3,723 research outputs found
Color-Kinematics Duality for QCD Amplitudes
We show that color-kinematics duality is present in tree-level amplitudes of
quantum chromodynamics with massive flavored quarks. Starting with the color
structure of QCD, we work out a new color decomposition for n-point tree
amplitudes in a reduced basis of primitive amplitudes. These primitives, with k
quark-antiquark pairs and (n-2k) gluons, are taken in the (n-2)!/k! Melia
basis, and are independent under the color-algebra Kleiss-Kuijf relations. This
generalizes the color decomposition of Del Duca, Dixon, and Maltoni to an
arbitrary number of quarks. The color coefficients in the new decomposition are
given by compact expressions valid for arbitrary gauge group and
representation. Considering the kinematic structure, we show through explicit
calculations that color-kinematics duality holds for amplitudes with general
configurations of gluons and massive quarks. The new (massive) amplitude
relations that follow from the duality can be mapped to a well-defined subset
of the familiar BCJ relations for gluons. They restrict the amplitude basis
further down to (n-3)!(2k-2)/k! primitives, for two or more quark lines. We
give a decomposition of the full amplitude in that basis. The presented results
provide strong evidence that QCD obeys the color-kinematics duality, at least
at tree level. The results are also applicable to supersymmetric and
D-dimensional extensions of QCD.Comment: 33 pages + refs, 7 figures, 4 tables; v3 minor corrections, journal
versio
Pure Gravities via Color-Kinematics Duality for Fundamental Matter
We give a prescription for the computation of loop-level scattering
amplitudes in pure Einstein gravity, and four-dimensional pure supergravities,
using the color-kinematics duality. Amplitudes are constructed using double
copies of pure (super-)Yang-Mills parts and additional contributions from
double copies of fundamental matter, which are treated as ghosts. The
opposite-statistics states cancel the unwanted dilaton and axion in the bosonic
theory, as well as the extra matter supermultiplets in supergravities. As a
spinoff, we obtain a prescription for obtaining amplitudes in supergravities
with arbitrary non-self-interacting matter. As a prerequisite, we extend the
color-kinematics duality from the adjoint to the fundamental representation of
the gauge group. We explain the numerator relations that the fundamental
kinematic Lie algebra should satisfy. We give nontrivial evidence supporting
our construction using explicit tree and loop amplitudes, as well as more
general arguments.Comment: 48 pages + refs, 15 figures, 3 tables; v2 minor corrections, journal
versio
Cavity QED in superconducting circuits: susceptibility at elevated temperatures
We study the properties of superconducting electrical circuits, realizing
cavity QED. In particular we explore the limit of strong coupling, low
dissipation, and elevated temperatures relevant for current and future
experiments. We concentrate on the cavity susceptibility as it can be directly
experimentally addressed, i.e., as the impedance or the reflection coefficient
of the cavity. To this end we investigate the dissipative Jaynes-Cummings model
in the strong coupling regime at high temperatures. The dynamics is
investigated within the Bloch-Redfield formalism. At low temperatures, when
only the few lowest levels are occupied the susceptibility can be presented as
a sum of contributions from independent level-to-level transitions. This
corresponds to the secular (random phase) approximation in the Bloch-Redfield
formalism. At temperatures comparable to and higher than the oscillator
frequency, many transitions become important and a multiple-peak structure
appears. We show that in this regime the secular approximation breaks down, as
soon as the peaks start to overlap. In other words, the susceptibility is no
longer a sum of contributions from independent transitions. We treat the
dynamics of the system numerically by exact diagonalization of the Hamiltonian
of the qubit plus up to 200 states of the oscillator. We compare the results
obtained with and without the secular approximation and find a qualitative
discrepancy already at moderate temperatures.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure
Janossy Densities of Coupled Random Matrices
We explicitly calculate Janossy densities for a special class of finite
determinantal point processes with several types of particles introduced by
Pr\"ahofer and Spohn and, in the full generality, by Johansson in connection
with the analysis of polynuclear growth models. The results of our paper
generalize the theorem we proved earlier with Borodin about the Janossy
densities in biorthogonal ensembles. In particular, our results can be applied
to coupled random matrices.Comment: We revised the introduction and added a couple of new reference
Swarm Bug Algorithms for Path Generation in Unknown Environments
In this paper, we consider the problem of a swarm traveling between two
points as fast as possible in an unknown environment cluttered with obstacles.
