B as shown in (r= 0.172).<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "CpG oligodeoxynucleotide stimulates production of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in ANCA associated vasculitis"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2172/9/34</p><p>BMC Immunology 2008;9():34-34.</p><p>Published online 14 Jul 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2483256.</p><p></p

CpG oligodeoxynucleotide stimulates production of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in ANCA associated vasculitis-5

D mitogen (PWM) + IL2, or inactivated + IL2. A representative set of results is shown from a PR3ANCA patient (and a MPOANCA patient ().<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "CpG oligodeoxynucleotide stimulates production of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in ANCA associated vasculitis"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2172/9/34</p><p>BMC Immunology 2008;9():34-34.</p><p>Published online 14 Jul 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2483256.</p><p></p

CpG oligodeoxynucleotide stimulates production of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in ANCA associated vasculitis-1

D mitogen (PWM) + IL2, or inactivated + IL2. A representative set of results is shown from a PR3ANCA patient (and a MPOANCA patient ().<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "CpG oligodeoxynucleotide stimulates production of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in ANCA associated vasculitis"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2172/9/34</p><p>BMC Immunology 2008;9():34-34.</p><p>Published online 14 Jul 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2483256.</p><p></p

CpG oligodeoxynucleotide stimulates production of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in ANCA associated vasculitis-0

G-B and IL-2. Each patient assay was paired with a healthy control. After 12 days of culture, supernatants were harvested. IgG concentration and supernatant reactivity to either PR3 or MPO was measured by ELISA. The amount of IgG detected in the supernatants was of 5.5 ± 2.2 μg mLin the patients compared to 4.1 ± 1.2 μg mLin the control group (. Figure shows the reactivity of the supernatants from PR3ANCA patients towards PR3 antigen. The difference against control individuals was highly significant (P = 0.0082). Figure shows the reactivity of the supernatants from MPOANCA patients towards MPO antigen. The difference was not significant (P = 0.072) although their supernatants showed a clear tendency towards higher reactivity compared to controls. There was no correlation between patients' serum ANCA titre at the time of the assay and their production of ANCA in response to CpG-B as shown in (r= 0.172).<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "CpG oligodeoxynucleotide stimulates production of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in ANCA associated vasculitis"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2172/9/34</p><p>BMC Immunology 2008;9():34-34.</p><p>Published online 14 Jul 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2483256.</p><p></p