Potential applications include search-and-rescue operations where damaged
environments are typical. We present swarm generalizations, called SwarmCom,
SwarmBug1, and SwarmBug2, of the classical path generation algorithms Com,
Bug1, and Bug2. These algorithms were developed for unknown environments and
require low computational power and memory storage, thereby freeing up
resources for other tasks. We show the upper bound of the worst-case travel
time for the first agent in the swarm to reach the target point for SwarmBug1.
For SwarmBug2, we show that the algorithm underperforms in terms of worst-case
travel time compared to SwarmBug1. For SwarmCom, we show that there exists a
trivial scene for which the algorithm will not halt, and it thus has no
performance guarantees. Moreover, by comparing the upper bound of the travel
time for SwarmBug1 with a universal lower bound for any path generation
algorithm, it is shown that in the limit when the number of agents in the swarm
approaches infinity, no other algorithm has strictly better worst-case
performance than SwarmBug1 and the universal lower bound is tight.Comment: Accepted for IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Dec. 13-15,
2023, Singapor
Large-Scale Multi-Fleet Platoon Coordination: A Dynamic Programming Approach
Truck platooning is a promising technology that enables trucks to travel in
formations with small inter-vehicle distances for improved aerodynamics and
fuel economy. The real-world transportation system includes a vast number of
trucks owned by different fleet owners, for example, carriers. To fully exploit
the benefits of platooning, efficient dispatching strategies that facilitate
the platoon formations across fleets are required. This paper presents a
distributed framework for addressing multi-fleet platoon coordination in large
transportation networks, where each truck has a fixed route and aims to
maximize its own fleet's platooning profit by scheduling its waiting times at
hubs. The waiting time scheduling problem of individual trucks is formulated as
a distributed optimal control problem with continuous decision space and a
reward function that takes non-zero values only at discrete points. By suitably
discretizing the decision and state spaces, we show that the problem can be
solved exactly by dynamic programming, without loss of optimality. Finally, a
realistic simulation study is conducted over the Swedish road network with
trucks to evaluate the profit and efficiency of the approach. The
simulation study shows that, compared to single-fleet platooning, multi-fleet
platooning provided by our method achieves around times higher monetary
profit and increases the CO emission reductions from to . In
addition, it shows that the developed approach can be carried out in real-time
and thus is suitable for platoon coordination in large transportation systems.Comment: IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, accepte
Random Words, Toeplitz Determinants and Integrable Systems. I
It is proved that the limiting distribution of the length of the longest
weakly increasing subsequence in an inhomogeneous random word is related to the
distribution function for the eigenvalues of a certain direct sum of Gaussian
unitary ensembles subject to an overall constraint that the eigenvalues lie in
a hyperplane.Comment: 15 pages, no figure
Hub-Based Platoon Formation: Optimal Release Policies and Approximate Solutions
This paper studies the optimal hub-based platoon formation at hubs along a
highway under decentralized, distributed, and centralized policies. Hubs are
locations along highways where trucks can wait for other trucks to form
platoons. A coordinator at each hub decides the departure time of trucks, and
the released trucks from the hub will form platoons. The problem is cast as an
optimization problem where the objective is to maximize the platooning reward.
We first show that the optimal release policy in the decentralized case, where
the hubs do not exchange information, is to release all trucks at the hub when
the number of trucks exceeds a threshold computed by dynamic programming. We
develop efficient approximate release policies for the dependent arrival case
using this result. To study the value of information exchange among hubs on
platoon formation, we next study the distributed and centralized platoon
formation policies which require information exchange among hubs. To this end,
we develop receding horizon solutions for the distributed and centralized
platoon formation at hubs using the dynamic programming technique. Finally, we
perform a simulation study over three hubs in northern Sweden. The profits of
the decentralized policies are shown to be approximately 3.5% lower than the
distributed policy and 8% lower than the centralized release policy. This
observation suggests that decentralized policies are prominent solutions for
hub-based platooning as they do not require information exchange among hubs and
can achieve a similar performance compared with distributed and centralized
policies.Comment: Accepted for T-ITS 202
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